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The outbreak of World War II thwarted the aspirations of Reza Shah to modernization and independent development of Iran. Officially neutral Iran failed to conceal the German influence and the occurrence of certain sympathy for the ideology of Nazism among the ruling circles in Tehran. Soon after Hitler attacked the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941, Britain and the Soviet Union agreed to occupy Iran to cut off any supply of German troops from south. Their strategic positions in Baku and Khuzestan were seriously threatened by several thousand resident Nazi agents in the country. On August 25 in a joint operation, the Soviet and British troops invaded Iran and in a few hours took control over the major cities. The Iranian distrust to the intentions of the occupiers compelled London and Moscow to allow the government to seek US support. Washington was initially confused and frightened by the Iranian call for help. For the Roosevelt administration, the victory over Nazi Germany was vital for the security of the US and Western Europe, but such intervention, alongside Britain and the Soviet Union, required a clear political vision and a well-trained staff to develop it. Involved in the complex relationship between Iran and its occupiers, the State Department did not intend to affect the British and Soviet interest in the country. But later circumstances made it impossible to maintain neutral position for long. At the beginning of 1942 Britain, the Soviet Union and Iran began negotiations for troop withdrawal within 6 months after the end of the war and on January 29 they signed a tripartite agreement. But the nascent rivalry between the allies put aside the initial reason for the occupation and they started planning the post-war situation in Iran, which remained the last oil bastion in the Gulf. The occupation of Iran by the Allied forces fueled the competition for the acquisition of oil concessions. With the closing of the Tehran conference it became clear to the three Great Powers that Iran would become a point of intersection of imperial interests. On the one hand, Britain sought to continue the exploitation of Iranian oil and to ensure security of the Indian borders to the south. On the other hand, the Soviet Union sought to obtain a share from the oil production and Iran’s refusal of the proposed economic cooperation forced Stalin to intervene in its internal affairs by supporting the communists from the “Tudeh” party. Meanwhile the period for withdrawal of the troops from Iran was extended in favor of the Great Powers along with the deepening of the contradictions between them. The Iranian crisis revealed the genuine plans of the Great Powers for the postwar situation. The outcome crystallized the competition in the New World Order and marked the beginning of the Cold War – a confrontation of ideologies, a battle for resources and a technological rush.
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China’s “One Belt, One Road” initiative is designed as a development strategy and framework that focuses on connectivity and collaboration and clearly reads as an ambitious vision for transforming the political and economic landscapes of Eurasia over the coming decades via a network of trade and infrastructure partnerships. The “Belt and Road” run through the continents of Asia, Europe, and Africa, connecting the vibrant East Asia economic circle at one end and developed European economic circle at the other, and encompassing countries with huge potential for economic development. The formation of the 16+1 framework is one of the most. The ‘16+1’ framework as one of the important achievements of China’s diplomacy, refers to different mechanisms and arrangements between China and 16 Central and Eastern European countries. This cooperation framework has been widely accepted in Central and Eastern European countries and has moved on a fast track. The inclusion of the ‘16+1’ cooperation framework into the concept of the New Silk Road (“One Belt, One Road”) is the most important and promising element for the CEEC. The region is predestined to be the Road’s ‘hub’ and can be used during its construction, all the more so because the individual states and cities of the region have been aware of the opportunities connected to it. From the potential and future development of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative the platform “16+1” Bulgaria also expects to deepen cooperation in tourism, agriculture and food, energy sector, science, education and culture. Bulgaria is considered also a leader in the field of information technologies in Southeastern Europe and in the production of components for the automotive industry so it’s another opportunity for future Chinese investment in these emerging sectors in Bulgaria. Bulgaria declares strong commitment to support Chinese companies wishing to invest in Bulgaria in sectors in which Bulgaria has traditional advantages and those that provide high added value and increased competitiveness of the economy – engineering, automotive, electronics, information and communication technologies, chemical and pharmaceutical industry, agriculture and food industry, the creation of industrial zones and hi-tech parks. Bulgaria always emphasizes its desire to attract Chinese companies to invest in Bulgarian industrial zones, which can be obtained support from “National Company Industrial Zones”.
