Rola płynności przetwarzania w procesach wnioskowania społecznego z ekspresji mimicznej twarzy

Author(s): Piotr Winkielman,Michał Olszanowski / Language(s): Issue: 33/2015

This work examines the relation between emotion and social cognition in the context of evaluation of human facial expression. The presented study tests whether the effort of processing facial displays influences social judgments, such as intention clarity and willingness to meet. More precisely, we assume that facial displays of basic emotion have high fluency. This is reflected in fast categorization and easy attribution of social traits (e.g. anger – aggressive, happy – nice). However, unclear/ambiguous facial displays elicit disfluency. This difficulty of categorization and trait attribution causes negative reactions, which lowers social judgments. During the experiment participants saw pictures of emotional displays, each changing within 14 steps/frames into a different emotional category (e.g. angry to happy). Participants were asked to quickly categorize each picture on emotion, and then judge some displayer traits (e.g. intentions). Results support our hypothesis that faces with ambiguous emotional display are relatively devalued, as compared to the standard linear effect of positive expressive traits. We discuss possible consequences of categorization conflict on various sociocognitive processes.

“Vrhunac naše narodne umjetnosti na polju gastronomije”: semantički konzervativizam i kulinarski nacionalizam kranjske kobasice u prvoj Jugoslavij

Author(s): Jernej Mlekuž / Language(s): Issue: 2/2014

The Carniolan sausage played a significant role in the formation and development of the Slovene national consciousness from the Spring of Nations onward. It was the main Slovene culinary symbol, the Slovenian culinary flag, a dish which filled Slovenes not just with calories but with pride. But what happened with this dish which aroused immeasurable national pride and zeal during the period of the first Yugoslavia, a time of political, social and cultural change? As in the Austro-Hungarian period it remained the primary object of culinary nationalism and chauvinism - it was caught up in semantic conservatism to a significant degree. But even staunch, solid, stable national symbols such as the Carniolan sausage are (were) not completely conserved over time - i.e. independently of social, cultural, political, economic and many other changes.

Boško Buha i Pavlik Morozov: novi (jugoslavenski / sovjetski) čovjek u tijelu malenoga dječaka

Author(s): Danijela Lugarić / Language(s): Issue: 2/2014

Pavlik Morozov and Boško Buha are the first young heroes-victims in Soviet and Yugoslav cultures respectively who can be observed as models in the process of construing the New Man. These two New Men in a little boy’s body surprisingly resemble each other on several levels, ranging from visual representation to the articulation of their life paths in cultural texts. Both of them were brave under age fighters originating from the province who perished due to their loyalty to ideological regimes, thus becoming victim-idols used by political elites for the purposes of political manipulation. However, whereas Morozov served as an ideal model for the articulation of different Soviet ideas of the New Man, the image of Buha was a consequence of an entirely different political project and embodied one of the key ideas of the Yugoslav socialism: the one of fraternity and equality. This research paper covers several relevant questions by analyzing different cultural texts whose protagonists are Pavlik Morozov and Boško Buha. Firstly, to which extent was Morozov known in the cultures of the former Yugoslavia and did he serve the political elites as a model for the production of a Yugoslavian prototype of a young sacrifice for the greater good, i.e. for the creation of a (Soviet and/or Yugoslav) New Man in a little boy’s body even in spite of Tito’s “No” to Stalin? Secondly, to which “invented traditions” (Hobsbawm) do these two models refer and why was the Yugoslav government unable to “transfer” the model of Morozov in an unaltered form into the Yugoslav cultural discourse?

Medijska prezentacija žena pedesetih godina prošlog veka u Jugoslaviji: retradicionalizacija društva vs. emancipacije na primeru Autonomne pokrajine

Author(s): Smiljana Milinkov / Language(s): Issue: 2/2014

The aim of this paper is to point to the process of transformation of the women's role in the socialist Yugoslavia through a deconstruction of text and visual messages in the media. We use the method of media discourse analysis, critically examining the society and culture in which real interlocutors exchange messages.The study was performed on the corpus of writings of Slobodna Vojvodina/Dnevnik, a daily newspaper from the province of Vojvodina. The initial hypothesis is that, after a significant improvement in the status of women in the Yugoslav society and their active role in creating the socio-economic sphere from 1945 to 1950, with the beginning of self-government during the fifties there ensues a retraditionalization in terms of reducing the socio-political involvement of women and a mass "return" to the home and family. The patriarchalization of the society culminates before the wave of nationalism during the nineties and during the disintegration of the great Yugoslavia.

