Уязвими групи лишени от свобода: Наръчник

Author(s): Alejandro Forero Cuéllar,María Celeste Tortosa,Klaus Dreckmann,Dimitar Markov,Maria Doichinova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 2015

In prison, certain groups of inmates are subject to disadvantages due to specifics of their origin, gender, sexual orientation, age, etc. These groups usually need special treatment, which is not always provided, which leads to unequal treatment and violation of their rights. This handbook examines the situation of such vulnerable groups within the prison systems of Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Lithuania and Spain. Starting from the classification of the UN Handbook on Prisoners with special needs and looking at the different national contexts, the authors identify different groups as vulnerable in different countries. In order to encompass as many groups as possible, their list was extended to include some particularly marginalised groups, such as sex offenders, prisoners with disabilities, etc. Each group is viewed in context, explaining the situations of vulnerability both generally and in the selected countries. From one side, the handbook presents the efforts for compensation of vulnerabilities in every country available in the legislation or provided by prison authorities or other actors. From the other side, it identifies the gaps in the measures and practices, which vary both from country to country and from group to group.

Уязвимост при "срещата" със смъртта на другия

Социоаналитични измерения

Author(s): Ivilina Genova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

In relation to the researched case, namely “The successful self-heritage after the encounter with death of the Other”, in the article I will present some of the main specifics and results in my work in the project “I have no one to turn to!” – socioanalytic dimensions of the vulnerability and using the methodology, integrated in the project of socioanalytical protocol. The main leading thread of my researches appear to be different forms of vulnerability, who could be observed and analysed in agents, suffered a loss of close person. First my work is focused on conducting socioanalytic conversations with agents, who lost their close ones. Abide by the received data socioanalytic identifiers, clear forms of vulnerability, caused by situational suffering stand out. Data of alethic and deontic modality and those that are connected with the everyday psychopathologies, which finds the agents (loneliness, sorrow, desolation, loss of sense and desire to live and others). In the second place my research has an experimental character, directed to examine, collect, cultivate and analyse data from the virtual space (Facebook), who has direct connection to the public denounce of suffering, cause by the lost of loved person. More specifically my work was directed to the profile of a suffering woman, who lost her mother. In the period of two years the woman herself made more than 80 publications, connected to the suffering, that she experiences after the loss of the loved one. That gave me ground to try to put the data in socioanalytic protocol, which has a task to show it, systemize and analyse it.

Уязвимост при хомосексуалния друг

Социаналитични измерения

Author(s): Radoslav Dayarski / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

In my article I will present the main results of my own work on the case “Homosexual Other”, which is a part of the project “I have no one to turn to!” – socioanalytical dimensions of vulnerability”, financed from NFNI and my work with the methodology, integrated in the project of socioanalytical protocol. As I am going from the problem of social vulnerability and self-heritage in the relations of the homosexual with his family and the closest ones, I will move to the problem of to project the living of free expressed homosexual identity. I will try to prove, that other than speech games between the body and the discourse, showed from the participants in the past conversations common use of indexal and deindexal phrases, different modalities appear, which could turn out to be socioanalytical data. After sharing the social experience with the participants, it seems that they share the lack of someone that can hear, understand and admit the suffering in different moments of their life. Consequently this helped to identify the analyzed as “vulnerable” and to put the problem for the possible self-heritage of the homosexual once again. Through analyzing fragments of the accumulated data in the past socioanalytical conversations, I will try to express the registered identifiers, who indicate to the problem of 1) reproducing the affectations and disorders of mood via “stress events”; 2) their return to the moment of sharing, 3) (in)possibilities of the homosexual to inherit his sexuality.

