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Une vision européenne de l’île

Author(s): Beatrice Nickel / Language(s): French Issue: 10/2015

In his “Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men” (“Discours sur l’origine et les fondements de l’inégalité parmi les hommes”, 1755) Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that man, in a state of nature, was inherently good, but became depraved the moment he decided to live in societies. In 18th century European literature, Rousseau’s idea assumed shape in the description of the original inhabitants of Tahiti. For the first time, Louis Antoine de Bougainville described them as the embodiment of Rousseau’s natural man. At this very moment, Tahiti became, in the European imagination, the epitome of paradise on earth. Beside the account of Bougainville’s journey, the following paper is focussed on literary texts of James Cook, Georg Forster and Denis Diderot.

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« L’île de Beauté » qui est maudite. Le pervers rêve corse de Prosper Mérimée

Author(s): Małgorzata Sokołowicz / Language(s): French Issue: 10/2015

The article describes the vision of Corsica emerging from the works of Prosper Mérimée. Known for its picturesque landscapes and the vendetta practiced by its inhabitants, the island became a popular literary motif already in the second half of 18th century. However, Mérimée copes with this “Corsican myth” in a very original way. By deriding the boredom of many young Europeans of his times, he makes them fascinated with the savage island, to really terrify them, afterwards, with its terrible cruelty. Moreover, those who want to forget this traumatic Corsican experience do not manage to do it as the perverse dream has made them addicted to its cursed beauty.

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„Recuerdos de Filipinas”: las islas vistas por el periodista y escritor español Francisco Cañamaque (1851—1891)

Author(s): Lorena Valera Villalba / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 10/2015

Spanish journalist, politician and writer, Francisco Cañamaque, worked for nine months in 1873 in the Spanish Philippines as a member of the Spanish government. During this period, he wrote down his impressions about the islands and their society, and then published “Recuerdos de Filipinas” (1877). His book is divided into two different parts: in the first one, he describes satirically the society of the islands, and in the second one, he proposes some reforms to improve the social situation in the colony and to make the metropolis obtain more benefit from it. Although some writers heavily criticized the satire, the cruel, exaggerated, description of the islands might be an important part of the strategy used by Cañamaque to make the government take a more active role in the administration of the islands.

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Le microcosme insulaire de Jules Verne dans „L’Île mystérieuse”. De l’île de la Désolation à l’île Lincoln

Author(s): Didier Bertrand / Language(s): French Issue: 10/2015

This article means to demonstrate that the complexity of Mysterious Island, stemming from the description of the place, this silent but omnipresent character, prevent it from being limited to the young readership intended by Hetzel, Verne’s editor. The anticolonial and antislavery discourse established as the ideological principle early on, is debunked by a counterdiscourse based on new knowledge of anthropology. Conclusions about Verne’s response to Defoe are also addressed.

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Sociologie des relations ethniques entre descendants des Africains et des coolies dans la littérature mauricienne à l’époque coloniale et postcoloniale

Author(s): Vicram Ramharai / Language(s): French Issue: 10/2015

This article uses Mauritian fiction in French language to analyse the relationship between the slave descendants, the Creoles, and those of the Indian community. Slaves were brought in Mauritius by the French between 1715 and 1810 and the Indians by the British between 1810 and 1925. The interaction (or the absence of interaction) between these two ethnic groups provides fresh insight into the social history of Mauritius and how these two groups (Creoles and Indians) did not mingle with each other. In fact, such interaction could bring a change in the mindset of the people and chaos in society. Colonial novelists’ display of both the Creoles and the Indo‑Mauritians justifies the colonial ideology, whereas that of the postcolonial writers questions this ideology in their writings.

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Édouard Glissant : entre l’insularité et la pensée archipélique

Author(s): Michał Obszyński / Language(s): French Issue: 10/2015

The goal of this paper is to show how Édouard Glissant’s understanding of Antillean culture and literature evolve from the project of antillanité to the idea of creolization. The former (put forward in “Le discours antillais” published in 1981), bears the mark of an “insular” perception of the West Indies, but it simultaneously gives birth to some concepts stressing a relational character of the Antillean social and cultural reality. In a more detailed and elaborated form, this “archipelagic” perspective will be in the very center of Glissant’s aesthetic program presented in “Poétique de la relation” (1990) and “Traité du Tout-monde” (1997), which extend the range of analyzed issues in order to encompass the globalization phenomenon.

