ГЕНДЕРНЫЕ СТЕРЕОТИПЫ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ПРОВИНЦИАЛЬНОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ: ОПЫТ СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ

Author(s): Irina Aleksandrovna Beginina,Sergej Grigorevich Ivchenkov,Nadezhda Vladimirovna Shakhmatova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2018

The article presents the results of the sociological survey conducted in Saratov and reveals the degree of gender stereotypes prevalence among youth. Gender stereotypes of provincial youth were identified and measured by means of such indicators as corresponding norms and values, feminine and masculine ideals, status-role dispositions of gender relations and behavior practices in the course of everyday life. The majority demonstrated stereotypical attitude to traditional role distribution in the family. Real practices are close enough to gender images. Approximately about 30 % of young people showed double-standard attitude. They are inclined to justify masculine polygamy in family and everyday life. Besides the gender stereotype of male friendship superiority over the feminine one is demonstrated, as well. The investigation showed traditional character of youth ideals concerning feminine and masculine essence. In the course of life youth start paying less attention to physical attractiveness; at the same time the importance of such characteristic features as self-confidence in men and faithfulness and understanding in women goes up with the course of time. The dominance of stereotype division in “male” and “female” occupations is pointed out. Every second youth is inclined to evaluate a woman-leader prejudicially. The contradiction between provincial youth self-evaluation of their independence from public opinion and real stereotype nature of more than half of Saratov youth is revealed. At the same time, this fact demonstrates an unconscious character of gender stereotypes of which the subjects of social interaction are not aware and which has a significant reproduction potential.

Генезис и развитие на китайската цивилизация

Author(s): Mariana Malinova Tien / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 2009

Chinese civilization is one of the five great nations that were evident in the ancient human history. Even today Chinese civilization is perceived and described in the academic literature as a civilization that is creating, developing and administering the ideology (religio-philosophical) and the cultural orientation of their neighbor countries. The forming of the cultural areal in East Asia has begun after the discovery of the Chinese hieroglyphs around 1000 years B.C. The author of this monograph is not repeating the known about the history of the Chinese civilization but she rather goes into a topic that is less explored. The chronological range of her research is from 3000 years B.C. to 8th century B.C.; from the end of Neolithic era to the first items made of iron. This book is among the first Bulgarian monographs on Asian topic. It is written by a scholar that speaks Chinese fluently, has diplomas from three Chinese universities and that had specialized Chinese archaeology, Old Chinese history and Old Chinese language. One of the biggest problems before the author and here work with the old texts has been the fact that she had to separate myths from history, because in the East traditionally from myths mark the beginning of history. In this book is reviewed the specific terminology in Chinese archaeology, especially the terminology from the Bronze era and the ancient Chinese bronze. In the book there are pictures of many Chinese archaeological items, or graphics of such with information about their physical characteristics and locations where they have been found. This academic work has contributed to the Bulgarian science society and more directly - to the Bulgarian Asian studies.

Германское общество в XVI – начале XIX вв. и переселенческое движение немцев в Российскую империю

Author(s): Serghei V. Kapustin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 6/2004

The article sets a question of social-anthropological approach to research of the situation in German society in 16th – early 19th cc. to reveal the reasons behind peculiarities of massive migration of Germans into the Russian Empire, in particular, into southern Bessarabia. The author draws attention to a deep psychological affect caused by an endless row of different disasters in Germany.Political and economic shocks accompanied by death of many people from Reformation till Napoleonic wars brought to changes in mentality and way of life. Laymen reduced to beggary and desperation were setting off to nowhere, regardless of counteractions undertaken by idle and ignorant nobility. Coming to Russia almost “naked” as they were, the Germans were given the status of colonists. The Czar’s administration ensured such conditions for the emigrants that enabled quick transformation of yesterday’s refugees into exemplary proprietors and law-abiding citizens.

Главна просторно-демографска обележја старачких домаћинстава у насељима Заплањa

Author(s): Marija Martinović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 3/2006

One of the main characteristics of the settlements in Zaplanje, since the Second World War, has been the negative developing trend of demographic complex. With the decrease of population number together with an intensive process of demographic ageing, there emerged a significant increase in overall number of the old-people households. Since Zaplanje is at the top on the list of Serbian territories with high proportion of old-people households in the total number of households, this article shows the spatial distribution of old-people households with their demographic characteristics.

Глазодвигательная активность при чтении у детей младших классов с разной степенью сформированности навыка чтения

Author(s): Mariana Bezrukikh,Vladimir Ivanov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2019

The study identified differences between good and poorly-reading first-grade students. This reflected in the shorter duration of fixations, the greater amplitude of saccades and the speed of reading, as well as the partial influence of the “complexity” of the text on the amplitude and number of regressive saccades. The differences were related to the degree of maturity of cognitive processes included in the psychophysiological structure of reading as a special type of cognitive activity.