Факт и фикция в изграждането на медийните герои

Author(s): Bistra Velichkova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2017

The language is an indispensable part and instrument in the work of the media. Through it they recreate and tell facts of reality. In the process of the narrative, the use of language, either intentionally or unintentionally, often uses elements of fiction, making up the story, refining the facts in order to make the media story more engaging. The participants in the story often turn into media heroes. In this article, I investigate how the language that is used in the media in order to tell the facts turn them into fiction and thus creates media heroes. As a theoretical framework, I address the theories of fiction and language of Jeremy Bentham, Jean-Paul Sartre and Michel de Certeau. I choose them because of their common views on the language and its ability to change the reality in the narrative process, and thus to create a second, fictional reality. In the article, I examine examples of real-life individuals who, after their presentation in the media, turn into media heroes. These are representatives of the criminal world and the mafia in Bulgaria after 1990.

Фактори на удовлетвореността на началните учители от професионалната дейност

Author(s): Veselina Ivanova,Eleonora Mileva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 5/2020

The aim of the research is to examine primary teachers’ satisfaction with their professional activity. Subject of study are 232 primary school teachers who teach different school subjects from the 1st to the 4th grade. A modified questionnaire, with 22 items related to the satisfaction with the teaching profession, is applied. The following statistical methods are used: alternative analysis, variance analysis, non-parametric Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests and correlation analysis. The results show that the items with highest values for the primary teachers’ satisfaction are: the duration of holidays, the professional relations with colleagues, the professional relations with the school management, and with parents. The statistical analysis outlines some significant correlations between different factors of the teachers’ satisfaction. The results from the research reveal the main preconditions for improvement of the work conditions and of the social environment of the primary school teachers in the country

Факторите, които влияят на ангажираността на служителите

Author(s): Albena Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2017

The article presents some of the factors that affect employee engagement in terms of different models and practices for measuring and enhancing engagement. The presented models were developed by famous consulting companies like Gallup Organization and Aon Hewitt, by Wilmar Schaufeli and Patrick Lenchioni as well as analyses of recommendations given at Forbes articles in this sphere.

ФАКТОРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ПОМЕЩИЧЬЕГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА ЛАИШЕВСКОГО УЕЗДА КАЗАНСКОЙ ГУБЕРНИИ В ПОРЕФОРМЕННЫЙ ПЕРИОД

Author(s): Yelena Valerevna Mironova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2014

Using unpublished materials, we consider manor farms in the Laishevsky uyezd in the second half of the 19th and the early 20th century. By analyzing factors and patterns of development of manors of the nobility, we come to a conclusion that manors in this uyezd were in favorable geographical and socio-economic conditions. However, due to a number reasons such as loan debts, lack of agronomic knowledge among owners and stewards, landowners’ engagement in state service, the reduction of manor land ownership look place.

Фантазиите на Възраждането – генеалогиите

Author(s): Georgi Valchev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

Addressing the vicissitudes and times of triumph and failure in the life of Alexander Exarch (Alexander Boev – Beyoglu), a Bulgarian prominent public figure, the paper discusses the invention, construction and deconstruction of personal biographies in the period of the rise of Bulgarian nationalism in the Ottoman Empire. The latter, historically defined as а period of National Revival, mobilized the ambitions and efforts of Bulgarian revolutionary émigrés to turn into recognizable political subjects and reliable representatives of the national community. The case of Alexander Exarch is especially emblematic in this regard as far as he constructed his identity of a promising diplomate and politician on associations and suggestions for presumable aristocratic origin, coming from the byname “exarch”, added to the names of his family members. This byname perfectly assisted in procuring advocates for the Bulgarian cause in the European courts and circles, but at the same time, it attracted opponents among the émigrés, who blamed Alexander Exarch for taking advantage of “a fake noble exarchal genealogy”.The paper clearly shows how the invented biographies worked as an instrument for response and adaptation to dynamic historical contexts of profound and social transformation as well as how they confronted innovative personal strategies, traditional attitudes and local and translocal political projects.

