Разнообразие в разпространението на модерната стопанска култура на българите през Възраждането (XVIII–XIX в.)

Author(s): Ivan Roussev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2017

The object of the research of the present article is the tracing out of the diversity in the spreading of the modern economic culture of the Bulgariannation in the epoch of the Bulgarian National Revival period (18th – 19th CC) – a diversity mainly in respect of geography and time. Both in Europe and on theBalkans the modern economic culture springs up and gives its first visible results at the beginning of the New Time. The Bulgarians are no exception to thatprocess, although it appears with them later in comparison with some of the peoples on the European continent. As with the nations on the Mediterranean andin Western Europe it is the trade among the Bulgarians which is the economic sphere to be the earliest and most notably affected by modernisation. That is why the article deals mainly with the modern trade culture of the Bulgarian National Revival period on the basis of which to a great extent appear and develop the other economic areas of the post-Renaissance society – the protoindustries and industry, services and credit. An attempt has been made to enlarge the research in that direction as well. The results of the research show that the highest degree in the spreading of the modern economic culture among the Bulgarian society was achieved during the third quarter of the 19th C (50ies – 70ies of the century) in the following centres and regions: among the Bulgarian community in the capital of the Ottoman empire – Istanbul, in the sub-Balkan settlements (Kalofer, Klisura, Sopot, Kazanlak, Koprivshtitsa and others), Central Northern Bulgaria (mainlyGabrovo and Turnovo), the Sliven-Kotel region (Sliven, Kotel, Zheravna, Gradets, Medven), the towns along the Danube (Rouse, Svishtov, Lom,Silistra,Toulcha), in some of the centres of the Bulgarian Diaspora in Wallachia, Moldova and Bessarabia (Bucharest, Krayova, Braila, Galatz, Giurgiu, Yash,Bolgrad, Focşani). Other regions are represented only partially on the map of the Bulgarian economic modernisation during the Bulgarian National Revival period with certain separate town centres: South Bulgaria (Stara Zagora and Plovdiv), South-Western Bulgaria (Samokov and Sofia), the north-eastern territories and the Black sea region (Varna, Shumen and Burgas) and there are certain regions which are missing completely from this map: North-Western Bulgaria,Macedonia, the south-eastern territories, a large part of Dobrudzha.

Разплата. История на Отон. Пратеничество в Константинопол. Разплата. История на Отон. Пратеничество в Константинопол

Author(s): Liudprand Liudprand of Cremona / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 2015

This modern translation of all the surviving literary compositions ascribed to Liudprand, the bishop of Cremona from 962 to 972, offers unrivaled insight into society and culture in western Europe during the "iron century". Since Liudprand enjoyed the favor of the Saxon Roman emperor Otto the Great, and traveled to Constantinople more than once on official business, his narratives also reveal European attitudes toward the Byzantine Empire and the culture of its refined capital city. No other tenth-century writer had such privileged access to the high spheres of power, or such acerbic wit and willingness to articulate critiques of the doings of powerful people. Liudprand's historical texts (the Antapodosis on European events in the first half of the 900s, and his Historia Ottonison the rise to power of Otto the Great) provide a unique view of the recent past against a genuinely European backdrop, unusual in a time of localized cultural horizons. Liudprand's famous satirical description of his misadventures as Ottonian legate at the Byzantine court in 968 is a vital source of information on Byzantine ritual and diplomatic process, as well as a classic of medieval intercultural encounter. Readers interested in medieval European culture, the history of diplomacy, Italian and German medieval history, and the history of Byzantium will find this collection of translated texts rewarding. A full introduction and extensive notes help readers to place Liudprand's writings in context.

Режими на сравнителното изследване – за една теория на детоталитаризацията. Режимът и обществото в страните от Източна Европа (1956–1989)

Author(s): Ivailo Znepolski / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2016

Религиозен живот в Източна Румелия

Author(s): Stanislav Boyanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Eastern Roumelia received its fundamental law drafted by a specially European commission. It is quite a detailed document providing for all aspects of life of the Roumeli citizens. The Organic Statute of Eastern Roumelia defined the new political formation in the Balkans as a state of modern (for that time) bourgeois-liberal type. It had all the features of and independant state: its own government, a representative authority elected by the people and a national army. The sovereignty of the sultan was included in the Statute, but thanks to the efforts of Eastern Roumeli political figures, it soon became nominal, without any serious power in the region. Unlike the neighboring countries (the Ottoman Empire, the Principality of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Romania) there was no legalized and preferred religion in Eastern Roumelia. All religious issues were placed in the hands of the religious communities and the state did not involve itself with them. The only condition was that they should not violate any of the laws valid to the region.