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The Warsaw Uprising broke out in August 1, 1944, at the height of the final phase of the Second World War. It is the beginning of an extremely intense diplomatic game. The differences in the vision that the Allies have about the political outlook of the Old Continent after dealing with the common enemy come to the fore.
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The abolition of the Varaždin Generalate in 1871 represented a major turning point in the development of Bjelovar and its wider area. Within the process of integration in the system of Croatia as civil state, a new administrative and territorial organisation was introduced; thereby, the military territorial organisation of the Varaždin Generalate was abolished, and the Bjelovar County was formed in that territory with the seat in Bjelovar, being the eighth county in the territory of the Kingdom of Croatia. The formation of the Bjelovar County in 1871 represented the beginning of the modern administrative and territorial county organisation of the Bjelovar area, which – despite the fifty-year long period of abolition (1922-1992) – remained maintained up to the present. After the Republic of Croatia had gained its independence and the Bjelovar-Bilogora County had been formed, the tradition of the county organisation, which had – in that area – in all times represented one of the most important levers of nation-building conscience, was restored. In the 136-year long history of the administrative and territorial county organisation of the Bjelovar area, several periods are to be distinguished: 1. Bjelovar County 1871-1874 – transitional period between the abolition of the Varaždin Generalate and the passing of the first Political Administration Organisation Act; 2. Bjelovar County 1874-1886 – territorial division of the County into sub-county units and political municipalities; 3. Bjelovar-Križevci County 1886-1922 (1924) – period between the merging of the Bjelovar County and the Križevci County and the abolition of the county organisation 1922-1924; 4. Bjelovar-Bilogora County – period since 1992. Regardless of the above-described changes concerning the spatial aspect, the internal territorial organisation and the political administration, which had been in force in the Bjelovar County area for the last 136 years, its administrative and territorial organisation always managed to unite the elements of modern regionalisation with the century-long experience in county organising in the Croatian territory. Thus, the county history in the Bjelovar area remains a credible witness to the operation of the Croatian state and its organisation throughout various historical epochs.
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Reviews of: 1. Radomir Bulatović, KONCENTRACIONI LOGOR JASENOVAC S POSEBNIM OSVRTOM NA DONJU GRADINU, ISTORIJSKO -SOCIOLOŠKA I ANTROPOLOŠKA STUDIJA, izd. „Svjetlost”, Sarajevo 1990, 451. (Reč prilikom promocije u Sarajevu 12. februara 1991.) Review by: Branko Petranović 2. ISTORIJA SAVEZA KOMUNISTA JUGOSLAVIJE, Izdavački centar Komunist, Narodna knjiga, Rad, Beograd 1985. Review by: Rasim Hurem 3. KOMISIJA ISTORIČARA SSSR I SFRJ - 15 GODINA: REZULTATI I PERSPEKTIVE SARADNJE Review by: O. N. Rešetnikova 4. EDICIJA „STRADANJA I OTPORI” Review by: Milan Koljanin 5. Sava Živanov: REVOLUCIJA U RUSIJI 1917. GODINE, Naučna knjiga, Beograd 1988. Review by: Ljubinka Bogetić 6. Roj A. Medvjedev, ONI OKRUŽALI STALINA, Moskva 1990, str. 351. Review by: Dr Milorad P. Radusinović 7. Dmitrij Volkogonov , TRIUMF I TRAGEDIJA, Političeskij portret I. V. Stalina, v 2 knigah, Moskva 1989, str. 1244. Review by: Dr Milorad P. Radusinović 8. Veljko Đ. Đurić, USTAŠE I PRAVOSLAVLJE, Beograd 1989, 286 Str. Review by: Dr Milorad P. Radusinović 9. Dr Dimitrije Vujović, PODGORIČKA SKUPŠTINA 1918, Zagreb 1989, str. 287. Review by: Prof. dr Zoran Lakić 10. NA KONGRESU ISTORIČARA SVETA Review by: Dragoljub S. Petrović 11. ŽIVOT I DELO DR SERGIJA DIMITRIJEVIĆA, Leskovac 1989, 208 str. Review by: Milica Bodrožić 12. Vladimir Stojančević, SRBIJA I SRPSKI NAROD ZA VREME RATA I OKUPACIJE 1914 - 1918. GODINE, Leskovac 1988, 150 str. Review by: Milica Bodrožić
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Nowadays in Istanbul, Turkey, there is a Bulgarian colony, which was created after the Second Balkan War and the First World War. It was not related to the Bulgarians in Constantinople from the times of the Bulgarian National Revival, but through the Foundation of Bulgarian Orthodox Churches in Istanbul as established, it was their legal successor. The Foundation was also the formal owner of that part of the Bulgarian exarchal properties in Turkey which the Turkish State returned. Lifting the schism was an act of international and internal political importance. This act put an end to the use of the Exarchy as a mean to unite all the Bulgarians within the borders of a new Bulgaria according to the Treaty of San Stefano. In essence, this was a retreat from the national ideal. The conditions for lifting the schism, the closing of the Exarchal Vicegerency and the unresolved status of the Bulgarian Church Community deprived the Bulgarians in the Republic of Turkey of Bulgarian representation on church affairs and predetermined their remaining within the diocese of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. This issue has consequences even nowadays.
