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Asserting for decades on end its status of a focal point of the (social and) cultural life of (predominantly small) communities, the institution of the Bulgarian chitalishte in its more than a century existence has gradually but firmly accepted and realized its functions related to the transmission of the local culture. The text develops the discourse about the chitalishte as “memory” as well as a a “generator” of local culture, closely related to its institutional status based on community unification.
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The research is historical and pedagogical of its kind; it seeks sources and aims to differentiate major trends in the development of the library education of the ethnical minorities in Bulgaria over the period 1944 – 1956. It is a first attempt for researching the contents and the forms of library education of ethnical minorities within a certain period of history. It is completely based on historical sources and enactments. The extracted positive practices and approaches are valuable experience of the contemporary education policy on integration and desegregation of ethnical minorities in one of the types of the extra-school, informal education – the library education which is inseparably involved in the Bulgarian education tradition with its 160-year history.
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In the analysis suggested, I make an attempt first and foremost to gather in one place all evidence on the function and meaning of human hair in Thracian culture. Human hair, save for being a biological factum, is an object of impression in human culture, i.e., it is a unique cultural phenomenon. I consider written evidences on the specific Thracian hair-do, as noted by the ancient authors, as well as the evidence according to which Thracians were red-haired. I pay attention to the archeologic findings of human hair in ancient Thrace, to visual evidences about hair-dos and colour in human hairs, as well as some folklore evidences on treatments of human hair, precisely as the object and subject of human culture.
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Prof. Georgy Fotev is a Bulgarian sociologist. His scientific works are in the areas of theory and history of sociology and the disciplinary fields of modern sociology. The focus of the research interests of G.Fotev is the nature of sociology as a multiple paradigm science. Another major theme in the works of Georgy Fotev is the dialogue as a base and horizon of multiple paradigm sociology. Georgy Fotev has publications in the fields of historical sociology, sociology of politics, ethnosociology, the crisis of legitimacy, sociology of values, etc. His books "The long night of communism in Bulgaria" and "Bulgarian melancholy" throw light on the dramatic fate of the Bulgarian national society. Georgy Fotev was Minister of Education and Science (1991 - 1992). He is professor emeritus of New Bulgarian University. In 2003 he was awarded the Distinguished Service Award from the American University in Bulgaria. Mankind is shaken by a multitude of uncertainty. There is an increasing perception that uncertainty becomes permanent. The focus is on the existential, social, political, economic, global and other basic varieties of human uncertainty. The author explores the fundamental conditions of human uncertainty and the main forms of her manifestation and experience. The phenomenon is seen in the light of the new science of chaos and complexity in the context of the risky society/world, in terms of catastrophic consciousness and the conditions of crisis types. Particular attention is paid to trust as a fundamental social attitude and condition against decadent attitudes and nihilism.
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This is a book about the history and the origin of the Proto-Bulgarians and their way to the Balkans and it follows the concept for modern Proto-Bulgarian history. What can be called "modern" is the fact, that the sources on which this book is based are rather different from the well known and traditionally used Latin and Byzantine authors, but among the reviewed sources are Chinese, Indian, Arab, Armenian and other texts of different types ans genres. The author Rumen Daskalov is giving his own interpretations and the purpose of his analysis is to emphasize, summarize and promote the best accomplishments of the Bulgarian school of Proto-Bulgarian history.
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Magazine "Macedonian Review" began to print in 1991 as a continuation of the old magazine, printed from 1924 to 1943 and after restoration of the Sofia Macedonian Scientific Institute work in 1990.
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The article is about Ukrainian political emigration in Bulgaria during the interwar period and its activities regarding The Shevchenko’s Days. The event is confined to the date of birth and death of T. G. Shevchenko. All the arrangements covered in the article are portrayed through the lens of “Tryzub” (“Trident”), the most popular weekly magazine of the Ukrainian emigration in 1925–1940. The article contains information regarding forms, scenarios and groups of people participating in the event.
