Етнокултурен модел на историческото съзнание през българското средновековие

Author(s): Valeri Katzounov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 7/1991

The problem of the historical consciousness of the peoples is too wide and not yet well enough researched area in the sphere of the social sciences. In a sense it is a part of a much wider problem of the ethnical consciousness and self-consciousness. The article makes a detailed and critical review of accessible home and foreign publications. On the basis of their review, the author reveals his own understanding upon the raised questions in the specialized literature. A detailed analysis is made on the relations: national consciousness and self-consciousness and historical consciousness and self-consciousness. An original model is built of the historical consciousness considered with the peculiarities of the social development in the different periods of the Bulgarian history for the time from the 7th to the first half of the 18th century. An original principal scheme is presented of composition of ethnical self-consciousness as individual human reflection of a concrete socioimportant ideas. According to the author, this is a complex of complicated, interweaved and mutually connected ideas from which basic are: the idea of community of the origin (from the idea of ethnical identity); the idea of the community of the historical fate (from the idea of a political organization, the idea of state system in society); the idea of cultural peculiarities (from the idea of cultural identity, for cultural community of the society).The first two most precisely reveal the sense of the concepts “historical consciousness” and “historical self-consciousness”.

УВОДНИ ДУМИ

Author(s): Vesselka Toncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2014

Български език, спомени за българско минало и (твърде) динамично настояще. Две съвременни автохтонни краеведски книги от Югоизточна Албания

Author(s): Valentin Geshev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2014

Голо Брдо. Белешке о насељима, пореклу становиштва народном животу и обичаjима, Скопље, 1940

Author(s): Milenko Filipovich / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 8/2014

Local Cosmopolitans: A Study of Barkas neighborhood in Hyderabad

Author(s): Cătălina-Ioana Pavel / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Drawing from M. N. Pearson’s and Enseng Ho’s concept of “local cosmopolitanism,” I propose to study the neighborhood of Barkas in Hyderabad as a representation of how cosmopolitanism works in small communities where the people, while embedded in local relations, also maintain connections with distant places, thus articulating a relation between different geographical scales. Barkas is inhabited by people of an African origin, the Hadrami people from Hadramawt in Yemen, from where they came to Hyderabad to become part of the Nizam’s army. When they reached India, they were given land to build their own barracks (this is also how the neighborhood got its present name) and after the Nizam’s rule ended, most of them stayed back.

Roma voices in history. A sourcebook. Roma civic emancipation in Central, South-eastern and Eastern Europe from the 19th Century until World War II

Author(s): Magdalena Slavkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

Book Review

Енциклопедично изследване на национално-териториалните конфликти в Източна Европа от 30-те – 40-те години, осъществено от един историк

Author(s): Iskra Baeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

Book Review

Увод

Author(s): Snezhana Yoveva-Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 12/2016

The new "ONGAL" thematic volume - "BULGARIANS ABROAD - SO CLOSE SO FAR" allows for two approaches towards observing the ethno profile of our compatriots around the world: a scientific/academic one and an emotional/ethno psychological one. During the last few decades the number of people living in Bulgarian communities abroad has grown, and seems to have caught up with population numbers in Bulgaria itself. This dynamic growth of our communities is due to irreversible migration processes. New corporations, associations, schools, kindergartens, folk music ensembles, media, radio stations and TV channels are established by the Bulgarian communities. They develop their communities in their own way - so near, yet so far... As stated above, in this volume of "ONGAL" there are two approaches - academic and scientific studies in the fields of anthropology, ethnology and linguistics on one hand, which show the character of different Bulgarian communities around the world and different problems related to them, and on the other hand are texts which openly tell their stories in a very peculiar for the "Bulgarians there" manner. Their messages are emotionally loaded to the extent of lofty naivety and reveal desire to share and find empathy. The Bulgarians in Banat (in Svetlana Karadjova's text) as well as the Bulgarian communities in Izrael, Spain, Slovakia, Switzerland and Austria write their history through the eyes of emigrants who have found a new motherland. The study of topology of the Bulgarian presence by Ass. Prof. Dr. Vladimir Penchev offers an important and broad introduction to the topic of Bulgarian communities abroad. This study allows further understanding of the texts devoted to the Bulgarian communities in Chicago (in An immigrant's suitcase: the museum without walls by Diliana Ivanova) or in Washington (in The heritage and consolidation of migrant communities by Lina Gergova and Yana Gergova), in Hamburg (about the uses of Bulgarian cultural heritage by Tania Matanova) or about the peculiarities of the Bulgarian communities in Central Europe (in Hungary - by Adriana Petkova Papadopoulos and Kristina Menhart). Snezhana YovevaDimitrova's text addresses the adaptation models of the Bulgarians in Slovakia and Austria and the specifics of integration policies regarding the Bulgarians as a minority in those two countries. The linguistic studies (by Ana Kocheva, Lucia Antonova, Kiril Parvanov and Slavka Keremidchieva) contribute to create a thorough ethnocultural image of the Bulgarians abroad - language is of capital importance and reveals the ethnic characteristics of a group of people. Issues of bilingualism, dialect words and specific unlocking ethno linguistic markers, or sleep talking in regions inhabited with Bulgarian communities abroad, all correspond with the concept of Bulgarians abroad - so near yet so far. At first sight the eclecticism of different views and approaches, methodologies and scientific models that were collected in this issue of "ONGAL" might look unbalanced, but when read in its entirety the main message is revealed: there is a need to share the destiny, existence, anxieties and all other emotional and scientific specifics of Bulgarians abroad. All texts communicate and share space in the diaspora, while what is not so far but rather near - is the motherland.

