We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The study presents and interprets two collections of Hungarian missionary photographs – photographs in the Ethnological Archives of the Hungarian Museum of Ethnography, and the photography bequest kept in the archives of the Hungarian Province of the Society of Jesus – in comparison with similar examples from other countries. The nearly six hundred photos in the Museum of Ethnography arrived in the country in 1896 from various missionaries operating across the world, responding to the call of Kispest vicar, Antal Ribényi. This is currently the oldest and largest known missionary photography collection in the country. The Jesuit collection was created 20-30 years later, between the two world wars. It is made up of photographs taken at the Hungarian Jesuit mission in Taming, and photographic materials created and used for the promotion of the missions, primarily associated with the Catholic Missions (Katolikus Missziók)magazine published by the order. Regarding the format and use, this collection– similarly to missionary photography elsewhere – comprises three basic groups of images: missionaries’ photo albums, projection slides for presentations, and images printed in various missionary publications. The study follows this tri- partite division, focusing on the subject matter of the images, as well as their composition, their visually conveyed messages, and their changes across time. It concludes that the photography associated with missionary activities and use of images was consciously designed as a communication tool to be used in an intercultural space, and it served multiple aims for various target groups.
More...
Kujbusné Mecsei Éva (szerk.) – Nagy Pál (összeáll.): „Emberi hajlékot a putrik helyett!” Roma élet képekben az 1950-es években. (A Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg Megyei Levéltárának Kiadványai II. Közlemények, 50.) Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg Megyei Levéltár, Nyíregyháza, 2018. 78 oldal.
More...
Mold words that have molded by being settled slowly through historical process help for expressing feelings and thoughts in response to various situations ranging from birth to death, marriage to leaving or joining together. ‘Alkış’ (blessing) and ‘kargıs’ (curse) are the components of the routines (speech acts, relational utterances) which are influenced by the cultural background of a given society end thus used. The ‘alkış’ and kargış’ have managed to survive with all the customs they reserved until today. ‘Alkış’ and ‘kargış’ are one of our oral cultural elements which demonstrate the effects and the power of the language on humans by being used commonly as well as being supportive for the dynamics of social life. The word “alkış” is defined as “a prayer, a blessing, a benediction, a glorification, a laudation, a praise and a dignification”. It is possible to find numerous examples for the verbal traditions from our folk songs. There are also lots of examples for ‘alkış’ and ‘kargış’ in the Turkish folk songs in general. Since the Black Sea region is a place where the tradition for singing “atma” has been still carried out, it reserves the examples for ‘alkış’ and ‘kargış’ in lots of Turkish folk songs. This study examines, examples of alkış from Turkish folk music from Black Sea region.
More...
Due to various reasons, culture can change and develop over time. The most important task in determining these stages of development and change of culture is to scientists and researchers. Local researchers have also made significant contributions to folk culture studies. Due to the rather late start in the history of folklore studies in Turkey, while many folklore materials were waiting to be compiled, local researchers contributed to this process through their compilation and review studies. One of the researchers serving the Turkish culture is Süleyman Kazmaz. He has many important works on Turkish culture, especially the folk culture of the province of Rize. Kazmaz began his studies of folklore under the influence of nationalist movements. The idea that having a strong culture is a means of continuing the existence of the nation and therefore giving importance to culture has directed him to serve the Turkish culture. He has tried to reveal the cultural richness of the region with his studies, argued that national culture should be the basis in all branches of art. In this article, the opinions and suggestions of Süleyman Kazmaz, who has important contributions to Turkish culture and especially to the Rize folk culture in this area, has been studied.
More...
Oghuznamas are the works of wise men with white beard describing the historical, religious and socio-cultural backgrounds of the Oghuz tribes. These epics, which are perceived as a core in the mythological period, reflect the characteristics of the periods in which they were both oral and written. Events by Oguz Khan and his Alps bear the traces pre-Islam and post-Islam. This study is about the distribution of orun (place) and share (ülüş) included in the Oguznamas using the Document (Content) Analysis method. The knowledge has been provided about the origin and meaning of the words Orun and Ülüş. Aforementioned words in Turkish states and communities were also traced. It was understood that in the most general sense, Orun expressed the "place", but also had the meanings of "rank and position. The Researchers who studied on the subject of orun stated that the division made by legendary or historical rulers became a law. While Ülüş is defined as “share and lot, it is observed in the Turkish states that the ülüş was given according to the orun. It is obvious that in Oghuznama, defined as the great epic or circular epic, there is position and share without mentioning the name of orun. It was understood that orun and orunnama were used in the Şecere-i Terâkime, Andalip Oghuznama and Dânâ Ata Oghuznama.. The concept of ülüş was appointed by the Vizier Irkıl Hodja during the period of Kun Khan in the Oghuznama of Residuddin. Onguns were also created by him in this period. The first division was made by Prophet Noah in the Reşideddin Oghuznama in which the effect of Islam could be seen. Thus, the legendary or historical ruler is replaced by a prophet. In the works of the Mongolian circle written under the influence of Oguznamas, sharing and position were seen, but both words were not recorded. Ülüş is divided according to the orun among the Turks. The distribution of orun and ülüş changed in the course of time according to the status.
