O perspectivă comparativă asupra cercetării elitelor politice din secolele XIX-XX în Ungaria şi România

Author(s): Judit Pál,Vlad Popovici / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 61/2015

The paper offers a comparative overview on the evolution of research on 19th and 20th century political elites in Hungary and Romania (excluding the post-communist elites, which already enjoy special overviews for each country). It aims at explaining the particularities of each historiographical milieu in relation with this field of study, but also at building a stepping stone for future collaboration and improvement of knowledge. A glimpse back at the last decades highlights a lack of balance between the two countries. Its origins lay mostly in the differences in ideological pressure during the communist regime, which allowed in Hungary a more in-depth and better organized research on the subject, starting in late 1970s, while in Romania one can only speak about the study of political elites after 1990. Another important factor, with heavy impact at the methodological level, was the preference for different Western paradigms: while the Hungarian research was mainly influenced by the German approaches, the Romanian one kept close, until nowadays, to the French historical writing. Furthermore, the involvement of sociologists and political scientists in the study of the pre-communism period remains by far larger in Hungary than in Romania, resulting in seemingly better methodologically foundations of the modern age political elites research. While the last decade have shown a strong revival of historical political elites studies in Romania, areas of great interest and paramount importance (e.g. the prosopographical research on the Parliament of the Kingdom of Romania) still await to be researched.

Poznámky k typológii sakrálnej hudby (Od piesní ľudu k figurálnej hudbe)

Author(s): Darina Múdra / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2020

In researching the culture of sacred music (of the Roman Catholic Church, the major denomination) during the period of classicism on the territory of present-day Slovakia, we have reached a new stage of knowledge, enabling us by novel means to reassess the received image of how that culture was nurtured in our land. The new findings concern places where the musical art was cultivated (which can now be connected in the form of a musical network), musicians and musical families, the instrumentarium (organs and other instruments), and the repertoire. The creation of a musical network has been made possible by an exceptionally rich new factography with a powerful argumentative force, and also by a new typology based on criteria of a supremely musical nature (and secondarily, of a universal cultural nature). The decisive criterion was the character and level of performance practice, as applied in the given period.

Soňa Burlasová: Naratívne piesne o zbojníkoch. Príspevok k porovnávaciemu štúdiu

Author(s): Kristina Lomen / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2016

Review of: Soňa Burlasová: Naratívne piesne o zbojníkoch. Príspevok k porovnávaciemu štúdiu Bratislava : Eterna Press – Ústav etnológie SAV, 2015, 119 s. ISBN 978-80970975-4-7

K životnému jubileu Ľuby Ballovej

Author(s): Andrej Čepec / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2015

Minulý rok sme si v novembri pripomenuli osemdesiatročné jubileum muzikologičky PhDr. Ľuby Ballovej, CSc. Okrúhle životné výročia sú vždy vhodnou príležitosťou priblížiť si doterajšiu tvorivú prácu jubilantov a zhodnotiť ich prínos. Takmer polstoročie činorodého pôsobenia Ľuby Ballovej v hudobnom živote významne prispelo k hlbšiemu poznaniu hudobnej minulosti Slovenska a jej zviditeľňovaniu doma i v zahraničí. Množstvo publikovaných prác, realizovaných výstav, rozhlasových relácií, prednesených prednášok a referátov na domácej a zahraničnej pôde dokumentuje šírku profesijných záujmov a rozmanitosť spracúvaných tém, ktorým sa venovala.1

A Balkan “Archaeology” and the Crisis of Modernity - Afterword by Dejan Djokić

Author(s): Trajan Stojanović / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

In this posthumously published essay, Traian Stoianovich traces reasons for the crisis of modernity in the Balkans, from the Late Antiquity to the modern era. Stoianovich approaches the subject from the perspectives of both a micro historian and a transnational and global historian, always in dialogue with other disciplines. He looks at how the development of premodern Balkan nations and their medieval states was impacted by imperial conquests (Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman). He points out at both ruptures and continuities while analysing Balkan societies during the Ottoman era. The question of socioeconomic backwardness is given due consideration. Contrary to popular perceptions, the ideas of Enlightenment reached the Balkans and had an impact on the region, which tried to copy outside models. Following the Protestant Reformation and especially the French Revolution, two models of modernity emerged in Europe: Europe I of liberties (privileges) and Europe II of liberty. Stoianovich argues that among Orthodox Christians in the Balkans advocates of modernity tended to favour Europe II.