Наблюдения върху войнушкото стопанство в казите Филибе и Татар Пазарджик през XVI – началото на XVII век

Author(s): Krastyo Yordanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2022

On the basis of several unpublished registers, the article examines the real practice of official Voynuk land ownership. The historical-legal analysis is applied in the research work. According to law, Voynuk farms were exempt from land taxes, but were part of the state land fund. However, the Voynuk baştina differed from the Rayet çiftlik and baştina not only in that it also included vineyards, gardens and even houses, but the sizes of the fields were often smaller than the legal norms for a pair of arable land. This can be explained by the fact that these areas were sufficient for the sustenance of a Voynuk household, since the considered category of population was exempt from land taxes and jizyah. However, as early as the 16th century, a property differentiation was gradually created between the Voynuks and a thin layer of wealthy owners of service lands stood out. They expanded their arable lands both by unregulated means, entering in the timar land, and through perhaps perfectly legal transactions for the transfer of shares of arable land between the Voynuks themselves.

Учителят по история – между педагога и историка

Author(s): Kostadin Paev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2022

As soon as the methodological thought of teaching history emerged, complex relationships arose between the special and pedagogical training of teachers in the subject. In the historical development of these relationships, one direction or another has prevailed. Between the two world wars, the so-called “didactic universalismˮ was imposed in our country, in which priority was given to pedagogical, at the expense of specializing training. In recent years, through the regulations issued by the Ministry of Education, there is a tendency to return to didactic universalism, which has a negative impact on the preparation of students– future teachers.

В НОВИТЕ БРОЕВЕ НА СПИСАНИЯТА НА ,,АЗ-БУКИ“ ЧЕТЕТЕ

Author(s): Albena Simova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2022

Българският език на ново място по света

Author(s): Ana Kocheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 12/2016

Except in Bulgaria in its current maximum reduced borders there are many large communities of Bulgarians in other countries in the world – somewhere they are recognized as national minorities, elsewhere - not. These communities conditional and figuratively we can call a few "small Bulgaria" or "New Bulgaria" abroad. Considering the number of the Bulgarians from the language continuum (the language of the Bulgarians in the old historical regions - Mizia, Thrace and Macedonia - inside and outside of state borders) plus the number of the Bulgarianspeakers from the new locations around the world, the total number of Bulgarian speakers on our planet moves about 15 million people. It is thus clear the central role played by the Bulgarian language for consolidation and storage of the nation, even in times of increasing globalization.

Начини за назоваване на явлението говорене на сън в Родопските говори

Author(s): Kiril Parvanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 12/2016

The article is dedicated on the words expressing the phenomena speaking during the dream in232 villages in the Rhodopian Dialects. The collected linguistic material is taken from thequestionnaire for the Rhodopian Dialect Atlas and the Archive for Bulgarian DialectDictionary. The article presents the words (борав’а, бълнувам, блазнем, сборувам, бърборя)and the idioms with the verbs (приказвам, гълча, лафа) expressing speaking during thedream – their origin and their distribution. It also analyzes the other meanings of the wordsexpressing speaking during the dream in the Bulgarian dialects in Bulgaria, Macedonia,Turkey, Greece, Serbia.

Реликти в българските диалекти от междуезиковите контакти на Балканския полуостров (с оглед на превода им на чужд език)

Author(s): Slavka Keremidchieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 12/2016

Some of the difficulties, that the translator of the ancient Bulgarian literature faces, where in the texts he finds already outdated terminological (production, socially-political, religious, etc.) lexis, had been analyzed. Part of this lexis is a relict prove of the time when the argotic dialects on the Balkan peninsula had been in their bloom and when the Balkan nations had accomplished intensive material, cultural and spiritual exchange, that brought to the interaction and the mutual penetration of their languages at different linguistic levels.