O odnosu mitskog i političkog u djelima Ernesta Laclaua

Author(s): Vedran Jerbić / Language(s): Issue: 2/2014

This paper deals with the conceptual relationship between the mythical and the political in the work of the political theorist Ernesto Laclau. The post-structuralist and post-Marxist perspective from which Laclau speaks is imbued with a strong anti-es-sentialist ethos and focuses on the deconstruction of naturalization and totalization in the signifying practice within the political field. For Laclau, the myth creates "a new space of representation" and thus appears as a critical point of order againstthe dominant discourse. In order to adequately respond to the problem analysed in this paper, we examine Laclau's distinction between the society and the social, as well as the concept of the social imaginary. We also briefly look back at some of the authors who influenced the theoretical position of Ernesto Laclau: Sorel, Schmitt, Derrida ...

In memoriam

Author(s): Naila Ceribašić / Language(s): Issue: 2/2014

In memoriam: Ruža Bonifačić (Zagreb, 30. 8. 1960. – Zagreb, 14. 9. 2014.)

Uvodnik

Author(s): Andrea Matošević / Language(s): Issue: 2/2014

Editorial

Od teatra do obreda: obredno prevrednovanje dramske izvedbe na primjeru misionarskog kazališta u Meksiku u 16. stoljeću

Author(s): Ivana Krpan / Language(s): Issue: 2/2014

The article analyses two cases of dramatic representation of the Spanish mysteries within the evangelization practice in the 16th centory Mexico. The mysteries were originally designed as a vivid presentation of the Christian doctrine, but when incorporated in the Eucharist and rites like Baptism and Communion, they obtained sacred and rite significance.

Telesni projekti i regulacija normativnog tela: uloga fizičke kulture u Jugoslaviji

Author(s): Ana Petrov / Language(s): Issue: 2/2014

This paper deals with the concept of physical culture as a project used for the formation of the Yugoslav identity and the creation of a new 'Yugoslav' body. I draw on the developments in the sociology of the body and the sociology of sport, discussing the ways in which the body is constructed by diverse discourses and practices. I analyze the activities of sports' associations and especially the work of The Yugoslav Association for Physical Training (Savez za fizičku kulturu Jugoslavije). The Yugoslav body was formed gradually, by regulating concrete norms and rules that defined body practices in the Yugoslav society and that represented an attempt to incorporate the socialist ideology into everyday lives. What was firstly defined discursively in fact had an impact on the real practices of everyday lives in the Yugoslav society, and symbolically formed a community of unified bodies and recognisable body practices. Having in mind Josip Broz Tito's proclamation that his birthday should be "the day of our youth, sport, young people and their continuing physical and spiritual progress" (1956), I point to the ways in which physical culture organized the Yugoslav society physically and aesthetically and incorporated movements from gymnastics into a broader concepts of united Yugoslav youth presented in public celebrations, the most typical being The Relay of Youth (Štafeta mladosti).

Postjugoslovenske autorke pišu Jugoslaviju: traganje za izgubljenom prošlošću i njegove književne posledice

Author(s): Tijana Matijević / Language(s): Issue: 2/2014

This paper presents an analysis of works of contemporary women writers from Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia, offering an explanation of how the discussions of post-Yugoslav literature were possible in the first place and what the essential features of this literature would be. The search for the past is one of the basic literary pursuits of post-Yugoslav women writers. The past in question is a Yugoslav past. However, even though the facts show that Yugoslavia did exist, it existed in the past, which means that it no longer exists. The ambivalence of the simultaneous fictional and real existence of Yugoslavia creates congruence between the status of literature (which is also defined by its relation towards the real and the fictional) and the status of the past. This congruence is developed further through melancholy, ultimately literarizing the melancholy of the past, thus making it an element of the literary text. The use of ironic, autofictional and metafictional strategies creates one of the chronotopes of post-Yugoslav literature - Yugoslavia as the past.

Kućni trošak pelješke obitelji Braenović s kraja 19. stoljeća: izvor za iščitavanje svakodnevice

Author(s): Jasenka Maslek / Language(s): Issue: 2/2014

The paper analyses the income and expenditure inventories of the Braenović family, landowners from Gruda near Potomje on the Pelješac Peninsula at the close of the nineteenth century, based on their family records which served as the main source for this research. After an introductory survey of the broader social conditions in which the family lived and worked, the paper focuses on the family's everyday life from 1894 to 1897, documented in detail by the expenditure records and the inventories of the purchased items by price. The available data provides an insight into the customs, clothing and family everyday life, but also into labourers' daily wages and their value with regard to the prices cited in the household expenditure. The records of the family wine trade and the income from the wine harvest and wine sales give a clear view of their financial status. On the basis of a detailed list of all expenditures over a period of several years in succession, a parallel is drawn between the income in 1896 and the expenditure in the following year, 1897. The results unquestionably show that the family under study were well-established landowners whose daily expenditures by far exceeded the current economic conditions and fell under luxury. Family records of the sale and prices of wine during the great wine conjuncture are a most valuable source for drawing comparison with the regional wine trade and a proof of varied development conditions of this economic activity and its reflection on the demographic sphere.