The pre-Afrasian coming of R1b-V88 haplogroup of Y-chromosome to Africa: a brief summary

Author(s): Aleksey A. Romanchuk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The paper presents a brief summary of the results of studieng of the historical context of coming of R1b-V88 haplogroup of Y-chromosome to Africa. The previous hypotheses about the time and circumstances of migration that brought R1b-V88 to Africa, such as “BaggaraArabs”, “Chadic”, and “Cardial ceramics” were considered. The analysis of haplogroup R1b-V88 distribution in Africaleads to the conclusion that none of these hypothesescan be accepted. We, apparently, in trying to explainthe distribution of R1b-V88 in Africa, must accept the “substrate” model as the main explanatory model. That is, based on the very significant antiquity of the appearanceof R1b-V88 in Africa. The author substantiates theneed to propose the pre-Afrasian penetration of R1b-V88into Africa. Considering the problem of localization of the Afrasian homeland, the author suggests that the formationof the Afroasiatic linguistic community was a muchmore non-linear process, lengthy in time, and took place, among other things, in the form of repeated and multidirectional migrations (as well as within the framework ofthe “long-distance” system of social interactions) over theperiod of 20000–12000 BP in a wide area that included theLevant and North Africa.

Arnold Tojnbi, Proučavanje istorije

Author(s): Kristina Bojanović / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 12/2024

Review of: Arnold Tojnbi, Proučavanje istorije, CID, Podgorica, 2024.

România și Grecia de la Mica Înțelegere a Femeilor la Conferințele balcanice

Author(s): Dana Elena Deaconu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

In the interwar period, women demonstrated that they could achieve success where the work of male politicians had failed.A landmark in the rapprochement policy between Romania and Greece in the period mentioned above, at a time when the right to vote had not yet been recognized for women, was the establishment of the Little Entente of Women.This organization gathered the women of Southern and Central Europe, making them accountable to history by their fight to maintain peace.Both Romania and Greece, as Balkan states, were represented at all the meetings of the Balkan Conferences, thus enhancing their common interests that inaugurated a foreign policy of increased understanding between the two states. They collaborated, conveying the socio-political problems of their countries and preventing possible misunderstandings between the two peoples, by peaceful means.

Мир-системный анализ и динамика древних и средневековых обществ

Author(s): Nikolay Nikolaevich Kradin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2024

World-system analysis has been around for nearly fifty years, with its origins often traced back to the publication of I. Wallerstein’s first volume of ‘The Capitalist World-System’ in 1974. This groundbreaking book generated significant attention and marked a new era in the study of historical processes by integrating linear perspectives (stadial theories) with discrete descriptions (civilizational approaches) of the past. The article explores how world-system analysis can be applied in archeology. It examines networks for the exchange of prestigious goods and information, discusses synchronous cycles of rise and decline in various regions of the world, and focuses specifically on world-system cycles during the Bronze and Iron Ages.

REVOLUTIONEN UND REFORMEN. 1848/49 IN DER (SPÄTEREN) CISLEITHANISCHEN HÄLFTE DER HABSBURGERMONARCHIE

Author(s): Peter Urbanitsch / Language(s): German Issue: 67/2024

At first the paper discusses the question whether the European events of 1848/49 can be regarded as one revolution or as a series of interconnected revolutions. As factors for the latter count the diversity of social groups and persons involved in the process, the plurality of problems addressed in the course of events and the ambivalently perceived valence of these problems in various regions as well as the variety of methods used to cope with the issues involved. In the western part of the Habsburg Monarchy three problem areas were of special significance: the expansion of political participation, the rising national awareness and the improvement of the social and material conditions of living for many population groups. Whereas the expansion of political participation in the diets of various provinces occurred in a rather evolutionary manner, the introduction of a single state-parliament and the accompanying electoral regulations amounted to a revolutionary break with the past. The dissimilar possibilities to participate pointed to the future, although they came into play fully only at different times. The attempt to convert the growing national awareness of parts of the population (nowhere as high as stated later) to political power, coupled with an administrative restructuring of the Habsburg Monarchy (discussed for the first time at the Reichstag of Vienna and Kremsier) was not successful at that time, but the Monarchy had to cope with the problems underlying these discussions until its very end. As to the efforts of actions taken to alleviate the “social question”, the revolutionary uprising of urban lower strata and industrial workers were in sum of little avail, contrary to the on the whole moderate appearance of the peasants which benefited from the legally endorsed (and never rescinded) abolition of dues and tributes to the lords of the manor (Grundentlastung) and the end of the manorial system, a benefit which however applied only to peasants (thus enabling them – at least in theory – to become part of the modern market economy) but not to the quite numerous agrarian lower classes. Yet the abolition of the manorial rule resulted in the creation of a modern and tight administrative organization by which the state was enabled to exert an extensive and still growing influence on the entire population.

