Alıcı-Tedarikçi İlişki Kalitesinin Endüstriyel Müşteri Memnuniyeti Üzerindeki Etkileri: Otel İşletmeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Seyit Ahmet SOLMAZ,Oğuz Türkay / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2019

In the marketing literature, customer satisfaction has generally examined in terms of ultimate customers. Customer satisfaction is also valid for enterprises. In this study, customer satisfaction has examined in terms of industrial customers. Aim of the study is to determine effects of relationships hotels and their suppliers on level of satisfaction. With this purpose, an empirical research was carried out on 320 four and five stars hotels that located in Antalya and Istanbul in Turkey. Data obtained from the survey was analysed by statistical methods. Results indicated that hotels satisfied with their suppliers. However, findings suggested that buyer-supplier relationships has also positive and significant effects on industrial customer satisfaction.

Rus Turistlerin Tekrar Ziyaret Etme Niyetlerinin Demografik Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi

Author(s): Caner KÜÇÜKER,Ülker ÇOLAKOĞLU,Gülseren YURCU / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2019

Purpose of the study is to investigate the intention of the tourists visiting Alanya and Kemer region according to the demographic variables. In the research, field research from quantitative research methods was used. In this study conducted to reveal the perceptions of tourists visiting again, data were obtained from 364 tourists visiting Alanya and Kemer regions in Antalya. In the data analysis, t-test and ANOVA were used as well as descriptive statistics. As a result of data analysis, while the tourist perceptions of tourists visiting these regions were not different according to gender, marital status age and income status, there was a difference according to educational status and destinations. Graduates of education by level of education, the average revisit intention of the Kemer region as destination was higher.

Akdeniz Ülkelerinde Turizm Sektörünün Ekonomik Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Author(s): Gonca MANAP DAVRAS,Ayşegül Baykul / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2019

Countries in the Mediterranean basin have an important place in world tourism in terms of tourism destinations. The contribution of these countries, which are an important part of world tourism mobility, to the national economy in the context of tourism sector has been examined in many studies. However, there is no study about the economic activities of the countries in this basin. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the economic activities of the tourism sector in the countries whose data can be accessed from international tourism destinations evaluated within the scope of the Mediterranean country. In the study, efficiency comparison was made by using four input and two output variables related to the economic efficiency of the tourism sector of the nineteen countries whose data are available. In this study, domestic tourism expenditures, leisure time expenditures, business travel expenditures and investments in travel and tourism industry were used as input variables. In order to ensure the homogeneity of the variables, the data of the countries for 2017 are taken from the Travel and Tourism Economic Impact (WTTC 2018) reports. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to measure the economic efficiency of countries. DEA is a non-parametric linear programming method used to estimate efficiency and capacity utilization, effectively defining the production limit. According to the findings, the top five countries are Cyprus, Algeria, Libya, Italy and Albania, respectively.

Centuria-jelzések aquincumi feliratos emlékeken

Author(s): Bence Fehér / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

We have not known about the centurial signs of the Roman legions for all that long, and there are no stone inscriptions in Pannonia where they can be found. Among the instrumenta domestica inscriptions of Aquincum and its surroundings two occurrences have been identified. The first object (see fig. 1) is a bronze disc, found c. 1954 in Budapest–Albertfalva, which mentions the centuria hastata posterior. The other (see fig. 2) is a wall brick (later), which was found c. 1931 in Aquincum. The inscription was misinterpretated by J. Szilágyi, in 1950, concluding that it was about a freedwoman, with interesting (but by no means true) consequences on the nature of slavery in Pannonia. The correct reading refers to the centuria hastata posterior of a certain Iulius Apicius, and a factory controller named Claudius Dubitatus. The hastata posterior, being the lowest rank, was evidently in charge of the brick production.

Hitvalló Szt. Maximos kora

Author(s): Miklós Vassányi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

In this article the author tries to offer a synthetic view of what may be labelled as “Maximus’s age,” that is, approximately of the first two thirds of the seventh-century in Byzantium. Several different historical sources are first listed and analysed in order of their historical reliability with respect to Maximus’s life and work. In a second approach, their content is presented in order that a relatively full picture may be gained of the general historical, ecclesiastic and religious tendencies of this very troubled time, which, among many other things, saw the almost deadly Persian invasion into the Empire, and the rise of Islam. This vista is offered in view of two other studies to come, which shall deal with Maximus’s life story and the reconstruction of his vast oeuvre. In the present text it is argued that without this historical context, the determinative events in Maximus’s life cannot be understood, and that certain strands in his theology are also closely linked up with the difficult circumstances of the Church, just like his tragic fate.

