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Christian Stegbauer: Wikipedia: Das Rätsel der Kooperation. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2009, Wiesbaden. 321 p.
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Aim: Generations can be defined as age groups influenced by political, cultural and other variables between periods. However, it is clear that there is not only age difference in the single detail that separates the generations from each other. It has been pointed out in literature that there are profound differences between generations in all organisational aspects. Organisational silence/voice, an organisational behaviour could differ in different generations. Leadership studies should keep up with the expectations of new coing generations. In this respect, the aim of this study is to evaluate the level of silence/voice within the organization on the basis of generations. Method: 30-item Organisational Silence Scale was used with convenience sampling method on a research set of fuel oil workers. The sample of the study consisted of 133 employees from 10 stations of a fuel distibution company in Istanbul. Findings: It was demonstrated that the general organisational silence level of Generation X is higher that Generation Y’s. Results: The utomost conntribution of this study is to give insights for managers in order to create a proper organisational climate considering the characteristics of Generation X and generation Y.
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The European Union (EU) is under severe pressure, due to the multiple crises it has to manage. Among them, the refugee crisis is remarkable, since it is shaking both the individual member states and the EU as a whole. The media coverage of the refugee crisis is important because the media still are the main source of information concerning distant issues (the refugee crisis included), and as such it facilitates people’s access to social reality. Using the perspective of agenda-setting and the conceptual background of framing theory, we aim to (1) identify the most prominent frames online media employ with reference to the refugee crisis, and (2) reveal the tone of voice online media use when portraying issues related to this crisis. To achieve these two goals, we content analyzed 1493 online news articles, published between April 15, 2015 and February 29, 2016. Main findings show that online media outlets mainly refer to the refugee crisis in terms of responsibility and conflict, in this order of prominence. At the same time, online media portals prefer using a reasonably balanced viewpoint when portraying the refugees, and a slightly negative one in terms of attitudes towards the European Union.
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The purpose of the paper is to recapitulate the most significant aspects and results of subcultural studies in international and Hungarian relations. In the research process, Zoltán Kacsuk’s three wave subdivision is used, which helps to show the subcultural studies with appropriate continuity. The content spreads from the Chicago School and deviance through the Birmingham School, its critics and style to the millennium years and post-subcultural studies. Differences between subculture and counterculture are also highlighted. The main goal of the paper is to carry out a well-summarized research on subcultural studies, which provides a useful theoretical analysis for other subcultural studies.
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Hipoteza badawcza sformułowana w artykule brzmi: wiktymizacja jest powszechnym zjawiskiem na polskim rynku usług bankowych, a edukacja finansowa stanowi jedno z istotnych narzędzi jej ograniczania. Weryfikacja hipotezy okazała się możliwa dzięki realizacji dwóch celów: (1) zdiagnozowania, jaki odsetek Polaków był/czuł się pokrzywdzony w kontaktach z bankiem i z jakiego powodu; (2) przedstawienia edukacji finansowej jako jednego z narzędzi ograniczania ryzyka realnego występowania i skali missellingu, a tym samym – wiktymizacji klientów bankowych. Niezbędne do dokonania analiz dane pochodzą z ogólnopolskich badań ankietowych zrealizowanych w 2017 r. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły pozytywnie zweryfikować hipotezę badawczą. Około 39% ankietowanych zadeklarowało, że doznało krzywdy w relacjach z bankiem. Wśród powodów poczucia niesprawiedliwości znalazła się oferta nieadekwatna do potrzeb klientów, postrzegana przez pryzmat prowadzonej przez banki polityki cenowej, produktowej, sprzedażowej i marketingowej. Ważną rolę w walce z missellingiem odgrywa edukacja ekonomiczna, która powinna być realizowana w kompleksowy sposób z wykorzystaniem metod adekwatnych do potrzeb różnych grup społecznych. The following research hypothesis was put forward in the article: victimisation is a common phenomenon on the Polish market of banking services and financial education constitutes one of the important factors for its reduction. The hypothesis’ verification was possible as a consequence of realisation of the following goals: 1) diagnosing what percentage of Poles was/felt victimised in contacts with banks and for what reasons; 2) presenting financial education as one of the tools for risk reduction of the actual occurrence and scale of misselling that leads tovictimisation of bank clients. The data needed for conducting analyses originate from surveys carried out in Poland in 2017. The collected results allowed for positive verification of the research hypothesis. Approximately 39% of the respondents declared that they felt disadvantaged in their relations with a bank. Among the reasons underlying the sense of injustice was an inadequate, in terms of their needs, offer perceived through the prism of pricing, product, sales and marketing policies used by banks. Economic education plays an important role in fighting misselling. It should be implemented in a comprehensive manner using a variety of methods appropriate for different social groups.