Agroecology in Brazil and Italy: Comparative Analysis of the Historical Formation Process of Agroecology

Author(s): André Augusto Michelato Ghizelini,Gaio Cesare Pacini / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

The agroecological movement emerges as an alternative to modern agriculture and the conventionalization of organic farming. It advocates for the development of agri-food systems grounded in the principles of biodiversity, the strengthening of family farming, food sovereignty, and the reconnection between rural and urban areas. Understanding agroecological experiences worldwide is essential for evaluating their progress in building sustainable agroecosystems. This article aims to comparatively analyze the development of agroecology in Brazil and Italy, highlighting similarities and differences. In Italy, 19.68% of agricultural land is dedicated to organic production, compared to only 0.4% in Brazil—a difference of 49 times. Furthermore, 8.31% of Italian farms are organic, while in Brazil, the figure is only 1.28%. Both countries have followed different paths: in Brazil, the agroecological movement became consolidated in the 1990s, driven by the involvement of NGOs and family farmers. In contrast, in Italy, the movement gained momentum in 2015, with greater engagement from the scientific community. In Italy, agroecology developed within a context dominated by organic farming, whereas in Brazil, the agroecological movement preceded the institutionalization of organic agriculture.

КОТОР КАО ПОШТАНСКИ И ОБАВЕШТАЈНИ ЦЕНТАР ВЕНЕЦИЈАНСКЕ РЕПУБЛИКЕ У ЧЕТВРТОЈ И ПОЧЕТКОМ ПЕТЕ ДЕЦЕНИЈЕ 16. ВЕКА

Author(s): Jelica Vujović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 73/2024

The paper points out the possibility that the involvement/engagement of Trifun Drago, the nobleman/patrician of Kotor (Cattaro), in the field of organising postal traffic between Venice and Constantinople via Kotor began in 1533, and not two years later, which is the information present in historiography. It happened that during the fourth decade of the 16th century, Venetian officials stopped in Kotor when travelling between the two capitals. Owing to the orders of the Council of Ten addressed to the rectors and provisors of Kotor and their reports, as well as other sources, it is possible to reconstruct the organisation and functioning of the intelligence apparatus of the Republic of Venice. A significant link in this chain was the rector and provisor of Kotor, whose role was reflected in finding and sending trustees to Constantinople and forwarding letters and notifications to Constantinople and Venice.

Henry Thomson, (2024), Who Watches the Watchers. Communist Elites, the Secret Police and Social Order in Cold War Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 339 pp. presented by Mihaela TEODOR

Author(s): Mihaela TEODOR / Language(s): English Issue: 2(32)/2024

Book review. Henry Thomson, an accomplished political economist expert specializing in economic development and political transitions,published earlier in 2024, at Cambridge University Press its latest volume Who Watches the Watchers. Communist Elites, the Secret Police and Social Order in Cold War Europe, which is a compelling exploration of the “guardianship dilemma in authoritarian regimes”, as other reviewers stated.

Deux journaux viennois de langue française du XVIIIe siècle dans les collections de la Bibliothèque de Kórnik

Author(s): Adrien Quéret-Podesta / Language(s): French Issue: 41/2024

The present article focuses on two French language newspapers published in Vienna towards the end of 1787 and during the first months of 1788: Correspondance secrète, politique, civile et littéraire and the Correspondance universelle, ou Compilation générale et complète de tous les papiers publics les plus estimés. The only known (incomplete) collections of these titles are kept in the Polish Academy of Sciences Kórnik Library. Their analysis enables us to complement the rather fragmentary information on these newspapers contained in the modest relevant literature. It also shows that even though the overwhelming majority of the news they published was of second- and sometimes even third-hand origin, and although they also contained factual and linguistic errors, which seems to result from their authors’ careless attitude, the Correspondance secrète and the Correspondance universelle do possess a certain value as source materials for scholars researching 18th-century history. Finally, the analysis of the Correspondance secrète and the Correspondance universelle also brings precious information on Charles de Grandmenil, the editor of these and several other titles; indeed, an analysis of his working methods shows that he seemed to perceive the goal of his work chiefly from the perspective of profit and competition.

The History and Context of the Brno Ring Boulevard

Author(s): Adam Gudzek / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2024

Frequently compared to Vienna’s Ringstrasse, the Brno ring boulevard must nonetheless – despite the shared association with Ludwig Förster – be considered a completely unique urban development, dating to the end of the 18th century. Competition proposals for the design of the Brno ring boulevard predetermined the final form of the regulatory plan, which was used for the the curving boulevards constructed between 1863 and 1885. Although it might appear that Brno’s ‘ring’ was already complete in the 19th century, the 20th century was the time to see the greatest architectural change. The story of the ring boulevard began with Napoleon, and even after 200 years, its development is ongoing.