Ceļā uz digitālo latviešu teiku rādītāju: priekšvēsture

Author(s): Sandis Laime / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 39/2019

In 2014, the Archives of Latvian Folklore started developing its digital archive, which, among other things, offers an opportunity to develop new digital tools and resources for indexing folk narratives. Since the 1850s, a sizeable legend corpus has been documented in the territory of Latvia, and extensive collections have been published. While initiating the development of a digital index of legends, this article aims to consider the most comprehensive collections and publications as of today, as well to characterise the applied systems of classification and indexes. It was in the 1850s and 1860s when the first calls to write down folktales and legends were published in the press, and when the Latvian folk narratives started attracting wider interest of both Baltic German scholars and emerging Latvian intellectuals. In 1887, Fricis Brīvzemnieks published the first academic collection of folktales and legends, which included 186 texts. In this collection, the folktales and legends were classified by the genre and subject. The majority of the folktales (1863 texts) and legends (3254 texts) collected in the 19th century was published in the seven-volume edition “Latvian Legends and Folktales” (1891–1903, 2001) edited by Anss Lerhis-Puškaitis. It was the largest collection of Latvian folklore and one of the most sizeable publications of folk narratives in Europe at that time. In the early 1890s, the popularity of British anthropologist Edward Tylor’s theory of animism was growing. As no particular classification system of legends was approbated in international research circles, Lerhis-Puškaitis developed a unique system of legend classification, which was based on the theory of animism to arrange the voluminous text corpus; however, it fell under criticism in the early 20th century. The largest current publication of Latvian folk narratives (4309 folktales and 3586 legends), “Latvian Folktales and Legends” (1925–1937), was prepared for publishing by Prof. Pēteris Šmits. As for systematisation of folktales, Šmits implemented a state-of-art classification system introduced by Antti Aarne based on the historic-geographic method. Unlike folktales, researchers of legends did not have any internationally applied catalogue of legend types available at the time. Šmits classified the legends into four sections: 1) etiological legends, 2) mythological legends, 3) place legends, and 4) historical legends. The Archives of Latvian Folklore (ALF) was established in 1924 with its main task to collect and archive Latvian folklore, including legends. Along with intense activities of folklore collecting, the ALF was publishing and studying the collected materials, yet no developments toward a legend index were initiated. Having recognised legends as a significant genre for the Soviet ideology, a catalogue was initiated in the 1950s by Herta Vaita (the card index of legends). In the early 1960s Alma Ancelāne engaged in the research and classification of legends, and this also concurred with the discussion activated by the International Society for Folk Narrative Research regarding the development of an international catalogue of legends, which indirectly affected Ancelāne’s work. The card index of legends, which was completed after almost 30 years, covers nearly all of the material held in the ALF, some 57,000 texts. The material was primarily divided into etiological, mythological, and historical legends, whereas a more detailed subdivision was created grouping the legends into several sub-levels based on motifs, types, and occasionally by the themes included therein. Although Ancelāne’s card index greatly helps in orientating oneself to the collection of legends held in the ALF, it can hardly be considered as a fully completed index of motifs or types of Latvian legends. After WWII, Latvian émigrés also contributed to the classification of legends. In 1981, Lena Neuland published “Motif-Index of Latvian Folktales and Legends”, which followed the pattern of “Motif-Index of Folk Literature” by Stith Thompson using both Thompson’s names and numbers of the motifs. In 2014, the digital archive of ALF, garamantas.lv, began providing options for the development of new digital tools and resources in the research of folk narratives. Much has been accomplished in the field of legend research by now, yet there is still much to be done. A sizeable number of legends have been collected, and a large portion of them has been published, but this material has not been compiled in a single data corpus. A motif-index of Latvian legends has been developed which is accessible to the international community of legend researchers, but the material it covers equals less than 5% of the entire text corpus. Likewise, a type-index of Latvian legends should also be developed. In addition, an equally wide selection of Latvian legends should be published in English. By developing a mapping tool, the digital archive would allow for the visualization of the geographical distribution of each motif and type. There are plenty of plans and intents to implement. The first impressions gained from an implementation of those will be addressed in a separate article.