РЕФОРМИТЕ В ОСМАНСКАТА ИМПЕРИЯ – РЕГИОНАЛНИ ФОРМИ НА ЕВРОПЕЙСКИ МОДЕЛИ

Author(s): Zorka Parvanova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2018

The study follows the reforms’ development in the Ottoman Empire during its three main periods – the Tanzimat bureaucratic reformation, the European reform programs during the Hamidian autocracy and the Young Turks constitutional-parliamentary regime. Emphasizing the leading and unchanging motivation of the efforts to modernize the Ottoman administrative and political system by copying European models to save the Empire, the research highlights the specifics of this process through its various stages. The different manifestations of European influence in the imperial center and the Balkan periphery, the Islamic tradition as a sustainable context of the Ottoman reform, the deepening fragmentation of society and the increasing dependence on the Great powers resulting from the application of the “European recipes” are among the main features of the process. One of the accents in the study is the transformation of Ottomanism as an essential element reflecting the internal contradiction, eclecticism, inadequacy of the reform ideology, policy and practice and ultimately the historical vindication of the idea of the Ottoman Revival.

Римската империя и династия Хан - два модела на държавност в Евразия

Author(s): Zhivko Zhekov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

The Roman Empire and the Chinese Han Dynasty are two of the strongest state and military formations that existed in Eurasia in antiquity. They have greater or lesser influence on the patterns of statehood formed in the following centuries in Europe and East Asia. The findings made require an in-depth analysis to be rejected or confirmed. It will allow to examine the mechanisms of this reception and the reasons for its success, which in turn implies the specification of ideas and principles, which in the later societies borrow from the two ancient empires. The analysis shows that the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty have a significant impact on civilizations, which develops on the lands they own or on their neighbouring territories on which they also influence. Their presence is revealed in the spiritual sphere through Christian religion and Confucianism, but also in the administrative through a number of legal and managerial principles and traditions.

Родови имена от Царибродско – част от българската антропонимна система

Author(s): Anna Choleva-Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2018

The Bulgarian anthroponymic system has its peculiarities. This is the reason we are paying closer attention to the clan names which undoubtedly held great significance for the formation of Bulgarian family names in the end of the 19th century.

Ролята на поетично-музикалната традиция с религиозно-мистичен характер за съхраняването и изявата на алевийско-бекташийската култура в Лудогорието

Author(s): Nevena Gramatikova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

In mankind history all nations had discovered a variety of forms for manifestation of their outlooks and religious beliefs, for the preservation of the created by them culture and maintaining of their cultural memory. Heralds of the cultural and historical memory of every nation and tradition community are the created by them poetic stringed instrument are an important aspect of the religious customs of the Alevi-Bektashi community in Bulgaria, in the regions where it is localized. Apart from being a part of the religious custom, this has been transformed in a form of manifestation of this community and preservation of its identity. Verses with mystical-religious content, called nefesi, divans, ilahi, and performed with an accompaniment of a stringed musical instrument (saz) of their religious and domestic ceremonies, they reflect to the greatest extent the religious doctrine, beliefs, outlook and ethical system of this community; are an important source of the exploration of its history, religious and social tradition, of the specific character of the followed interpretation of the Islam. For ages, these verses have been handed over in a verbal manner and recorded by the adepts of that community. Among the most performed with an accompaniment of saz by the Alevi-Bektashi in the Ludogorie region are the nefesi of the most popularrepresentatives of that tradition - Pir Sultan Abdal, Shah Khatai, Kul Himmet, Kul Himmet Ustazim, Kul Hatmim, Kul Huseyin and etc. Rewritten and read are verses of Yunus Emre as well, his followers, using the same pseudonyms, and etc. Here were born, too, local creators of the mystic-religious verses in the casual style and music to them that Alevi-Bektashi perform, the most ardent of which is Muhyddin Abdal. Among the authors of nefesi, recorded by the Alevi-Bektashi in the Ludogorie region are also Abdal Musa, Kaygusuz, Shemsi Boba and etc. The performance of nefesi and ilahi at the meetings of the Alevi-Bektashi community in the Ludogorie region, for ages has played a social part, too, and it has a uniting function between the members of the jam. The moving and deep suggestions, expressed with these verses, inspire deem emotional awareness on the audience. They appear priceless heralds of the culture of the community. The article discusses some issues, uncovering that aspect of the Alevi-Bektashi culture in the Ludogorie region, for example, the place of the jam in the preservation of the poetic-musical memmory; the authors, whose nefesi were recorded by its adepts; the subjects covered by the nefesi. The connection of that tradition with the music was emphasized as well and it was closely connected with the music tradition of the Turk Central Asia, and on the role of the zakir for the handing over of the tradition to the generations. It was asserted, too, that these verses were a universal system of values, which the Alevi-Bektashi had been following for ages.

Ролята на списание „Луч“ в националноосвободителната борба на българите във Вардарска Македония 1937 — 1938 г.

Author(s): Kostadin Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2008

Magazine “Luch“ started in Skopje on 01.06.1937. It was created by the supporters of the idea for Macedonian autonomy. As their work the magazine is a new act for IMRO for legal liberty fight in Vardar Macedonia in 1934.

Русифициране на градското пространство. Варшава и провинциалните градове на кралство Полша през ХІХ и началото на ХХ в.