A Lost Opportunity: The Case of the Košice Ring Road

Author(s): Ján Sekan / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2024

The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive view of the development of ring boulevards in Košice, to relate their emergence to the expansion of urban planning in the broader European region, and to explain why these boulevards do not fulfill the functions held by ring streets in the cities that served as models for Košice. The topic of the ring boulevard and the growth of the city of Košice has already been addressed by several authors in the past, who primarily focused on the social and political conditions of the creation of ring boulevards1. While their sociological perspective on the topic is undoubtedly significant, the present text, by contrast, focuses more on research from the perspective of urban planning and architecture, emphasizing the role of the often obscure local builders whose contributions remain overshadowed by the works of well-known architects. And yet it was precisely these builders who determined the character of the city at the turn of the century. The text of this article is primarily based on the author’s current research and findings acquired in connection with their dissertation.

An Imperfect Circle: An Investigation into the Variations and Contrarian Phenomena of Several Unique Intrusive Ring Roads

Author(s): Cornelius van der Westhuizen / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2024

Wherever the circles of car infrastructures have been drawn onto the map of the city, invisible fortress walls have arisen. Disguised as arteries conveying essential life blood – but still as inaccessible as the stone walls that once guarded the town – the volatile nature of circular traffic belts surrounding a city makes them a site of contradictions. Decisive circular traffic interventions inserted into the periphery of the historical core of a city not only separate the old and the new, but equally the meaningful and the mundane. Moreover, the concept of a circular route on the edge of the old town holds a different interpretation on the European continent than in the British Isles, and especially in the southern African context. The numerous settlements under the influence of the Anglosphere have different interpretations to the development and design of the ring road concept. In the South African urban context, several variations of the ring road exist – and in the capital city, Pretoria, it is both the site of decisive interventions and abrupt isolation. What makes this intervention unique compared to its counterparts in Europe and Britain? This paper investigates the southern African interpretation of the non-navigable ring road as an imported planning model. In 1948, the town planners and the national government approved the Pretoria Traffic Plan, acting on the recommendation from the report published by the British town planner, Sir William Holford, and subsequently set about the dedicated goal of modernising the capital city. One of the principal recommendations of this report stipulated the regulation of traffic through the city, which proposed the removal of vehicular traffic from the historical city centre in favour of a more complex alternative system to the existing road network of Pretoria. This ring road underwent several variations, but its contradictory effect forever changed the urban tissue – and thus became both the site of linkages and segregation.

МЕЂУНАРОДНИ НАУЧНИ СКУП „ИСТОРИЈА ЈУГОСЛАВИЈЕ: ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ МЛАДИХ ИСТРАЖИВАЧА СА ПОСТЈУГОСЛОВЕНСКОГ ПРОСТОРА”, БЕОГРАД, ИНСТИТУТ ЗА НОВИЈУ ИСТОРИЈУ СРБИЈЕ, 15–18. ОКТОБАР 2024.

Author(s): Miloš Čorbić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2024

Lack of Trust between Ethnic Groups in Post-Ethnic Conflict Societies: Cases of Zimbabwe and Bosnia-Herzegovina

Author(s): Berina Beširović,Kudzai Cathrine BINGISAI / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2024

This paper shows how the processes of trust-building and power-sharing are evolving in the cases of Zimbabwe and Bosnia-Herzegovina after the conflict. The paper’s focus lies on lack of trust between different ethnic groups in the post-war period in terms of building political institutions and common political identity. Zimbabwe ethnic tensions originating from the Gukurahundi (1983-1987) between the Shona and the Ndebele people spilt over to the post-ethnic conflict society. Despite having the peace agreement known as the Unity Accord of 1987 to reduce tension in Zimbabwe, power-sharing remains the most untapped area for discussion. Similarly, the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina (1992-1995) and the ethnic distribution of power given by the Dayton Peace Agreement are still one of the most significant elements of uncertainty and insecurity with dysfunctional ethnically based power-sharing as a result. With this review paper, we tend to answer several questions: What is the primary source of distrust and insecurity in post-conflict societies in Zimbabwe and Bosnia concerning the origins of those issues? What are the efforts of state institutions to promote unity and peace, and how do these peace accords affect institution-building processes?

Феномен развития куманологии в Болгарии

Author(s): Nurken Ye. Kuzembaev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2025

The article deals with the specifics of the development of Bulgarian cumanology. In the course of historiographical analysis of special literature the following features of the development were revealed: the connection of cumanological research with the development of research on the medieval history and culture of Bulgaria; the study of the history of the development of the Kipchak problem in foreign and Bulgarian historical science; attention to the Kuman anthroponymy and the determination of the degree of influence of the Kipchak language on the language of the Bulgarian people; a special tolerant attitude to the nomadic history and culture. Along with this, new studies are appearing on the history of the Mongol conquest of European states and the role of the Cumans in this historical process. These scientific studies make it possible to significantly complete the historical picture of the stay of the Kipchak tribes in the West and to define the phenomenon of the Kipchak factor in the world history.