Периодика 2014–2015 г.
Content of the main Bulgarian scientific journals for the current year in linguistics, literature, history, folklore, ethnography, archeology and art studies
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Content of the main Bulgarian scientific journals for the current year in linguistics, literature, history, folklore, ethnography, archeology and art studies
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Data about scientific events in the field of the humanities in Bulgaria in 2012
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Concluded in 1985, Mihai Botez’ analysis proposed an insight on how American-Romanian relations were seen and interpreted from Bucharest by a Romanian dissident. The survey contains five parts. The first four parts concentrate on the opening toward Romania initiated by the Nixon administration in 1968-1972, the development of US-Romanian relations in 1972-1976, the analysis of the impact of the human rights issue on US foreign policy (during the Carter administration), and the US-Romanian relations since 1980 to 1985. The last part contains Botez’ views on how American foreign policy influenced the evolution of the Romanian Communist regime and the perception of the general public toward America. Even if Botez’ study was not well received in the American circles, the text remains an original approach of American-Romanian relations during Ceauşescu’s regime.
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The article analyzes the image of Russia in the politics of identity of political elites that support European integration. The author believes that the leading trend is the exclusion of Russia from the "Europe", while the negative image of Russia is inevitable in establishing Europeanness. The article highlights the political, cultural, ethnic, religious, historical and civilization discourse practices of exclusion Russia from Europe. According to author, the image of Russia performs the following functions in the politics of European identity: defining criteria of Europeanness, achieving positive collective self conception, legitimating of the EU, maintaining social and political order of the EU, the legitimating of the relations between the EU countries.
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The author outlines two stages of analysis of relations between the USSR and the GDR in the Soviet periodical press; the first stage (the 1950s – the 1960s) was characterized by the positioning of the USSR’s supremacy in all spheres of life in the GDR; during the second stage (the 1970s – the late 1980s) the cooperation between the sides had been emphasized. The article characterizes the difference between the ideological image of the GDR in the Soviet press and the perception of the GDR in the historical and daily consciousness of the USSR’s citizens, the existence of an inconsistent combination of distancing and aspiration for friendship with the population of the GDR in political journalism.
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Каждый польский ребёнок слышал о «чёрной “Волге”». Якобы именно на этом автомобиле, ездили то ли ксёндзы, то ли монашки, то ли сотрудники госбезопасности, или даже высокопоставленные советские чиновники, которые, соблазнив детей конфетами, похищали их и убивали [21, с. 312-313]. Возможно, здесь проявляется отголосок «легенд о крови» — рассказов о хищениях и убийствах христианских детей, якобы совершаемых евреями, которые затем использовали кровь для приготовления мацы [24]. Байки о «чёрной “Волге”» — один из самых популярных современных нарративов, называемых городскими легендами. Впрочем, в области терминологии современного фольклора царит хаос, отражающий, на мой взгляд, существующие дефиниционные проблемы. Дионизиуш Чубала, главный польский исследователь этого явления, пишет: «В своей работе я употребляю множество терминов. Я говорю: “сплетня”, “слух”, “сенсация”, “новость”, “городская легенда”, “современный миф”. Ранее Дорота Симонидес пользовалась терминами: “рассказ из жизни”, “невероятная история”, “ужасная история”, “вампирическая”, а Чеслав Хернас употреблял словосочетание “легенда факта”. Этот номенклатурный плюрализм указывает на некоторую нашу терминологическую беспомощность, одновременно доказывая необ- ходимость срочного уточнения отдельных понятий» [6, 32]. Также и в английском языке нет в этом плане терминологического единогласия: самые часто употребляемые определения — это «urban legend», «modern legend», «contemporary legend», «rumor legend», «modern myth», «rumor», «gossip». По моему мнению, самая важная опознавательная черта рассказов данного типа — это способ отсылки к их подлинности.
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Review of: Georgios Tziafetas - Laurent Coumel and Marc Elie, eds. “A Belated and Tragic Ecological Revolution: Nature, Disasters, and Green Activist in the Soviet Union and Post Soviet States, 1960s–2010s.” Special issue of Soviet and Post-Soviet Review, vol. 40, no. 2, 2013.
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Analyzes the background, conditions, causes and forms of use of Russian-mother character in the discourse of legitimation of the Crimea. Particular attention is paid to the inclusion in the rhetoric of the modification of the parent sim-ox, as the image of Russia, bear, carefully guard his teddy bear - Crimea. The author shows how the discourse of legitimation operates opposition Russian mother and stepmother image of Ukraine.
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The article is devoted to 60—70-s reforms of the XIX c. as an important factor in the formation of a layer of women-entrepreneurs in Dagestan. The end of the Caucasian War and the ensuing reforms of 1860—1870-s had a tremendous influence on the development of the Dagestan society. This period is well covered in the works of historians, both pre-revolutionary and contemporary.However, the issues related to the impact of reforms on the economic situation of women and, in particular, on the development of women entrepreneurs in Dagestan did not find adequate coverage. This paper attempts to fill this gap and to identify the role of the bourgeois reforms in the formation of women’s entrepreneurship.The research based on the analysis of literary and archival materials revealed that conducted in the region bourgeois reforms played an important role in the process of integration of women in business. After studying the nature of women entrepreneurship, we came to the conclusion that at the turn of XIX—XX cс.they were involved in the trade and industrial activities, engaged in various types of business activities. They owned wine and brandy enterprises, various craft schools, private educational institutions. The study noted that these women were mostly of Russian or Armenian origin. Among local indigenous women there were practically no women entrepreneurs. Activities of women entrepreneurs were based on equal opportunities principles as stipulated in the laws of the Russian Empire.