More...
The article briefly considers the history of the small nation - the Turks of Ahiska. The conclusions concerning the Genesis of this nation, the area of its historical settlement. The difficult conditions of the formation and historical development of Ahiska, caused by discriminatory policies towards them, primarily on the part of the Russian and Soviet governments, are emphasized. This policy had a clear tendency to tighten, thus, during the Russian Empire, only discriminatory measures were applied to the Ahiska Turks, then in the times of the Soviet Union deportation, as one of the most extreme forms of discrimination against an ethnic minority, became the country's main political method. At the same time, the collapse of the Soviet Union further complicated the lives of the Ahiska Turks. Hence, in Uzbekistan, they became objects of political repression and ethnic cleansing. In Armenia, as a result of the escalation of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, they became refugees and in Russia they were subject to discrimination by the authorities and the Cossack community as they settled on the territory of the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories. During the 1990s frequent ethnic riots began to erupt in these regions. At present, the Ahiska Turks are still far from solving the problems of national consolidation and return to their homeland. The article describes the individual stages of discriminatory policy, the main "waves" of deportation of Ahiska, in connection with which the conclusion is drawn that it is the government of the Russian Federation should be held responsible for the repatriation of Аkhyskins in their desired places of residence. The most realistic direction of the repatriation of Ahiska, namely the Republic of Turkey, is determined.
More...
Historically, the most significant changes in the demographical structure of Anatolia have occurred in the last 150 years. In the last two centuries of the Ottoman Empire, the territories began to shrink as a result of the weakening of the Empire, losing wars and thus, losing significant portions of lands. The region that was affected most from this territorial shrinking process was Anatolia, which was considered as a safe haven at the nucleus of the Ottoman Empire.It is a commonly held view that the Ottoman-Russian War of 1877-1878 (the War of ‘93) was a critical point for the demographic structure of Anatolia. As a result of the disastrous defeat suffered at the hands of the Tsarist Russia the Muslim populations of the Balkans immigrated en masse to the Anatolian territories. This immigration wave left lasting effects on the demographic structure of the Ottoman Empire while at the same time creating the opportunity for the Balkan nations to constitute their nation-states. The independence movements in the Balkans were followed by the political changes in the Caucasian region and the Muslims of Crimea and Caucasia began to flood into Anatolia in large numbers beginning in the 1860s. The new “national” Turkish state, founded after the War of National Struggle in the first quarter of the 20th century, has been well established on a sociological basis in terms of nation-building with the integration of the Muslim refugees from the Balkans and the Caucasus with the native Muslim population of Anatolia.This nation-building process of modern Turkey during the first half of the 20th century was closely examined by the American officials who compiled a social and demographic map of Turkey.
More...
The work of the icon painter form Bansko Dimitar Molerov, who was one of the best Bulgarian artists from the National Revival Period, has not been comprehensively studied yet. Particularly unspecified is the period since 1816 till 1832 when he painted some of his first and well-known up to the present day icons.
More...
Jelica Belović-Bernadzikowska’s (1870–1946) life and work provide considerable insight into the conditions surrounding the new types of professional women of the early 20th century. Her extensive published work transcended categories of pedagogy, social commentary, feminism and ethnography and appeared in a variety of formats from fiction to academic writing. This essay deals with a brief portion of Belović-Bernadzikowska’s life; the period from 1902 to 1914, in which she successfully transformed herself and her public persona from a schoolteacher in the schools of Bosnia and Herzegovina into a respected ethnographer and expert on women’s textiles. This was not a voluntary transformation; she was forced into a new career in 1902 when she was relieved of her position as a teacher by the Provincial Government. How she accomplished a professional reinvention is the topic of this essay; but she experienced other personal and political changes as well – including a rejection of her native Croat patriotism in favor of greater sympathy with the Serbs. These reinventions took several years, but a significant signpost of her growing success appeared in 1909. At this point she began to write for the scholarly (albeit controversial) German-language journal, Anthropophyteia, published by the renowned Balkan ethnographer and sexologist Friedrich Salomo Krauss. With a growing reputation outside the Slavic lands, Jelica was on her way to achieving the academic, scholarly acclaim she craved. For a time, she hoped to break through the gendered barriers that restricted female writers among the Southern Slavs.
More...
Nyári Denisz: A kelet-szlavóniai magyarok a két világháború között. / Mađari istočne slavođu dvaju svjetskih ratova.Zrínyi Magyar Kultúrkör, Eszék–Osijek, 2017. 150 oldal.
More...
Fejős Zoltán: „Mert abban az időben lehetett vándorolni”.A cigándi amerikások emlékezete.Cigánd Város Önkormányzata, Cigánd, 2017. 336 oldal.
More...