ФАНТАСТИЧЕСКОЕ И РЕАЛЬНОЕ В РОМАНЕ О.А. СЛАВНИКОВОЙ «ЛЁГКАЯ ГОЛОВА»

Author(s): Galina Aleksandrovna Frolova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2016

This paper, on the basis of the novel “Light Head” by O.A. Slavnikova, considers the relation between classical and modern antiutopias. The basic principles of correlation between the fantastic and the real are explored. The forms and functions of the fantastic in the artistic structure of the analyzed literary work are identified. The paper analyzes from the above-stated perspective the problematics of antiutopia (freedom and captivity, confrontation between the individual and state), as well as the specifics of plot organization and conflict development, principles for disclosure of the disposition of characters (in the description of authorities, the fantastic element helps to identify their mechanicalness and impersonality; in the description of the main character, it shows that they stand out from the crowd). Furthermore, the role of computer game chronotope and related motifs (game, illusiveness, and simulation) are revealed. It is proved that the relation between the fantastic and the real in the novel under consideration contributes to actualization of the antiutopian discourse, grotesque sharpening of the real diseases of the society (displacement of the reality by simulation, absurdization of the reality, manipulations with the consciousness of the whole society and separate individual).

ФАНТАСТОВЕДЕНИЕ И ТЕОРИЯ ЖАНРОВ

Author(s): Artem Aleksandrovich Zubov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2016

Science fiction studies is a relatively young branch of the humanities that has emerged in the middle of the 20th century. Currently, science fiction studies is a vast network of interdisciplinary research that concentrates on functionality and poetics of fantastic (or, as John Clute has promoted since 2007, ‘fantastika’) literature, cinema, video games, comics etc. Search for genre identity is one of the main concerns of the genre theory in both academic methodology and science fiction studies. Scholars commonly single out three main approaches in the genre theory: essentialism, structuralism, and pragmatism. None of the approaches is universal, i.e., they are all characterized by both benefits and certain limits. While the former two approaches are influential and established analytical paradigms, the latter one is a recent analytical invention. Pragmatism of the genre theory is interdisciplinary per se – its methodology is based on social sciences, sociology of literature, cultural studies, and discourse studies. Pragmatism derives from a number of branches of the humanities in order to solve fundamental problems of the literary theory, particularly the problem of genre genesis. This paper is an attempt to delineate contours of the genre theory in science fiction studies from essentialism to pragmatism.

Фармакопорнографската ера

Author(s): Beatriz Presiado / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 21/2019

The following excerpt from Paul B. Preciado’s book “Testo Junkie: Sex; Drugs; and Biopolitics in the Pharmacopornographic Era” (2013) introduces the concept of pharmacopornography. The term is used to address the processes of a biomolecular (pharmaco) and semiotic-technical (pornographic) government of sexual subjectivity of which; according to the theoretician; “the pill” and Playboy are two paradigmatic offshoots. Drawing on the works of M. Foucault; A. Negri; D. Harraway; G. Agamben; M. McLuhan; etc.; Preciado attempts to map out the cartography of transformations in industrial production during the 20th century; using as an axis the political and technical management of the body; sex; and identity. Preciado states that the real stake of capitalism today is the pharmacopornographic control of subjectivity and argues that changes in capitalism that we are witnessing are characterized not only by the transformation of “gender;” “sex;” “sexuality;” “sexual identity;” and “pleasure” into objects of the political management of living but also by the fact that this management itself is carried out through the new dynamics of advanced technocapitalism; global media; and biotechnologies.

Фашизъм – националсоциализъм

Author(s): Voin Bojinov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

After the end of the World War One the old political habits were put under a serious test. The tough consequences of the conflict led to new ideologies that offered quick and easy recipes for coming out of the aftermath of the after military crisis. The Italian fascism, for example, promoted the vision of a strong state, guided by the Fascist Party and its leader. The leader, his party embodied the state. They were its image and content. These understandings were “further developed” by the German National Socialism, which added to them the racial hatred and the idea of the superiority of the Aryan. Everybody knows what the final of these political experiments was.