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The paper researches the history of manifold political relations between the Kraków monarchs, the developing towns of Lesser Poland growing into an economically important position, the clergy, and in particular the powerful bishops, and the class of knights at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. In the history of Poland this is an important period of many and varied pressures in the struggle for power and both political and economic prevalence. In particular the paper focuses on the relations of four consecutive princes, Boleslaus the Shy, Leszek the Black, Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, and Wladysław Łokietek with the town of Kraków, located by the first of them, and then developing under the royal privileges, until the rebellion of Albert and loss of the political and economic position under the last prince.
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In the legal sense, Silesian towns and cities constituted as early as the 12th century. Up to the half of the 13th century, approximately 20 towns and townlets were established. After the Mongolian invasion in 1241, apart from the economic significance, it was also their defensive role of towns that was valued. During the Middle Ages and the early modern period a rather extensive network comprising altogether 165 towns and townlets was built in Silesia.
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The paper deals with the approaches of the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) to the Russian foreign and domestic policy. The authors underline the peculiar features of the approach utilized by American experts, as well as their mistakes and miscalculations, which are reflected in the US foreign policy strategy. The analysis of the CSIS reports and publications allows to restore the recommendations that this think tank worked out for decision makers in the US. Concerning the Russian internal policy, CSIS experts allocate two main conflicts forming the background of Russian political reality. The first of them is the conflict between the society facing economic decrease and the political elite seeking to preserve their position. The second conflict takes place within the Russian elite competing for the control over financial flows and the levers of governance. These conflicts could be used to influence Russia in order to prevent it from playing a greater role in the world policy. Analyzing the Russian foreign policy, American experts point to the Russian economy dependence on the global energy market. They doubt the economic efficiency and the prospects of the BRICS. CSIS experts offer the US some political and economic steps that could significantly weaken Russia. Despite this fact, they underline Russia’s role in international stability and security. The findings are extremely important for forming the foreign policy strategy of Russia towards the US and global regions of the world.
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During the main events of XX century, such as the First and Second World Wars, or the Vietnam War, the world of cinema has changed accordingly. There are many movies offering a image of those events as they were interpreted, observed or seen by the people and the society of their days. These different images depend on when the movie was made, by whom and by which country. It is not the same, for a Vietnam War movie, the 60s, the 70s, or the 80s and the 90s, as not the perception of the First World War or the Second. Ideologies such as Communism, Nazism or Fascism were another key factor for the development of the film industry, especially in Europe during the inter-war period. Links between movies and politics during 1914-1991 are the field of research and study of this present article.
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After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Russia and the other 15 independent republics remaining from the former USSR emerged. Russia is still pursuing an ideology which regards these independent republics, being Russia's colonies for 75 years, as its own property. The reason is that Russia made countless investments in these independent republics and caused them to be economically and politically dependent upon each other like a chain. The coup d'état staged during the vacation of Gorbachev in 1990 continued with the independence declarations of 15 republics. Russia, which can be deemed as the continuation of the USSR, did not admit this fact in order to be released from the heavy dept that it owes to these independent republics. The first countries joining the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) were Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine. Russia, by signing an alleged Confederation treaty with these 3 strong countries, was threatening the other counties and showing itself off.
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Azerbaycan Milli İstiklal Davası’nın en önemli savunucularından olan Mehmed Emin Resulzade, önce Çarlık, ardından da Bolşevik Rusyası’na karşı fikirleri ve kalemiyle savaşmıştır. Resulzade, Azerbaycan’ın Himmet, Füyuzat, İrşad, Terakki, Yoldaş adlı yayın organlarından uzun yıllar başta Azerbaycan Türkleri olmak üzere, tüm Türk dünyasının haklarının savunmuştur.
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Even in the beginning and later in the course of its development, IMARO generated a number of program documents that turn in some written rules regulating behaviour, both in its personnel constituted and among the Christian population in Macedonia and Adrianople region. These documents became a kind of “laws”. A system of control and enforcement of established rules was implemented.
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It has been a well-known fact that Radovan Karadzic as the President of the Republic of Srpska and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, was an exponent of the ideology of Serbian hegemony of the Serbian political, military and police regime. That regime was planned, organized and he carried out the aggression against the internationally recognized state, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the aggression and destruction of the constitutional order of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina . Radovan Karadzic gave repeated impetus and organized political and armed rebellion against the constitutional order of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina having been given the support by the Army of Yugoslavia, which represented the most serious offence in all socio-political systems. The main objective of the aggressive war-mongering campaign, led by Milosevic and Karadzic as his assistant in charge of Bosnia, was the war with the purpose of conquering the territory, expulsion and physical liquidation and elimination of non-Serbs from criminally conquered space. It was committed under the flag of fascist ideological fanaticism of the “national threat”.
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Chinese readers pay great attention to Bulgaria since the second half of 19th century when Bulgaria was reported in Chinese Newspapers and Periodicals (journals). There are 5 periods of the reports: from the late 19th century to 1949; 1950–1965; 1966–1978; 1979–1989; from 1990 to now. Generally speaking, the reports are getting deeper and more and more interesting. Today, in days of a closer relationship of the two countries, we should better evaluate the relationship and have more concrete and deeper corporations with each other.
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The current focus of Bulgarian foreign policy is the “separation from Russia and joining Europe,” joining the “Europe-Atlantic” system. It will deal with the formation of the “big space” of Russian geopolitics. For Bulgaria it is necessary to balance the interests of Russia, the US and find a better initial position to protect its own security and interests. As a “geopolitical center”, in front of big countries Bulgaria is often in a passive position, but Bulgaria still has a chance to occupy a dominant position, and therefore it only needs to take flexible, careful and practical diplomatic policies.
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