Гликемичен статус на работещи в различни икономически сектори

Author(s): Milena Tabanska,Karolina Lyubomirova,Milena Stoycheva,Lydia Hristova,Nevena Tsacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2019

The project EPSILON - European Partnerships for Prevention and Social Innovations for Physicians through Trainings and Science, funded under the Operational Program “Human Resources Development”, allowed studying 150 employees from two age groups in four sectors of the economy (construction, clothing, hairdressing and cosmetics, and healthcare). The aim of the study is to seek links between working conditions and health status of workers at the beginning and at the end of their careers. The incidence of diabetes increases with age, in some cases work environment may adversely affect and increase the risk. Fasting blood glucose abnormalities were analyzed. 75% of the participants were without deviations, 10% experienced impaired fasting blood glucose, and 12.7 % had fasting blood glucose values for diabetes mellitus exceeding 7.0 mmol / l, requiring re-testing (2.3% in the young and 16.8% at the age over 55 years). The results suggest that a number of unfavorable factors related to living conditions have had their impact on workers over the years, and some of them may be of a professional nature.

ГЛОБАЛНИЯ ПАКТ ЗА МИГРАЦИЯ НА ООН – ОПАСНОСТ ИЛИ СПАСЕНИЕ ЗА ЕВРОПА?

Author(s): Vanya Hristova Stamatova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

The report looks at the major situation in the Global Migration Pact, defining its importance for the future measures to be taken in managing migratory processes and the benefits for individual countries.

Глобалното стареене

Author(s): Valentina Zlatanova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2015

The unprecedented increase in the relative size of the older population has created major challenges for many countries around the world. It strains existing systems of social and financial support for older people as the burdens of intergenerational dependency increase. In addition to these demographic changes, the trend toward ever-increasing economic globalization is in many countries transforming existing social institutions including the social welfare policies that support older people. The purposes of this article are twofold:First, the author reviews the main areas of research on global aging, including issues such as (1) family structure and living arrangements; (2) care burdens and (3) retirement and old-age financial security. In each of these areas, the research we suggest economic globalization that in the decades ahead developing countries are likely to be confronted with even greater challenges than the developed countries linked to population aging in an ever more competitive global economy. Second, the author suggests directions for future research on global aging for more adequate analysis of the links between global aging, economic globalization and social policies designed to deal with the well-being of workers across the life course up to and including old age.

Глобальний тренд індивідуалізації як фактор трансформації соціального характеру

Author(s): Kateryna Nastoiashcha / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 6/2019

The article is dedicated to individualization, which is considered as a globalization trend that affects all spheres of life of modern person, causing the transformation of social relations and social character. In particular, individualization as a trend has also caused some relevant accompanying tendencies such as atomization, alienation of personality, depersonalized communication and "colonization of the future" (Giddens) which changes the norms, rules of conduct and customs of a modern person. While market orientation (according to E. Fromm) has made a person pragmatic, cynical and commercialized all spheres of life, the rationalization with the domination of individualization as a global trend has redirected the vector to individual, personal rationalization, as a reflection on existential issues. The collected data also clearly indicates how quickly changes towards individualization in basic social values spread, transforming the social nature of postmodern society into a post-material one which transforms the system of everyday practices of the modern person.Purpose. To analyze how individualization as a global trend has influenced the transformation of the social nature, outline the main vectors of changes in social relations.Methods. The methods involved have been philosophical, general scientific and special sociological methods, in particular methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, reasoning by analogy, theoretical modeling, and the like. The author relies on the process and activity approaches, the theory of globalization and the sociology of social changes. Also data from world sociological studies has been applied to the analysis.Results. Individualization as a global trend has been proved to have influenced the transformation of the social character of modern society, in particular, in the formation of new value priorities and life goals of the individual, the emergence of new standards of conduct and daily practices. It can be assumed that the growth in the future of social responsibility and ecological consciousness will be positive in this context. At the same time, the growth of the role of the individual and his activity in the political and social sphere will lead to an increase in the "aggressiveness" of citizens and an increase in the conflict-related nature of social relations.Conclusions. The formation of a new social character, the emergence of new forms of social organization and communication (social networks, etc.) along with the strengthening of the vector of individualism will enhance the ability and ability of civil society to influence the power (new modern ways of organizational and technological influence). This will lead to the emergence of a new class – creative. The emergence of modern ideologies on the basis of communication, information and multimedia revolutions determines transformation of the society communicative space, which will further multiply new life styles based on practices of civic activity.

ГЛОБАЛЬНОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ: ОСНОВНЫЕ ТРЕНДЫ И ЧЕРТЫ

Author(s): Evgenija Mihailova Nikolaeva,Mikhail Dimitrijevich Schelkunov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2015

This paper considers general trends in the development of global higher education space, which is understood by us as a specific social and cultural universe manifesting itself in the complex of subjective, pragmatic, and environmental components. The trends and features discussed in the paper fix paradigm shifts in the sphere of higher education. These shifts determine its objectives, content, and organizational forms. In the context of the current socioeconomic reality, the role and position assumed by universities are changing dramatically. It becomes an entrepreneurial structure, effectively collaborating with business and government, integrated in the global space of higher education, and participating in knowledge transfer.

Гносеолошки модел класичне антропогеографије као општегеографске науке према концепцији Војислава С. Радовановића

Author(s): Mirko Grčić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 12/2015

Vojislav Radovanović belongs to the classics of Serbian anthropogeographic school and his extensive work is topical today, not only because of plenty of facts collected at the territory of Macedonia and Serbia in early and mid XX century, but also for conceptions and methods, as well as depth of thought and logic of his observations. The main goal of this research paper is to shed light on research principles of classics of Serbian anthropogeography, led by Jovan Cvijić and to consider the model of classic anthropogeography according to V. Radovanović, which is representing the foundation of modern geography in Serbia.

Годишно съдържание

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 6/2019

Големите данни, икономическите теории и политическата икономия на дигиталната икономика

Author(s): Hristo Prodanov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2019

The aim of this research is to reveal how big data change the character of economic theories, economics and politics during the transition to digital economy. On the one hand, economic science, as well as any science, is grounded on the analysis of particular empirical data and relevant theories. What we are witnessing today is an exponential leap in the amount of all kinds of data, which are changing the social science as a whole, and the economic science in particular. On the other hand, there are changes in the object and the subject of economic knowledge. Big data have consequences for the way economy works, for the whole interaction between technological, economic and political factors. The research is theoretical and is grounded on the current discussion between the supporters of the end of theory and their opponents. To achieve this goal, I consistently examine the relationship between economic theories and data, the need of changes in economic theories, and the changes in politico-economic systems as a result of the introduction of big data. The conclusion is that there is a tendency and a need of a qualitative changes in the empirical bases of economic research, but the argument is sustained that there is a need of economic theory that should be developed in a direction towards a political economy of big data. The study marks the beginning of a discussion on that topic in Bulgaria.

Големият преход: възгледите на Бернард Мунтян за обществото и човека, идеологията и лъжата

Author(s): Petar Emil-Mitev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3-4/2017

The article presents the views of the eminent Bulgarian philosopher Bernard Muntyan on society and humankind. The 21st century brought drastic intensity to the contradiction between the objectivity of knowledge in the sphere of science, and non-objectivity/the lie in the sphere of ideology; between the global universal human problems and the search for regional/national benefits derived from unilateral decisions. Muntyan looks for the root of this contradiction, defines the risks it holds, and the ways to overcome it. The lie is part of the ideology that legitimates and upholds the clashing interests of different social groups and communities. In fact, universal human interests are a priority on the social agenda. Thus, the lie becomes a global problem. Moreover, it is a basic problem, because, on the one hand, it is a barrier that must be surmounted in order to overcome all other barriers; on the other hand, the barrier is growing higher instead of being reduced.

Гората – очарованието на живота

Author(s): Elena Milcheva,Ignat Ignatov,Venetka Ilieva,Irinka Hristova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 5/2019

A group of students from 10v grade whose specialty is “Forestry and Hunting Enterprise” represented a STEM lesson devoted to the celebration of eminent anniversaries in our high school. Knowledge from the special subjects Dendrology, Silviculture, Soil Science was presented during the lesson. The students showed great competence in the general subjects, too: Physics, Mathematics, Computer Sciences and Information Technologies. The presentation of the subjects included some quotations from Nikolay Haytov’s works. The famous Bulgarian writer had worked as an engineer-arborist also.

ГОРОД САКСИН: МЕСТОПОЛОЖЕНИЕ И НАСЕЛЕНИЕ (ПО ПИСЬМЕННЫМ ИСТОЧНИКАМ И МАТЕРИАЛАМ САМОСДЕЛЬСКОГО ГОРОДИЩА)

Author(s): Dimitrii Viktorovich Vasilev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2015

A substantial amount of materials has been gathered in the recent years during the archaeological excavations. It is possible to determine the specific geographical location of the city of Saksin based on these materials. Abu Hamid al-Gharnati’s words about this city and the region of Saksin add to the results of archaeological research. The city of Saksin can be confidently localized in the settlement of Samosdelka within the delta of the Volga River, as evidenced by al-Gharnati’s descriptions of the river bed width, many rivers full of fish, and “mountains” (Baer’s Hills). The ethnic origin of Samosdelka ceramics corresponds to ethnoses mentioned by al-Gharnati: Oguzes, Bulgars, Suvars, and Khazars.