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Del pesimismo identitario a la creolización en el ensayo antillano

Author(s): Amán Rosales Rodríguez / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 10/2015

Focused on the broad topic of national identity, the main purpose of this article is to expose the significant change suffered by that concept in the modern Antillean-Caribbean essaywriting. Departing from a stark pessimistic viewpoint represented in influential works by the Puerto Rican writers and intellectuals Antonio S. Pedreira, René Márquez and José. L. González, a more moderate, cautiously optimistic perspective has been put forward more recently by Antonio Benítez Rojo and Édouard Glissant. The main difference between the two positions is the replacement, in the second one, of a concern with essentialism by a more open and cosmopolitan instance centered on a pan-Caribbean multicultural experience.

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La Cuba secreta: la insularidad / cubanidad en Cristina García

Author(s): Mariola Pietrak / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 10/2015

The article aims to analyze the literary work of the Cuban-American novelist Cristina García from the viewpoint of the theory of insularity, proposed by her countrymate J. Lezama Lima («Coloquio con Juan Ramón Jiménez», 1938), paying attention to the references to the enchanted / sacred space evoked in the esseistic work of María Zambrano (“La Cuba secreta”, 1948). Starting with these two fundamental notions, it aims to deal with the very idea of cubanity in the writings of the so-called Generation 1’5, to whom Zambrano belongs. As the author was born in Cuba, but raised in the United States, her perception of the island is necessarily ambiguous, typical for the sensibility of Cuban exiles, of those people who find themselves in a land between, living between two cultures.

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Multiple Belongings in the Shaping of the Literary Imagination

Author(s): Nandini Bhautoo-Dewnarain / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2015

This article proposes to explore the nature of multiple imaginative belongings as this is inscribed within various Mauritian literary texts, written in three different languages. The tyranny of the desire for national belonging has known varied fortunes over the last 200 years as nationalism has been simultaneously praised and derided in the construction of the national imaginary. In the context of multicultural Mauritius, the complexity of the nationalist paradigm exists in parallel with numerous transnational narratives of diasporic belonging. Nowhere is this more visible than in the literary output, where writers play with the often overlapping realities of multiple belongings.

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“Nel paese del Gattopardo”. Gustaw Herling-Grudziński e Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa

Author(s): Magdalena Śniedziewska / Language(s): Italian Issue: 10/2015

The present work is devoted to the problem of reception of the Sicilian literature in the Gustaw Herling-Grudziński’s oeuvre. The article is an analysis of the Herling-Grudziński’s essay on “The Leopard” published in 1959 in “Kultura”. Herling in his work analyzes the crucial problem of the sicilianity (sicilianità) and the obsession with death. In the “Journal Written at Night” and in the essay about Lampedusa Grudziński “rewrites” the vision of Sicily and diagnoses the problem of insularity (insularità).

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La condizione di isolitudine in “Diceria dell’untore” di Gesualdo Bufalino

Author(s): Joanna Janusz / Language(s): Italian Issue: 10/2015

Isolitudine is a neologism coined from isola (an Island) and solitudine (solitude) that was created by Gesualdo Bufalino in order to mark a specific attitude to life which characterizes the mental and emotional ambivalence of Sicily’s inhabitants. On the one hand, they are proud of their difference, but on the other, they feel isolated and disconnected from life on the continent and doomed to cultural and emotional solitude. In the novel “Diceria dell’untore” the topic of acceptance and rejection of the condition of isolitudine dominates. The main character is excluded from ‘real’ life in a two-fold way: he is the inhabitant of an Island and the patient of a tuberculosis sanatorium; futhermore, he has been bruised by his wartime experience. The condition of isolitudine is inscribed not only in characterization but also in the chronotope. The places of the novel are the sanatorium and the island itself. Both of them have the qualities of a pleasant place (locus amoenus) and a horrible one (locus horridus), and their characterization results from a combination of those qualities.