Kako se kalio “fića”: jugoslovenski radnici i italijanska tehnologija u Crvenoj zastavi, 1955.–1962.

Author(s): Marko Miljković / Language(s): Issue: 2/2014

This article presents an analysis of the initial period of the development of modern automobile industry in Yugoslavia (1955-1962), based on a case study of the Crvena zastava automobile factory. Analyzing different aspects of the cooperation between the Crvena zastava factory and the Italian FIAT on this project, this paper focuses on the problems in the transfer and adoption of modern Italian technology into the Yugoslav system of workers' self-management of the factories. One part of the analysis deals with the results that this process had on the creation of the specific Yugoslav model of industrial production, which was a combination of socialist and capitalist production practices. Finally, as the most visible result of the development of this hybrid model of industrial production, "fića" is seen as a symbol of success of the process of rapid industrialization of Yugoslavia after the Second World War, and of the process of creation of the Yugoslav working class.

CUPRINS – CONTENT – SOMMAIRE – INHALT

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Issue: 3/2011

contents of studia 3/2011

Contents

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Issue: 01/2007

Sadržaj

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Issue: 50/2010

TOC of the Issue 50/2010

Contents

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Issue: 1/2014

Sadržaj

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Issue: 33/2006

TOC of the Issue 33/2006

Summary

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Issue: 1-2/2008

Efekt sformułowania (framing effect): zaangażowanie poznawczego wysiłku a wpływ kontekstualnych informacji o zysku lub stracie na podejmowanie decyzji

Author(s): Krzysztof Przybyszewski,Dorota Rutkowska / Language(s): Issue: 34/2015

Framing effect is observed in decisions under risk. It manifests itself in change of preferences about choice between certain and uncertain (risky) options and occurs due to the influence of the gain or loss domain in which the choice takes place. In the gain domain the decision makers tend to prefer a sure gain over the risky gain while in the loss domain they prefer the risky loss over the sure loss. The key controversy about the nature of the framing effect pertains to the question whether the effect is caused by effortless information processing or whether it is produced by investment of cognitive effort into analysis of the decision problem. The article presents the review of empirical studies which support both views. In the first part we discuss research in which the amount of cognitive effort involved in making choices was inferred from individual qualities of the decision makers. In the second part we present studies that demonstrate the influence of situational conditions on involvement of cognitive effort in decision making in gain or loss domains. The third part contains the review of studies which examine the relationship between properties of the process of decision making and the amount of cognitive effort invested by a decision maker. Finally, we seek to integrate these findings that suggest that cognitive effort is not only the factor that prevents the framing effect, but also, under certain circumstances, it may be directly responsible for its occurrence.

Markery Wielkiej Szóstki polskiego leksykonu osobowości w badaniach samoopisowych

Author(s): Oleg Gorbaniuk,Ewelina Włodarska / Language(s): Issue: 34/2015

The aim of the study was (1) to develop a short adjective scale to measure the Big Six Polish lexical personality factors, (2) to determine the extent to which Five-Factor Model of personality by Costa and McCrae reflects the Polish lexicon used to describe personality, and (3) to establish some of their psychological correlates (self-esteem, social desirability) and demographic correlates (gender, age, education, etc.), relevant from the theoretical and methodological point of view. The study involved 283 people aged 16 to 83 years (M = 37.51 years, SD = 14.38 years), 47.8% were male and 52.2% – women. The results allowed us to develop a 60-adjective list with good psychometric indices, in terms of its internal congruity and stability, a low correlation between the scales and moderate sensitivity to social desirability comparable to the NEO--FFI. We established that Five-Factor Model of personality is largely convergent with the basic dimensions of Polish lexicon of personality in terms of Conscientiousness and Extraversion, significantly coincides with the Emotional Instability, while in the case of Agreeableness and Openness to Experience likeness is average. Despite the minor differences, the general psychological and demographic correlates of self-rating with a list of adjective measuring the Big Six and NEO-FFI are similar, which indirectly proves that the two models essentially refer to the same psychological reality.