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The ancient village Dospey, near Samokov, has a legend that before Bulgaria fell under the Ottoman rule, the local people “collected every¬thing from the other nearby churches and covered it completely with earth.” Another legend claims that manuscripts handwritten by Patriarch Euthymius, which were sent from Tarnovo to the Rila Monastery but never arrived at their final destination, are inside some of the buried sacred church vessels. The mound, which allegedly contains the hidden sacred vessels, exists to this very day. The author of this book strongly believes that it should be explored and urges the archeologists to conduct the needed research.
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The Bulgarian Orthodox Church Community “St. George” is founded on 05.09.2009 to create and provide conditions for religious Ortodox practices to all Bulgarians, living in Switzerland. “Maria Krönung” Church, situated on Carl-Spitteler-Strasse 44, 8053 Zürich, became the center for regular Orthodox Christian services, organised by the Community. The holly cervices are open to all people, to teach by both word and deed, to inspire all to lead a life of Orthodox Christian belief, worship and service to others. In 2015, our Bulgarian Orthodox Church Community organized Orthodox services in Zürich, Bern and Geneva.
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The paper aims to add some elements to the portrait of hired workers (ter oglani, irgat) or share croppers (ortakci) in the askeri cifliks. The inheritance documents of several men and one woman who had died in the cifliks present a rare opportunity to examine aspects of the life of this category of people. The inheritance inventories (terke/ muhalleft defters) of these people were registered in the kadi court registers of the towns of Sofia, Vidin and Ruscuk (mod. Rousse). The first part of the paper analyses the main elements of the contractual relations between ciflik owners and the people they had hired and taxation of the workers. The second part of the paper examines some aspects of the portrait of these workers, based on a structural analysis of inheritance inventories of their representatives, who were either peasants or town dwellers.
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There are the results of research activity of the outstanding Lithuanian historian Edvardas Gudavičius are considered in the article.
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On May 10–12, 2019, the Saint Petersburg state University held a scientific and practical seminar with international participation “Ecology of culture: nature, man, civilization in the artistic and information space of the Russian world”. The seminar program included 24 reports that brought together Russian and foreign experts from Russian cities – Moscow, St. Petersburg, Rostov, Syktyvkar, as well as Belarus, France, Germany, and Finland.
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The article presents the results from a detailed study of Gagauzian folklore. The author reads songs as a source of information about the everyday life, occupation, traditional peasant dresses and rituals practiced in pre-soviet times.
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The article has the aim to introduce the current artistic portrait of the Balkan theatrical elite after the Balkan ethnic wars. The main focus is on the Croatian director Oliver Frljić, but also on the theatrical life of Serbia, mostly on Biljana Srbljanovic. The article analyzes the theatrical critic - the Serbian as well the Croatian - the government's position and the national relationships in the culture filed, looks for an answer of the question if the war's lessons have been learned.
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The article is dedicated to one of the episodes of trade in the Baltic region, namely the import of paper into the Moscow state. The emphasis is not on the fact of the availability of European paper based on filigree, but an attempt has been made to consider the ways of supplying this important writing material through written sources. It is known that one of the ports of delivery of paper in earlier modern times was Arkhangelsk, but this article considers the important trade route for the Moscow state as the cities of Livonia. Despite the fact that it is difficult to compare it with, for example, the Lower Rhine or the Netherlands in terms of the amount of paper sold, the Baltic region is the one to which Moscow State was referred. The Hanseatic cities of Riga and Reval were the main paper supply centers throughout the fifteenth century, but the registers of the Zund tax show an increase in Narva’s position. This source, in particular, notes a significant number of ships going to Narva with paper, for example, from Dieppe. A sharp increase in the supply of paper precisely during the period when the city belonged to the Moscow state, during the Livonian War. This suggests that Narva was one of the most important points of French paper deliveries during the reign of Ivan the Terrible.