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The views of Todor Bourmov for the government of Bulgaria are reflected in a document stored in Russian archives. At the first its publication,the document was defined as a response of one of the Bulgarian notables – Todor Bourmov – to the questions of the Russian civil administration in Bulgaria from1878, and in the second – as rules for the election of a Bulgarian prince. According contained in this article concept, in both cases there are errors and inaccuracies, but in principle, the document itself contains a number of provisions found a place in the initial draft of the Organic Statute of the Bulgarian principality.
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Reviews of: 1. Ljubomir Antić, NAŠE ISELJENIŠTVO U JUŽNOJ AMERICI I STVARANJE JUGOSLOVENSKE DRŽAVE 1918, Školska knjiga, Zagreb 1987. Review by: Ubavka Ostojić-Fejić 2. Vuk Vinaver, SVETSKA EKONOMSKA KRIZA U PODUNAVLJU I NEMAČKI PRODOR 1929 - 1934, Inistitut za savremenu istoriju, Beograd, 1987, str. 299. Review by: Milica Bodrožić 3. Dušan Lukač, TREĆI RAJH I ZEMLJE JUGOISTOČNE EVROPE, prvi dio 1933 - 1935, strana 434; drugi dio 1937 - 1941, strana 503 i treći dio 1941 - 1945, strana 870. Izdavači: Vojnoizdavački i novinski centar Beograd i Balkanološki institut Srpske akademije nauka i umetnosti, Beograd 1982. i 1987. Review by: Zdravko Antonić 4. Enver Redžić, MUSLIMANSKO AUTONOMAŠTVO I 13. SS DIVIZIJA. AUTONOMIJA BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE I HITLEROV TREĆI RAJH, „Svjetlost” , Sarajevo, 1987, str. 240. Review by: Milan Koljanin 5. Voren Sasman, KULTURA KAO ISTORIJA, Rad, Beograd 1987, str. 484. Review by: Trivo Inđić
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Reviews of: 1. Roj Medvedev, REVOLUCIJA 1917. GODINE U RUSIJI - PROBLEM I KARAKTERISTIKE, OCENE, Beograd 1986, str. 172. Review by: Predrag Marković 2. Dr Smiljana Đurović, DRŽAVNA INTERVENCIJA U INDUSTRIJI JUGOSLAVIJE (1918 - 1941), Beograd 1986, str. 435. Review by: Milica Bodrožić 3. BRITANCI О KRALJEVINI JUGOSLAVIJI. Godišnji izveštaji Britanskog poslanstva u Beogradu 1921 - 1938: knj. I (1921 - 1930), knj. II (1931 - 1938), priredio Živko Avramovski, izd. Arhiv Jugoslavije - Globus, Zagreb, 1986. str. 709 + 716. Review by: Momčilo Pavlović 4. ISTORIJSKI ZNAČAJ VII KONGRESA KOMINTERNE. Materijali naučne konferencije, posvećene 50-godišnjici VII kongresa Komunističke Internacionale. Moskva, 16 -17 jula 1985. g. Institut marksizma-lenjinizma CK KPSS. - Moskva, Politička literatura, 1986, str. 358. Review by: Dubravka Stajić 5. Dr Venceslav Glišić, UŽIČKA REPUBLIKA, Nolit, Beograd 1986, str. 288. Review by: Slobodan D. Milošević 6. Fikreta Jelić-Butić, ČETNICI U HRVATSKOJ 1941 - 1945, Globus, Zagreb 1986. str. 272. Review by: Milorad P. Radusinović