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Sicilia, un’isola dentro un continente umano

Author(s): Małgorzata Puto / Language(s): Italian Issue: 10/2015

The analyzed text puts a great emphasis on the concept of an island perceived not only as a geographical autonomic zone, but also as a cultural and personal continuum. Culicchia’s novel focuses on the emotional and generational voyage preceded by the images that are alive in the mind of a child who now becomes an adult. Sicily is an example of the concept of mente locale which defines the relationship between space and human being for whom it is essential and primordial.

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La donna è un isola

Author(s): Anna Natkańska / Language(s): Italian Issue: 10/2015

The woman is an island, uninhabited (soulless), inaccessible, or a predictable and well-known. A woman who lives on the island, can perfectly reflect the entire insular nature of being. In my article I will present the form of women living in this closed environment and prove how strong stigma the island can leave in human life. Heroines all of the novel created in the twentieth century and written by writers associated with Sicily, were selected on the basis of contrast: the mother of “Sicilian conversation” by Elio Vittorini, prostitutes from the “Pension Eva” by Andrea Camilleri. The thing which determines their lives, which affects their choices and relationships to others, is an island, its history and severity, which in this article I will try to present and proove. Reflections and interpretations of texts will be preceded by presentation of interesting philosophical and sociological aspects of a woman and her social functions.

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La quête identitaire dans l’œuvre romanesque d’Ananda Devi

Author(s): Anna Szkonter-Bochniak / Language(s): French Issue: 10/2015

This article examines three novels by Ananda Devi, a well-known francophone novelist from Mauritius, the author of many novels, short stories and poetry books. In her novels, the author portrays the lives of women, the roles and norms that have been imposed on them, as well as their place in the conservative and patriarchal society in Mauritius and in India. The protagonists of “Pagli”, “Le Voile de Draupadi” and “Indian tango”, whilst searching for their identity, rebel against the society, their families and religion which marginalise them and deny their right to make decisions about their own lives. The protagonists of Devi’s novels by objecting to such a lifestyle, by violating the social norms and breaching bans, discover their identity. Pagli symbolically rediscovers her true name, Anjali freedom and Subhadra her body/sexuality.

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Sakrament Eucharystii we współczesnych dialogach ekumenicznych

Author(s): Piotr Jaskóła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2015

The article presents the teaching on Eucharist in the study document Harvesting the Fruits. Aspects of Christian Faith in Ecumenical Dialogue (New York 2009) prepared by Walter Card. Kasper. The whole document is based on the reports of bilateral dialogues led after II Vatican Council by Roman Catholic Church with Anglican Communion, Lutheran World Federation, World Methodist Council and World Alliance of Reformed Churches. Documents of theses dialogues show the central role of Eucharist as the beginning and the “summit” of the Church. In the time of Reformation the teaching about the sacrificial character of Eucharist, about the real presence of Christ and about ministry became the subject of strong controversy. Thanks to the biblical category of anamnesis nowadays ecumenical dialogues marked out new perspectives in the understanding of Eucharist and new possibilities of inter-denominational convergences. The new rediscovery of the role of epiclesis constitutes in it a favourable factor. Despite many questions remaining still open, growing is the hope for common celebration of the Eucharist.

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Mauritius — the Paradise Island?

Author(s): Marta Oracz / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2015

The article interprets the novel “There is a Tide” by Lindsey Collen against the background of her article “Another Side of Paradise” and in the perspective of the political history of Mauritius. Both in the article and in the novel the central image is that of Mauritius as a paradise island, “There is a Tide” evoking the edenic imagery of Bernardin de Saint-Pierres’s novel “Paul and Virginia”. In Saint-Pierre’s utopian society there are neither ethnic nor class antagonisms. The idea of Mauritius as a Paradise island, where neither class nor ethnic struggles disrupt the ideal harmony, is questioned by Lindsey Collen. Mauritius, as it is presented to the reader of “There is a Tide”, turns out to be a place where people are divided along ethnic lines and along class lines, both divisions making the image of the island state in Collen’s novel contradict the view of Mauritius presented in de Saint-Pierre’s Paul and Virginia.