Феминизация на учителската професия в България

Author(s): Petrana Stoykova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 6/2018

Alongside with the massovisation of the Bulgarian education there is also a process of feminization of the teaching profession. According to Eurostat data from 2017, the demographic profile of the contemporary Bulgarian teacher is as follows: with bachelor or master degree (93% of the teaching staff); female (84% of all teachers in the country); over 50 years old (48% of the Bulgarian teachers). This article investigates different reasons for the feminisation of the teaching profession in Bulgaria and the consequences of turning this profession into a predominantly female one. The analysis is based on the results of 30 in-depth interviews with former and current Bulgarian teachers conducted by the author in March 2018.

Феминистките теории

Author(s): Ivan Evtimov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2018

Feminist sociology is centered around the woman in three ways. Firstly, the main subject of the survey is the situation or situations related to the experience of women in society. Secondly, she treats women as the central subject of the research process, that is, she strives to see the world through the woman's different view, the woman's vantage point in the world. Third, feminist theory is critical and active, seeking to create a better world for women, and hence for the whole of mankind. Feminist theories differ from other sociological theories in many ways. First, they are the work of an international community that includes not only sociologists but scientists from other disciplines such as anthropology, biology, economics, history, law, literature, philosophy, political science, psychology, and theology. This includes political activists of the women's movement, writers and other creative personalities from both Europe and the United States and from the Third World. Many sociologists are suspicious of feminist theories, finding them to be too radical and related to political activism.

Феномен соціальних мереж: парадокс залежності та варіативність моделювання

Author(s): Olena Hrybiuk / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 2/2017

Purpose. Іn the publication, a comparative analysis of scientifi callymethodical bases of modeling of the learning environment, including using social networking was shown. Variable models are represented on the basis of competencebased approach taking into account the main stages of the design. Methods. Theoretical (the analysis of philosophical, psychological, sociological, pedagogical and methodological publications on the subject of the study); the empirical (observation, survey, pedagogical experiment); methods of statistical data processing. Results. To improve effi ciency, including using social networking, it is recommended to consider the advantages of decentralized and centralized networks, improving the sustainability of horizontal communication, transparency, access to resources, monitoring of “reliability ratings”, limiting the number of network members, the formation and development of “competence networks”. Network stability is maintained even in case of instability of its membership and transaction volume. Based on the comparative analysis of the models considered in the present research, the principles of formation and coordination of the organizational structure in the virtual space. Differences due to the specifi cs regarding the use of modern information and cognitive technology, the inner logic of action and the specifi c culture of communication in the network. On the basis of similarities taking into account the analysed models, the prospect for further research is seen in the context of further ways to improve the effi ciency of agents in the virtual space, including social networks.

Феномен старења становништва Србије

Author(s): Mirjana M. Rašević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 3/2006

Central Serbia and Vojvodina are the areas where the process of demographic ageing has reached great ranges. Population ageing process will continue in near future, especially among the elder population. Poverty is the most widespread among the elders, who suffer worse living conditions and consuming structure comparing to the rest of population. At the same time there are clear weaknesses in institutional and instrumental fulfillment of the needs of elders. That is why this issue requires a political answer. At least a triple one. A Direct one, related to the recognition and realization of elders’ needs, than the one concerning the elongation of the period of good health, and finally the one that refers to insufficient natality as the main cause of population ageing.

ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГИЈА И ЕТИОЛОГИЈА МАЛОЛЕТНИЧКЕ ДЕЛИНКВЕНЦИЈЕ

Author(s): Jelena Simonović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 4/2019

Juvenile delinquency, as a negative social phenomenon, is characterised by an array of separate ethnoogical and phenomenological features which separate it from criminality of adults. It is separated as a special category within general criminality due to specific features related to biological, psycho-social, criminal political factors and therefore takes a special place in the legal system. Delinquent behaviour of juveniles presupposes a wide range of miscellaneous behaviour ranging from socially unadusted to criminal one. This phenomenon is also characterised by different names such as delinquency, educational neglect, antisoacial behaviour, hooliganism, social unadjustable status and, in a wider sense, difficulties in education, upbringing, disobeyance, loitering, drunkenness, running away from home. Causes of juvenile delinquency are in theory explained in different ways in which the basic characteristic of different explanations regarding basic factors causing juveniles to commit offences and crimes is that basically causes of that phenomenon are similarly observed. If we view delinquency as a social phenomenon, then we connect it to the social factors which contribute to the fact that young people do not socialise in the proper way, where, above all, family and family status are related to this phenomenon. However, as a large number of young people live in difficult financial conditions, but not all of them become delinquents, then, in accordance with some views, child's individual features have a crucial impact on starting with delinquency. Delinquency as a total of punishable ways of behaviour should be differentiated from criminality which makes the total of crimes.