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The interest in I. Lutskevich Kitab has been taken since its discovery in 1915 in Keturiasdesimt Totoriu village. Several articles about this Kitab were published in local and foreign press. Each article that represents the content of the manuscript contains short fragments of transliterated text. The whole text of the manuscript together with facsimile and translations into Lithuanian and Russian were published in 2009 in the book called “Kitab of Ivan Lutskevich — Lithuanian Tatar cultural monument”. The Belarussian inscription in I. Lutskevich Kitab lets assume that this manuscript was created before the end of Tatar language assimilation process. At that moment, there were already such Tatars who were not able to speak their native language, but were fluent in Belarussian. Therefore, the cultural value and significance of the manuscript has increased not only among the specialists, but among those who are simply interested in it as well. In this article, the attention is paid to the stages of the research of the manuscript and its exclusive content that allows us to entitle the manuscript as peculiar The Tatar-Muslim Catechism. Most of the Kitab’s texts are found in another manuscripts as well. Among the most relative manuscripts regarding the content could be mentioned A. Karickis (middle of 19th century) and London’s Kitabs (1831). The analysis of all the published catalogues of manuscripts in Slavic but with Arabic characters brings the possibility to select the ones that contain analogical texts. Comparison and analysis of such texts would be a great material for further textological researches. Among researches that were exploring I. Lutskevich Kitab, Ivan Lutskevich, Jan Stankevic, Anton Antanovic, and Galina Miskiniene have to be mentioned in particular.
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Ethno-etiquette is an important component of the Gagauz socio-normative culture. In this article, it considered as a rule of conduct and a cultural phenomenon. In order to reveal the topic, the author widely used the material included in the Gagauz-Russian-Moldavian dictionary, personal data on site research, as well as information contained in historiography. The material cited in the article made it possible to trace some areas of the life of the Gagauz traditional society. To a large extent, its regulation was carried out through etiquette and public opinion, which controlled issues of compliance with ethical standards and moral values. The analysis of proverbs and sayings in the carried out area of study allowed us to conclude that they perform an important function – they constitute one of the components of the traditional educational systems. It has been shown that the tradition of hospitality is a priority national trait of the Gagauz people. It is concluded that values, ideals, norms, etc., expressed in etiquette and forms of organization of life, as well as in proverbs and sayings, performed the function of regulating public relations. Based on the rules adopted in the ethnic community, the community itself educated its members. In the process of historical development, qualities, significant for the collective and the individual, have become an integral part of the ethno-cultural code and national mentality.
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The paper traces the long discussion on the ethnic belonging of the half-dug dwellings known from numerous late archaic archaeological sites in the Lower Bug region, as well as along the entire Northern Black Sea coast. It is noted that a widespread opinion among researchers is that the ancient building tradition in the cited region was represented by stone dwellings built on ground level, which demonstrate the high level of development of Greek architecture. This is evidenced by the fact that the colonists were familiar with single- and multiple-chamber dwellings, with inner courts, regulated building patterns, as well as the application of different constructions and building techniques. On the other hand, the influence of the local tradition is associated with the presence of dug and half-dug dwellings (dugouts) that are typical of Southeastern Europe, but not also of Mainland and Eastern Greece. Analysing the data from numerous archaeological sites, the author stresses that in the 5th century BC there was combining of elements of the local (barbarian) and of the ancient building traditions for the construction of dugouts that had been used predominantly by barbarians. The possibility is assumed that dugouts were used for a brief period of time by the first Greek settlers as well, but it is very complicated to differentiate their dugouts from those of the indigenous population. In conclusion, the author recalls that the Greek colonists brought the tradition of the stone construction at ground level, with typical volume planning patterns, though it appears that they started adopting elements of the local building tradition that was adapted to the respective climatic condition. That proved to be a long process with several stages, which ended in the 4th century BC with the emergence of buildings characteristic of the Antiquity, but having levels dug into the ground as well.
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