„BUCHENLANDDEUTSCHE“ VERGEMEINSCHAFTUNG NACH DER „UMSIEDLUNG“. DIE „LANDSMANNSCHAFT DER BUCHENLANDDEUTSCHEN“ ALS ETHNOPOLITISCHE UNTERNEHMERIN

Author(s): Alexander Weidle / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2022

The following article relies on sources from the archive of the only Association of the Bukovinian Germans – “Landsmannschaft der Buchenlanddeutschen” – which was active on (almost) the entire federal territory of Germany. This organization was founded in 1949 and was disbanded at the request of its last president, Ewald Zachman, in 2019.The author considers that members of the three to four Christian groups of German speaking population in Bukovina – among which there was no ethnic cohesion before the displacement, but rather a confessional, socio-economic or local one – were turned into“Bukovinian Germans” by the action of “entnopolitical entrepreneurs / performers”(as according to Roger Brubaker). In order to problematize the “becoming” of the Bukovinian Germans, Weidle formulates and presents four hypotheses: 1. The involvement(commitment) of people who enjoyed authority or notoriety in the “old homeland”, Bukovina, even if many of them collaborated with the National Socialist regime;2. The top-down legitimation, i. e. since the first years of its existence, the “Association of the Bukovinian Germans” has been conferred various competences, including that of deciding who should be compensated for the material losses suffered as a result of the displacement. The fact that many Jewish women and men from Bukovina were not recognized as belonging to a “German cultural community” and they did not benefit from compensation would be, according to the author of this hypothesis, one of the darkest aspects in the history of the organization of the “Bukovinian Germans” in Germany;3. Control of the dissemination of meaningful narratives for the social group of Christian Germanophones and of the way in which the “Bukovinian Germans” were perceived in the social environment. The newspaper of the “Bukovinians from all over the world”, i. e.“Der Südostdeutsche”, has always propagated the idea of the existence of an authentic community and has always urged its readers to attract other subscribers, thus managing to gain influence; 4. Nothing can be done without the “Landsmannschaft” (“Nichts ohne die Landsmannschaft”). All actions to socialize or strengthen the cohesion of the group were dependent on the “Landsmannschaft”, which organized and marked the most important events and decided, at least in the first years of the organizationʼs existence, who the speakers were and asked for speeches in order to consent to their content.

BULGARIAN-GREEK DISPUTES ON THE PAGES OF PERIODICALS DURING THE 19th CENTURY (FROM THE POLEMICS BETWEEN ‘TSARIGRADSKI VESTNIK’ AND ‘BOSPHORUS TELEGRAPH’)

Author(s): Andriana Spasova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

The present article is focused on separate aspects of the political skirmish between two prominent representatives of the Bulgarian and Greek communities – Nayden Gerov (1823 – 1900) and Georgios Tsoukalas / Γεώργιος Τσουκαλάς (1804 – 1872). At the beginning of the 50s of the XIX century, the establishment of the Bulgarian school in Plovdiv gave rise to one of the first public disputes between the two ideologists in the context of the development of nationalisms. The article depicts some moments from the Bulgarian-Greek arguments on the pages of periodicals – ‘Tsarigradski vestnik’ and ‘Bosphorus Telegraph’. In a word duel, the two intellectuals resort to the specific pejorative rhetoric of subversion and slander. This strategic rhetoric is characterized by an intensified ideological load and lavish figurative argumentation, often accompanied by expressive ideologies, with a multitude of offensive words, provocations and critical comments. Through the use of such rhetorical techniques, the prominent socio-political figures aim not simply at the personal undermining of their opponent, but above all, at defending their own ideology and contestation of the alternative opinion. In the confrontation between the text strategies (some of them deliberately anonymous, allowing the identification of the people with the text) of N. Gerov and G. Tsoukalas, the two political programs are revealed in their contrast and convergence to the own / foreign ideological code.

THE IDEOLOGICAL MELTING POT: SALONICAN SOCIALISTS AND “EMPIRE” DURING THE SECOND CONSTITUTIONAL PERIOD (1908 – 1912)

Author(s): Pelin Tığlay / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

This paper examines the attitude of socialist groups in Ottoman Salonica from different ethnic backgrounds to the conflict between empire and nation-state during the first term of the Second Constitutional Era (1908 – 1912) in the aftermath of the Young Turk Revolution. Following the stories of Abraham Benaroya (1887 – 1979), the renowned Jewish printing worker, and Dimitar Vlahov (1878 – 1953), the esteemed Macedo-Bulgarian political activist, and their interactions with like-minded socialists from Bulgarian, Greek, Jewish, and Turkish origins, I analyze how these particular socialist organizations in Salonica integrated Ottomanism, or the imperial nationalism which pursued the equality of Ottoman citizens and the territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire, into their class politics. Using a wide array of sources which include parliamentary minutes, newspapers and memoirs, I argue that socialist activists in Salonica, in the heyday of nationalism, believed in the possibility of a socialist future within the Ottoman Empire. Notwithstanding their disagreements with the elected Ottoman government, Salonican socialists openly opted for the constitutional and ethnically heterogenous empire rather than its disintegration and territorial accession to the homogenized Balkan states.

Късчета от неподправения респект на Иларион Макариополски

Author(s): Atanas Shopov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2022

Национална научна конференция „Eпохи, личности, памет“

Author(s): Apostol Matev,Diana Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2022