ФЕРНАНДО ЧЕКА КРЕМАДЕС О ПРОБЛЕМЕ ИСТОКОВ РЕНЕССАНСА В ИСПАНИИ

Author(s): Natalia Vasilievna Antonova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2016

The present paper looks at the interpretation of the Early Renaissance Spanish culture by Fernando Checa Cremades (1952), one of the contemporary Spanish scholars. The research aims to introduce the peculiar concept of Spanish Renaissance created by F. Checa to the Russian academic circles. It focuses on the way the Spanish historian explains the first steps of Renaissance on the Iberian Peninsula and his views regarding various aspects of the Spanish culture during the second half of the 15th century and the early 16th century. To achieve the set objective, methods that are typically employed by historians for studying national intellectual heritage are used. The problem is considered from different perspectives in order to assess the validity and reliability of the approach. Both primary and secondary scholarly sources along with data from the scholarly debates on the subject are utilized to better understand the studied problem. The specific features of F. Checa’s conception are identified and the importance of his contribution into the Spanish and international tradition of studying the Renaissance culture is demonstrated by comparing the ideas presented by F. Checa with those expressed by Russian and European hispanists. The information provided in the present paper can be of interest both for historians and historiog-raphers, since it helps to gain an insight into the Spanish Renaissance culture and the contemporary Iberian intellectual tradition of understanding the past.

Фестивалите за „тежка“ музика между почитателите и местната общност: случаят „Каварна“

Author(s): Iliyana Choevska / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2018

The article looks into the festivals for “heavy” music in Bulgaria. The primary hypothesis, proven by the study, is that such events assist in the development of the settlements in which they are hosted, and benefit their residents in many fields,in particular tourism and local economy. The article focuses on the main “actors“ –the fans and the local community, based on a particular case. The festival “Kavarna rock“ is chosen as an example of a most successful event of this genre in our country, with 11 years of history. The study of the opinions of the fans and the residents, the organization and the evolution of the festival over the years of its life time, the issues that have had to be resolved, add up to a comprehensive picture of such events in our country. Even though the event is no longer being organized, the results achieved are an example of development of an alternative form of tourism in our country, which is still underdeveloped.

ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТ КАК ОСНОВА АРГУМЕНТОВ ГАЛЕНА В ПОЛЕМИКЕ С ОППОНЕНТАМИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ВТОРОЙ КНИГИ «ОБ УЧЕНИЯХ ГИППОКРАТА И ПЛАТОНА»)

Author(s): Dmitry Balalykin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

An analysis of the second book of the treatise De placitis Hippocratis et Platonis shows that Galen consistently builds his argument in a polemic with his opponents, empiricist doctors, on the basis of data obtained as a result of systematic anatomical dissections that can be considered the basis of “experiment” in ancient medicine. Galen's unique thinking manifests itself primarily in his synthetic approach to the formation of the theory of medical knowledge: he borrows the techniques necessary for carrying out tasks from different systems of natural philosophy, constantly rechecking their correctness on the help of extensive “experimental” data, such as the results of autopsies as well as anatomical and clinical observations. According to the author, his extensive polemic with the Stoics has an exclusively applied nature, as their philosophical views formed the basis of the empiricist natural philosophy. In the article, I raise the question of the relation between early Stoic ideas about the methods of knowledge with empiricist doctors' medical practice and their views on general pathology.