Author(s): Andrzej Szwarc / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 6/2016

From the late nineteenth century together with the rise of modern nationalism, a widely spread belief is that there is a natural antagonism between the nations, which also affects the field of culture. This seems particularly clear in the territories inhabited by people of ethnic groups that are not dominant and constitute the centralized European powers such as unified Germany and Russia. The article presents some aspects of the Russia‘s cultural policy towards Polish lands in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Part of this policy is the construction of monumental objects with civilian or religious purpose in the Polish cities, whose architecture hints at Russian traditions and their functions are considered a symbol of foreign domination.

Руската македонистка Р. П. Усикова продължава да заблуждава научния свят

Author(s): Ivan Duridanov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2000

In the above-mentioned article, a new research paper by the Russian scholar of Macedonian Studies R. P. Usikova is being criticized. Her paper was published under the title of "The Macedonian Language" in volume 2 of the collection called "Bases of Balkan Linguistics," S. Petersburg, "Nauka," 1998, pp. 136 - 188. The article reveals Usikova's falsifications and distortions of scientific truth. Some specific instances of such distortions are about the ethnic nature of the Slavonic population in Macedonia, and its cultural development as an inseparable part of the Bulgarian people - ever since the foundation of the Bulgarian state until nowadays.In the above-mentioned article, a new research paper by the Russian scholar of Macedonian Studies R. P. Usikova is being criticized. Her paper was published under the title of "The Macedonian Language" in volume 2 of the collection called "Bases of Balkan Linguistics," S. Petersburg, "Nauka," 1998, pp. 136 - 188. The article reveals Usikova's falsifications and distortions of scientific truth. Some specific instances of such distortions are about the ethnic nature of the Slavonic population in Macedonia, and its cultural development as an inseparable part of the Bulgarian people - ever since the foundation of the Bulgarian state until nowadays.

Руските революции през погледа на Николай Бердяев

Author(s): Asya Atanasova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 5/2016

Russian revolutions of 1917 still attract the attention of the historians. Was Russia able to avoid those cataclysms? Why was the Proletarian revolution accomplished in an undeveloped rural country? These and many other questions have answers sought in the perspicacious books of the Russian religious philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev. He is the man who saw the truth that the revolution was the internal destiny of the Russian people and that Bolshevism could only be defeated with intellectual overcoming and not with guns.

Руско-турската война 1877 – 1878 г., освобождението на България и зрелостта на българската историопис

Author(s): Plamen Mitev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2018

Русофилията като елемент от националния популизъм в Гърция

Author(s): Vassilis Petsinis / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 45/2016

This article concentrates on the phenomenon of Russophilia in Greece and situates it within the context of national populism. Numerous political analysts and journalists have not examined Russophilia in Greece as a component of a national populism which cuts across the traditional ‘left-right’ spectrum. This research is very topical at a time when Russia is emerging as a competitor to the EU and the Kremlin is searching for political allies throughout Central and Southeast Europe. This study demonstrates that the foundations of public Russophilia in Greece are feebler than many external commentators tend to estimate. A rather ahistorical and almost ‘Messianic’ notion of Russophilia interweaves with national populism in the light of the dispute with the EU and Germany over the management of the economic crisis.

РУССКИЙ ЦИКЛИЗМ И КОНЦЕПЦИЯ Н.Д. КОНДРАТЬЕВА

Author(s): Artur Rashidovich Mustafin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2015

This paper justifies the individualization of “Russian cyclism” in historiography and considers the possibility to draw parallels between the concepts developed by N.D. Kondratiev, N.Y. Danilevskii, P.A. Sorokin, A.L. Chizhevskii, and A.A. Bogdanov. Both common and individual traits of these cyclical concepts are analyzed. Our point of view on positioning “Russian cyclism” as a scientific school is expressed.

Русско-болгарские отношения и национальная самоидентичность в условиях глобализации

Author(s): Vladimir Koznechevskiy / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2012

С поглед към света и България

С поглед към света и България. Сборник в памет на проф. д-р Костадин Грозев. (2019). Съставител и научен редактор Евгения Калинова. София: Университетско издателство „Св. Климент Охридски“, 592 с.

Author(s): Evgenia Kalinova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2020

САЩ, 1865: Робството е мъртво! Да живее робството!

(Още за отношението "господар-роб" в модерната култура на Запада)

Author(s): Simeon Simeonov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

The study focuses on the problem of 'master-slave' relations in Modern Times. Analysing the ideology of slave ownership in the United States, the author puts forward the arguments about the continuity of the 'master' attitude in the conditions of the liberal democratic West.

Св. св. Кирил и Методий в Германия и Чехия: Места на национална памет, поклоннически и възпоменателни практики

Author(s): Tanya Matanova,Mariyanka Borissova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 18/2019

Objects of research are sites of national memory in Germany and Czech Republic, devoted to St. St. Cyril and Methodius – creators of the Slavonic script and pioneers of the Slavonic liturgy. Nowadays these sites of memory – monuments, chapels – are centers of pilgrimage and com-memorative practices.

Свети Дух – българският Духовден на Македония

Author(s): Margarita Cacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2017