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L’Atlantide ou la quête de l’absence. „D’un pays sans amour” de Gilles Rozier

Author(s): Anna Żurawska / Language(s): French Issue: 10/2015

The novel “D’un pays sans amour” (2011) by Gilles Rozier features two narrators who try to recapture the past and to reconstruct with letters the “Yiddishland” annihilated after World War II. This vanished state, with its cultural capital situated in Warsaw, is called Atlantis in the novel and presented as a paradise in the yiddish literature and language. The choice of this metaphor encourages the reflection on the ambivalence between reality and fiction, as well as on the oppositions between presence and absence or memory and oblivion. What is more, this metaphor refers to the categories of time and space. The aim of this article is to examine the function of the Atlantis metaphor on which the novel is based and to analyze the mechanisms of narrative as memorial (on the basis of Paul Ricœur’s concept) which allow the narrator to rebuild the annihilated world of the mythical island and to bring the non-existent back into existence.

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Dialogiczny wymiar formacji ekumenicznej w wychowawczym procesie – postulaty i sugestie ekumeniczne

Author(s): Wojciech Hanc / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2015

The three parts of the paper aim to draw the issue from the arrangements concerning the dialogue in general, ecumenical dialogue, and the dialogical dimension in particular, which is studied from the perspective of a unique document agreed on in multilateral dialogue with the World Council of Churches and the Roman Catholic Church. The document (agreed on 20 May 1993) deals with the very concept and necessity for ecumenical formation on one hand, and presents some reflections and suggestions on the other. It also speaks about ecumenical formation as a process through which, thanks to the Holy Spirit, Christians of various denominations strive towards complete unity in faith, in the sacraments and the Church. Therefore the following means of formation should be pointed out: the study of the divine Word, preaching, catechesis, spiritual life, cooperation in various charity and social initiatives as well as its faith sharing circles, such as: families, parishes, schools, various associations, groups and ecclesial movements. The final part of the paper focuses on postulates.

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Dominique Kahang’a – éthique transculturelle de la vie face aux défis de la modernité: Pathos, Responsabilité et Destin

Author(s): César Mawanzi / Language(s): French Issue: 15/2015

In this paper the author attempts to determine a cross-cultural ethic. It shall be understood as a place, from which deliberations are made to critically contemplate the living situation of todays humans with the future in mind. The Principle of Responsibility of Hans Jonas provides a baseline for our reflection. In view of the world economic structures, the geostrategic and political parameters of the world, Globalisation reveals itself as a mechanism which leads to neoliberalism. The turbulences, wars, and actions of terrrorism deliver the evidence that the Great Powers have already been challenged to initiate a new world politic order which renounces violence. The method of cummunity (collaborative) ethic as developed by the Philosopher Dominique Kahang’a proceeds from the thought of consciousness of our ecology (environment) as well as a Dialog with the purpose of achieving peace between the religions and the nations. Human rights, national constitution and democratic values of a constitutional state are also being considered in African countries.

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Sur les alpages de La Salette. 170ème anniversaire de l’Apparition de la Vierge Marie

Author(s): Stanisław Jan Rabiej / Language(s): French Issue: 15/2015

The paper mentioned the time (twenty years ago) when the Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini (deceased August 31, 2012) gave a retirement in La Salette (at the time of the Italian national pilgrimage for the 150th anniversary of the Apparition of the Virgin Mary). At that time, it delivered a meditation on “the mystery of the suffering”. Since 170 years the words of Marie, by their simplicity and their rigour, keep a real topicality, in a world which always undergoes. The Sanctuary of Notre-Dame in La Salette, located in the Grenoble-Alps at 1787 m of altitude, accompanies the people by God, in the beautiful place. Already in May 1852 the bishop of Grenoble announced to diocesans the foundation of a large sanctuary comprising a church, the pilgrimage home, and the constitution of a special priest congregation for the service of the pilgrims. In the continuation the Missionaries of Notre-Dame of La Salette will exceed the limits of the diocese of Grenoble and the Hexagon for Norway, then Madagascar. The laws of the Republic anticlerical oblige them to emigrate towards the U.S.A., Italy, Belgium, Switzerland, Poland. Some of these establishments of the end of the 19th century will become the founders of new provinces. They are today about 920, present in twenty countries. Similarly, the Sisters Missionaries of Notre-Dame of La Salette, founded by the P. Crozet, and set up by the bishop of Soissons in its diocese in 1930. Today, they are 200 members in 9 countries (France, Brazil, Madagascar, Philippines, USA, Poland, Angola, Myanmar, Italy) – for any work of female apostolate.

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