Mátyás király 1467. évi moldvai hadjárata

Author(s): László Szokola / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

The result of the Moldavian campaign is a controversial issue between Hungarian and Romanian historians. There are two reasons for this: on the one hand, the controversial content of sources; on the other, the national interests. The aim of the present paper is to give a collection of sources and views, then to compare and to analyse them. The campaign in question was the last Hungarian attempt to re-establish suzerainty in Moldavia. The campaign was led by the king himself. Initially, the Hungarian army seized and destroyed Bacău, Roman and Târgu-Neamţ, and finally arrived in Baia. The Moldavians were encamped farther from Baia, between the Moldova River and Şomuz. Overnight the leader of the Moldavians, Stephen the Great, sent detachments to set the town on fire, and then the Moldavians attacked the Hungarian camp. But the Hungarian army repulsed and destroyed them in a bloody battle. However the Hungarians left the town after three days. The retreating Hungarian army, on its way to Transylvania, was stopped by a blockade, but they were able to break through it. In my opinion, the campaign was unsuccessful but not a defeat, since the Voivod Stephen could not defeat the Hungarian army; however, he did not come under Matthias’s influence.

A kulturális és nemzeti identitás megfogalmazása Japánban és Közép-Európában a 18-19. században

Author(s): Mária Ildikó Farkas / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

Kokugaku of the Edo period can be seen as a key factor in defining cultural (and national) identity based on Japanese cultural heritage in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Kokugaku focused on Japanese classics, on exploring, studying and reviving (or even inventing) ancient Japanese language, literature, myths, history and also political ideology. ‘Japanese culture’ as such was distinguished from Chinese (and all other) cultures, and thus ‘Japanese identity’ was defined. Meiji scholars used kokugaku conceptions of Japan to construct a modern nationalism that was not simply derived from Western models and was not purely instrumental, but made good use of pre-modern and culturalist conceptions of community. The role of pre-modern cultural identity in the formation of modern Japanese (national) identity – following mainly Miroslav Hroch’s comparative and interdisciplinary theory of national development – can be examined in comparison with the ‘national awakening’ movements of the peoples of EastCentral Europe. Before modernity, in the shadow of a cultural and/or political ‘monolith’ (China for Japan, and Germany for Central Europe), ethnic groups or communities started to evolve their own identities with cultural movements focusing on their own language and culture, thus creating a new type of community, the nation. A comparative examination of texts (discourses) illustrates that similar modes of argumentation (narratives) can be identified in these movements: ‘language’ as the primary bearer of collective identity, the role of language in culture and ‘culture’ as the main common attribute of the community; as well as similar aspirations to explore, search and develop the native language, ‘genuine’ culture, and ‘original’ traditions. This comparative research offering ‘development patterns’ for interpretation can help us understand how ‘cultural identity’ played an important role in the formation of national identity, with its effect (‘cultural nationalism’) present even today in Japan and in Central Europe, too.

A cattarói matrózlázadás

Author(s): Sándor György / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

In spite of the fact that the Cattaro Mutiny lasted only three days, it was a very significant episode in the history of the Austro-Hungarian Navy. On 1 February 1918 seditious sailors took over several old battleships and armored cruisers and auxiliary ships at the Cattaro naval station. The rebellion was caused mostly by social problems and general insensitivity and shortage of sustenance but also had a national side in the multiethnic Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. The mutiny ended with only a few casualties and was followed only by minor sanctions but played quite a meaningful role in the dissolution of the Monarchy. Both Czechslovakian and Hungarian communists considered the events as the root of their struggle and the first milestone in their revolution. Due to the political tension, researching the events of February 1918 was difficult until 1990, and previous works on the events were written from the angle of class war and were loaded with ideology. As such, it is necessary to reconsider and re-research the topic as well as the complete history of the Austro-Hungarian Navy with an ideology-free approach.

Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière és az U-35

Author(s): Krisztián Fekete / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

The study includes the biography of Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière and a description of the submarine, the U-35, which he commanded in the First World War. Perière was the most successful submarine commander of all time; his record is unrepeatable. As the commander of U-35 he sunk an amount of 575 387 GRT freight space, which represents approximately 3,08% of the total Antant (Allied) naval losses of the First World War. The study includes the U-35 submarine’s technical data and the description of his military operations. Perière and his submarine used out-dated techniques against the ships, mostly the deck gun to sink a merchant ship; moreover, Perière’s success also shows that ships’ protection against submarines in the First World War was under-developed. The convoy system was weak and rarely-used, mostly utilised only at the end of the war. The Second World War was strongly influenced by submarine war. All navies in the world drew some lessons from the First World War. Perière’s life and the U-35 foreshadowed the future submarine commanders and the performance of the submarine weapon effectiveness in the Second World War and in the Cold War.