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Reviews of: 1. Dr Todor Stojkov, VLADA MILANA STOJADINOVIĆA 1935 - 1937, Beograd 1985, str. 231. Review by: Mira Radojević 2. TREĆI KONGRES KPJ (17-22. maj 1926); PLENARNE SEDNICE CK KPJ (maj-septembar 1926) (priredili: Ubavka Vujoševič, Branislav Gligorijević), Beograd 1986, str. 567. Review by: Toma Milenković 3. DOKUMENTI CENTRALNIH ORGANA KPJ, NOR I REVOLUCIJA (1941 - 1945), knj. 1, str. 527, (6. IV - 15. TX 1941) priredio Radomir Vujošević; knj. 2, str. 538, (16. IX - 31. XII 1941), priredio dr Mladen Stefanović, Izdavački centar Komunist, Beograd 1985. Review by: Milica Bodrožić 4. Dr Nikola Živković, RATNA ŠTETA KOJU JE BUGARSKA UČINILA JUGOSLAVIJI 1941 - 1944, Institut za savremenu istoriju, Beograd 1985, str. 202. Review by: Milan Koljanin 5. ILEGALA U PODGORICI 1941 - 1945, Titograd 1984, str. 258 Review by: Zoran Lakić 6. Jadranka Jovanović, JUGOSLAVIJA U ORGANIZACIJI UJEDINJENIH NACIJA (1945 - 1953), Institut za savremenu istoriju, Beograd 1985, str. 279. Review by: Dragan Bogetić 7. Martin Ivančić, STAVKA V RUDNIKIH TRBOVLJE-HRASTNIK IN ZAGORJE, Delavska enotnost, Ljubljana 1986. Review by: Marija Obradović 8. NEKE KARAKTERISTIKE STATISTIČKE PUBLIKACIJE »JUGOSLAVIJA 1945 - 1985« Review by: Miladin Raičević
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Reviews of: 1. Marjan Britovšek, STALINOV TERMIDOR, Cankarjeva založba, Ljubljana. 1984. 545 str. Review by: Dubravka Stajić; 2. KULTURA I NAUKA U NOR-U I REVOLUCIJI, Skoplje 1984. Review by: Zoran Lakić; 3. Dragovan Šepić, VLADA IVANA ŠUBAŠlĆA, „Globus”, Zagreb 1983, 424 str. Review by: Milorad P. Radusinović; 4. И. Н. Земсков, ДИПЛОМАТИЧЕСКАЯ ИСТОРИЯ ВТОРОГО ФРОНТА В ЕВРОПЕ, Политиздат, Москва 1982, 320 стр. Review by: Milorad P. Radusinović; 5. Nikola L. Gaćeša, AGRARNA REFORMA I KOLONIZACIJA U JUGOSLAVIJI 1945-1948, Matica srpska. Novi Sad 1984, 403 str. Review by: Dušan Вerić; 6. DOKUMENTI О SPOLJNOJ POLITICI SFRJ 1946, I. Priredio Đorđe Vasiljević, „Jugoslovenski pregled”, Beograd 1985. 454 str. Review by: Đoko Tripković; 7. POVIJESNI PRILOZI, Zbornik radova IHRPH, Zagreb, br. 1, 1982, 308; br. 2, 1983, 286; broj 3. 1984, 290. Review by: Milica Bodrožić