ГОРОДСКОЙ ПАТРИОТИЗМ САЛИМБЕНЕ ПАРМСКОГО

Author(s): Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Zaitsev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2016

The article deals with a number of aspects of the medieval men’s social identity. The main person, whose identity is analyzed, is the famous native of the city of Parma – Minorite Salimbene (1221 – c. 1288). Discussion issues are related to the local patriotism as a specific, integral element, structuring the identity of the typical city-dweller in the high Middle Ages, Proto- and early Renaissance. The question concerns local patriotism of Salimbene himself. In historiography Salimbene’s local patriotism manifestations are largely considered to be insignificant. Therefore, there is no need in reconstruction of this subject as the element of Salimbene’s world view for a keen understanding of the sociocultural realities of Duecento Italy. Here is the exploration of the character of his local patriotism based on the previous historiographical research and Salimbene’s main work – “Chronicle”. Certain appraisals of Salimbene’s personality and his legacy are clarified. In particular, it calls into question the removal of local patriotism problem in connection with a tendency of Salimbene’s thinking on a more general (church and national) level. The conclusions are made about the significant influence of the local patriotic mindset (a kind of patriotic “prism”) on Salimbene, on his attitude toward certain people, “parties”, authorities, church, etc., on his world view in general.

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЕ НАГРАДЫ КАК ПРЕДМЕТ СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

Author(s): Aleksey Ruchkin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2013

In the article the author analyses the approaches to notions of "reward" and "public Award" in the so-ciological context based on a critical and comparative analysis, gives the author's definition. The aim of this paper is to identify major issues associated with the uncertainty of definition in sociological science and legis-lative practice to reveal the problematization of society and public policy through national awards.

Готови ли са потребителите да плащат за чиста енергия?

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 2009

Bulgarian households pay the lowest price of electricity in Europe in absolute terms. Price increases are inevitable to cover costs of new investments in production and transmission. Bulgaria has signed binding agreements within the European Union to achieve 16% of final or energy consumption from renewable energy sources (RES) by 2020, which will bring further pressure on prices for final consumers. Are Bulgarian households ready to foot the bill of more expensive electricity? How much more are they willing to fork out of their budget for green energy? A mere 13% of Bulgarian households are willing to pay extra for clean energy. Of those 82.5% would only bear a modest increase in their electricity bills – with up to 10%. Willingness to pay a ‘green energy premium’ is directly linked to the level of income. Low income households support cheaper although ‘dirtier’ energy. 63% of the population has used wood for heating, which remains the cheapest energy source. This shows that sustainable development through RES is not readily supported by Bulgarian consumers and there is a need of economic stimuli and campaigns to activate people and businesses in that direction. The Bulgarian government needs to balance carefully between new investments and the effects of price increases on socially and energy vulnerable members of society.

Готовност за включване на образованието в „свързания свят“

Author(s): Olya Harizanova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 7/2016

The paper analyses Bulgarian schools’ readiness to respond to the recent information society’s challenges. It is based on the data from a survey of teachers who participated in seminars under the project ‘’Promoting Excellence in Teaching and Research in EU Studies at Primary and Secondary School Level through Digital and Virtualisation Tools (EU PETR)”. The respondents were asked to answer questions related to: (1) the frequency of using electronic resources; (2) the most frequently used instructional e-resources, and (3) the most frequently applied e-resources by them. The analysis is based on the assumption that the ICT situation of the schools in the country has a key significance for Bulgarian development in the era of mass mobile communications and services, increasing e-business and cloud-based applications, the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Internet for All. Today it is not enough to have access to a computer and internet; the most important thing is to be information literate and acculturated (to have knowledge of computer systems, cyberspace, to work with information resources, to observe the rules of conduct in the virtual environment, etc.). In a world where information is the key resource for development, and people/consumers create virtual communities (which are characterized with a purposeful use of ICT), the lack of information culture guarantees “digital slavery”. It is prognosticated that the tendency for connectivity among information technologies, artificial and natural systems, people and man-made parallel virtual words will be reinforced in the near future. At the same time, analysis results show evidence of a digital gap in our educational system. Bulgarian schools seem digitally disadvantaged for the ICT world challenges and are apparently unable to meet the real practical needs. As a result, there is a significant contradiction between public expectations and Bulgarian schools’ ability to respond to the new ICT tasks with state-of-the-art instruments.