Entstehung und Entwicklung der Nationalallegorie Germania an Beispielen der politischen Kunst veranschaulicht

Author(s): Anita Répa / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2016

National identity is represented in modern times by national symbols like flags, emblems and anthems. The article discusses another, old and traditional way of expressing national togetherness – the national allegory. It shall aim to reconstruct, by examining its various manifestations, the process of awakening and change of national consciousness. How this interaction precisely looks and what kind of messages and ideas have been communicated is demonstrated by the specific example of Germania, the German national allegory. This martial woman has been present from the earliest times, from the first Germanic tribes to the present, and the perception of her signifies different periods of becoming an independent, organic community. These stages divide the study into four topical sections. The Germania of the ancient times is not yet a national allegory; she stands for the barbarian Germanic peoples and reflects the Roman perspective. An important turning point is defined by her return a thousand years later: the national identification occurs and Germania will be called on as a national allegory to create a bridge to a glorious past. An era follows with a continuous increase in Germania’s political importance. This comes to a climax in the revolutionary 19th century: quite new and complex, artistically moulded and narratively elaborated variations of the allegory appear. The last portion deals with forgetting and mentions historical and psychological causes for the disappearance of this basic figure. The article ends with some hypothetical thoughts and an outlook on the future.

A barna táska. Egy hadifogoly naplója és levelezése 1914–1918

Author(s): Áron Bakos / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

A barna táska. Egy hadifogoly naplója és levelezése 1914–1918. Válogatta és közreadja: Kornis Anna és Takács Ferenc. Noran Libro, Budapest, 2015.

„A néppel tűzön vízen át!” Nemzetőrjelvény – Tudományos konferencia a nemzetőrségről

Author(s): Sándor György / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

Bokodi-Oláh Gergely (szerk.): „A néppel tűzön vízen át!” Nemzetőrjelvény – Tudományos konferencia a nemzetőrségről. Budapest, Az 1956-os Nemzetőrség Hagyományápoló Tanácsa, 2014, 70 p.

Feltárás az el-Hoha domb déli oldalán a TT 184 számú sír (Nefermenu) körzetében – 2014

Author(s): Zoltán Imre Fábián / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2016

Report on the 2014 season of the Hungarian Archaeological Mission working in the upper section of the el-Khokha hillock: excavation in the rock cut forecourt of TT 184 (Nefermenu, Dynasty 19), the forecourt of TT 412 (Qen-Amun, Dynasty 18), and the secondary, TIP (?) shaft tomb in TT 185 (Seny-iqer, late Old Kingdom), with the necessary reconstruction and restoring activities of the monuments and epigraphic documentation of the wall decoration.

A homérosi Hermés-himnusz mint teremtésmítosz

Author(s): Anna Judit Tóth / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2016

In her excellent study on the Hymn to Hermes, Clay interpreted the text as a special creation myth. The goal of Hermes, the last-born among the gods, is to be accepted by the pantheon of the Olympian gods, and through this struggle he adds his principium, which is the ability of moving and changing, to the perfect but still static universe. In my interpretation, the theme of the hymn is not the ‘identity crisis’ of Hermes. Rather, the result of his actions is the integration of the periphery, of nature, of the titanic and chaotic aspects of the world into the order of the kosmos, as the last step of the creation. Hermes arrives from the peripheries of the mythical world: his ancestors are titans, his mother is a nymph, he was born from an extramarital relationship, he lives in the remote and primitive Arcadia. As a trickster deity he was issuing a direct challenge to the Olympian order, attacking his half-brother Apollo, and demanding his main divine function, divination. The poet presents the young god as a danger to the order of the Olympus, but at the same time he takes the edge off the conflict by the characterization of Hermes: he is a child for whom the meaning of truth is not the same as for an adult and the strict oppositions of the world are blurred in his mind. This quality is also the source of his creative intelligence. When he meets the turtle, for example, he sees the lyre, while Apollo is unable to recognise the lyre even when seeing it. In the context of the hymn Hermes is a counterpart of Prometheus correcting the sins of the Titan: he invents a way of lighting fire without stealing the possession of Zeus, he invents a new form of divine banquet without offending the gods as Prometheus did.