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Reviews of: 1. Naučni skup: KOLUBARSKA BITKA, Review by: Nenad Urić; 2. BEOGRADSKI UNIVERZITET U PREDRATNOM PERIODU, OSLOBODILAČKOM RATU I REVOLUCIJI (Saopštenja i prilozi sa simpozijuma održanog u Beogradu 14-15. decembra 1982. godine), Beograd 1983, 507., Review by: Miroljub Vasić; 3. Nikola Anić, Sekula Joksimović, Mirko Gutić, NARODNOOSLOBODILAČKA VOJSKA JUGOSLAVIJE. PREGLED RAZVOJA ORUŽANIH SNAGA NARODNOOSLOBODILAČKOG POKRETA 1941 - 1945, Vojnoistorijski institut, Beograd, 1982, str. 996., Review by: Milan Koljanin; 4. Ćiril Petešić, KATOLIČKO SVEĆENSTVO U NOB, Zagreb 1982, 276 str., Review by: Milorad Radusinović; 5. Miroslav Milovanović, NEMAČKI KONCENTRACIONI LOGOR NA CRVENOM KRSTU U NIŠU I STRELJANJE NA BUBNJU, Institut za savremenu istoriju, Beograd, Opštinski odbor SUBNOR Niš, IRO »Narodna knjiga«, Beograd 1983, str. 345., Review by: Sonja Božanović-Špoljar; 6. DOKUMENTI О SPOLJNOJ POLITICI SFRJ 1945. Priredili: Đorđe Vasiljević i Bogdan Popović, »Jugoslovenski pregled«, Beograd 1984, 426 str., Review by: Dragica Mugoša; 7. DA LI SU PRIVREDNE KRIZE I REFORME NEIZBEŽNE U SOCIJALIZMU? Povodom prevoda knjige Evgenija Preobraženskog Nova ekonomika. Pokušaj teorijske analize sovjetske privrede (izdanje Centra za kulturnu djelatnost, Zagreb 1983)., Review by: Dubravka Stajić; 8. Maurice Vaisse, ALGER: LE PUTSCH. Ed. Com-plexe, Bruxelles 1983, 146., Review by: Vladislav Marjanović
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Reviews of: 1. TITO - CHURCHILL, strogo tajno. Izabrao i uredio dr Dušan Biber. Izd.: Arhiv Jugoslavije, Beograd - Globus, Zagreb, 1981, str. XLV+589, Review by: Nikola B. Popović; 2. Vjenceslav Cenčić, ENIGMA KOPINIČ, knjiga I i II, IRO Rad, Beograd 1983, 350 + 291., Review by: Božidar Jakšić; 3. Dr Slobodan D. Milošević, IZBEGLICE I PRESELJENICI NA TERITORIJI OKUPIRANE JUGOSLAVIJE 1941 - 1945, Beograd 1981, Institut za savremenu istoriju - IRO Narodna knjiga, str. 396., Review by: Dušan Lukač; 4. Jean-Baptiste Duroselle, TOUT EMPIRE PERIRA , (Svaka imperija će propasti), Publications de la Sorbonne, Paris 1981., Review by: Vladislav Marjanović; 5. STVARANJE JUGOSLOVENSKE DRŽAVE 1918. Zbornik radova podnetih na naučom skupu u Iloku od 16. do 19. maja 1979. Institut za savremenu istoriju, IRO »Narodna knjiga«, Beograd, 1983. 529, Review by: Ubavka Ostojić-Fejić; 6. L ’IMPERIALISMO ITALIANO E LA JUGOSLAVIA, ATTI DEL CONVEGNO ITALO-JUGOSLAVO, Ancona 14 -16. ottobre 1977, Urbino 1981, 622. (Italijanski imperijalizam i Jugoslavija. Saopštenja sa italijansko-jugoslovenskog sastanka u Ankoni 14. - 16. oktobra 1977., Urbino 1981, 622.), Review by: Enes Milak; 7. SVEDOČANSTVA О REVOLUCIONARNOJ SINDIKALNOJ BORBI VOJVOĐANSKOG RADNIŠTVA U GODINAMA PRED DRUGI SVETSKI RAT, Review by: Aleksandar R. Kasaš; 8. ZBORNIK HISTORIJSKOG INSTITUTA SLAVONIJE I BARANJE, Slavonski Brod, 1982, 19/1, 377, Review by: Ivan Kovačević
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