Xenophanész és „a filozófusok istene”

Author(s): Emese Mogyoródi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2016

The article addresses the issue of the rise of theological speculation proper within Greek philosophy. Delineating the criteria that distinguish earlier theistic cosmologies from theology, it argues that genuine theological concerns might be attributed to Xenophanes as its earliest Greek representative. Xenophanes᾽ speculations on divinity must be distinguished from those of his Ionian predecessors not only on the grounds that he puts reasoning (of an a priori kind) directly in the service of a coherent reflection on the nature of god rather than on that of ‘the divine’ (the first criterion for θεολογία, characteristic of ‘natural theology’), but also because of his (ethico-religious) practical concerns. His God is not posited to serve as an ultimate metaphysical or physical principle or cause (‘the god of the philosophers’), but is characterized as a truly eternal, omnipotent and omniscient supreme person, worthy of a more profound religious reverence than the gods of Homer and Hesiod. Hence, θεολογία in Xenophanes is not merely ‘rational thought’ about the divinity, but also ‘reverent speech’ befitting the sublimity of the supreme Godhead (the second criterion for θεολογία, functionally equivalent to ‘supernatural theology’). Through speaking of God and calling for worshipping Him by ‘reverent myths (μῦθοι) and pure words (λόγοι)’ (B1.14), Xenophanes not only created theologia, but performed it, hence ( factually) turning it into cultic practice (the third characteristics of Xenophanean θεολογία, in the purview of ‘political’ or ‘civic theology’). Thus, the earliest Greek theology proper is opposed only to ‘mythical theology’, but its ‘natural’, ‘supernatural’ and ‘political’ aspects are deeply intertwined. It is further concluded that at the birth of Greek theology philosophy served neither as a handmaid, nor as an opponent, but as a midwife.

Görög teológia a Scipio-körben

Author(s): Gergely Mohay / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2016

Some members of the Scipionic circle have a common theological theme: it concerns the features of chance or luck and the correct behaviour towards it. There is a marked difference between how members of the Scipionic circle and Romans before the 2nd century BC conceived of casus/ fortuna/tyche. It is possible that this important Greek theme found its way to Rome through the Scipionic circle. In order to confirm this hypothesis, I first reconstructed all the theologically relevant notions of the two Greek members of the circle, i.e. Panaetius and Polybius. Then I investigated the theological concepts of the Roman members of the circle.

Éva éneke?

Author(s): Csaba Ötvös / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2016

The common passages between the Tractate without Title on the Origin of the World (NHC II,5) and the Bronte (NHC VI,2) are well known and these were disputed in the scholarly literature. The OW is a tractate that comprises cosmological, anthropological and eschatological teachings, the Bronte gives a self revelation of a feminine divine figure. The author, date and the place of creation are unknown in both cases but supposedly both writings come from the second century Alexandria and remained in the Nag Hammadi Library. In this examination, I introduce firstly the related passages and investigate their close contexts in their own writing. Then, based on the results of the scholarly literature I re-examine the common passages and make an attempt to interpret the theological speculations of their similar symbolism in the light of the Mariological and ecclesiological teachings of the contemporary Christian literature.

A műalkotások értékbecslése a toszkán reneszánsz művészetben. Stimák és lodók

Author(s): Manga Pattantyús / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2016

Among the written sources of Italian Renaissance art, a substantial number of contracts have survived. From them we can tell that the honoraria for commissioned works of art could be paid to the artist in a variety of ways. Not in every instance was the honorarium a specific sum decided upon when the contract was written; the two parties – artist and client – sometimes agreed that the fee would be determined by means of a valuation. In such cases, the valuation would be made after the work was completed. The practice of setting prices through valuation was quite customary in this period for both private and corporate commissions. The valuations were performed by specially-appointed experts, who were themselves artists in the majority of cases. Their number was regulated by the statutes of the guilds. In general there were two valuers, but there could be more; in any event, the two parties – artist and client – had to be represented equally. We are less well-informed about the criteria by which the valuations were carried out, but we do know that it was not, primarily, an aesthetic judgment; rather, it was a quantitative and qualitative assessment of how well the expectations and provisions set forth in the contract had been met. The documents that record valuations of this kind are known by the terms stima and lodo.

Ficino bibliográfia 2011-ig, különös tekintettel a De vita című művére

Author(s): Monika Frazer-Imregh / Language(s): English,German,Italian Issue: 2/2016

This is a bibliography up to 2011 for Marsilio Ficino’s life, works and philosophy, his impact on later philosophers and with a special interest on his Three Books on Life.

Vekerdi József (1927–2015)

Author(s): Imre Bangha / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2016