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Wieluńskie Towarzystwo Naukowe działa na podstawie Statutu, uchwalonego przez Walne Zebranie Członków Założycieli Towarzystwa w dniu 18 listopada 1999 r. Postanowieniem Sądu Okręgowego w Sieradzu z 7 lutego 2000 r. Towarzystwo zarejestrowano jako stowarzyszenie i na tej podstawie 28 lutego 2000 r. wpisano do Rejestru Stowarzyszeń w Sądzie Okręgowym pod nr St. 609. Wojewódzki Urząd Statystyczny w Łodzi – Oddział w Sieradzu nadał Towarzystwu REGON – Nr 731021246. Postanowieniem Sądu Rejonowego dla Łodzi-Sródmieścia w Łodzi, XX Wydział Krajowego Rejestru Sądowego z 31 lipca 2009 r. Wieluńskie Towarzystwo Naukowe wpisano do Krajowego Rejestru Sądowego pod numerem 0000334272. Od 2003 r. Wieluńskie Towarzystwo Naukowe jest członkiem Ruchu Stowarzyszeń Regionalnych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej.
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Nowadays mediatised society, with significant grow of popularity of so-called new media, calls for a new or at least innovated media (literacy) education. In this study I challenge this assumption and critically approach the current state. In my text, I review the current discussion in the Czech Republic, as well as historical media educational moments, which I consider crucial and exemplary in order to showcase the fragmentation of the whole field. I point out the elementary educational principles and their more or less explicit inclusion of media, as already formulated by Comenius in the 17th century. Further in the text I focus on the didactical use of film at schools and the aesthetically framed film education of both the 1960s and 2010 (when it was introduced to the school curricula). This leads me to a critical analysis of the curricular Media Education as it has been introduced to the whole Czech system of formal education since 2006. By discussing these three fragments, I create a momentum of continuity within the field; a continuity that provides a rich body of theoretical framing(s), terminological and practical experience and tools. This enables me to advocate for an integrated, historically rooted approach to media (literacy) education which will be not only suitable for the current situation of traditional and new media, but will also be capable to adjust educational actions with less effort and less fragmentation to the future development of media.
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The aim of the study is to demonstrate the cross-curricular character of media competence developed in the process of media education that is integrated into the content of school education in accordance with the prevailing current international curriculum trends and with emphasis on the Slovak curriculum. In terms of comparing the conditions during the period of incorporation of media education as a compulsory part of the content of Slovak education system with the contemporary innovated form of the curriculum, the study mainly presents which school subjects are instrumental in developing the dimensions of media competence of students, especially within complete secondary general education, and how they participate in the development. The key aim is to investigate the problem on the basis of a qualitative content analysis of innovated learning standards of compulsory subjects, specifically for the level of upper secondary education (grammar schools), with the intention of identifying the required quality of media competence within the specified educational objectives. Minding the determined categories of the content analysis, a theoretical activity-based media-competency model is applied with the main dimensions as follows: getting to know media and their products; critical evaluation and taking a value stand on media products; media products creation and dissemination, and the derived main educational objectives. The model includes the current key framework activity categories stimulating the required development of media competence or literacy in the context of Slovak educational policy.
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This article offers an insight into the history of the U.S. space program, including its cultural and political aspects. Starting from the vision of space as a new field of peaceful andexciting exploration, predominant in the first half of the 20th century, moving through the period of the intensive and eventually fruitful Cold War competition between the two belligerent ideological blocs led by the United States and the Soviet Union, and ending with the present-day cooling of the space enthusiasm, it focuses on the main actors and eventsof the century-long struggle for reaching the stars. The article is based in part on primary journalistic sources in order to capture the social atmosphere of the times it focuses on. It points out to the mid-1960s as the time when the noble aspirations and optimism of the early cosmic endeavors started to succumb to the pressure of reality, which caused the overwhelming stagnation of space initiatives, effectively ending the Golden Age of extraterrestrial exploration. This argument is backed by an analysis of historical developments leading to and following the American conquest of the Moon.
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The Hāsyārṇava of Jagadīśvara (14th century CE), because of its crude and, sometimes, vulgar tones, is one of the least studied prahasanas. The work depicts the celebration of the Spring Festival, Vasantotsava, with particular features which have few parallels in Sanskrit literature. The sacred meaning of the festivity in itself, which showed connections with the cult of Kāma and in this way centred on the themes of birth and regeneration, is mocked through comical devices. These themes contribute to outline a frame characterized by vulgarand degraded sexual elements. Despite its farcical and grotesque atmosphere, this comical piece undoubtedly underlines deep connections existing between a ritualistic act (understood here as the undertaking of the rite in the prahasana itself) and performative theatre in general.
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The Polish community suffers from weakening national bonds and therefore it has difficulties with defining its identity. Grandiose declarations are an embarrassing confirmation of this fact. No great idea capable of raising a future project for Poland is apparent. Is the Jagiellonian Idea capable of strengthening bonds, perhaps of giving impulse to a metamorphosis? Can it offer a project for tomorrow? Only what will be accepted by collective recognition as a project designed to ensure the existence of the national community has future. And by ‘existence’ I mean not only a verbalized identity, but also the capacity to carry out necessary changes independently. The article presents the view that the Jagiellonian Idea does not rest on facts, but on an imagined picture of the one-time Rzeczpospolita. It presents a thesis about the connection between the flourishing of that state and the acceleration of transformations tied to the dialogic vortex generated by the Baltic-Black Sea axis of concentration. The failure of that project is ascribed to the changed circumstances, and perhaps to the insufficient energy elicited by this dialogic vortex. The experience of the Rzeczpospolita as a European project, in turn, indicates the road we may take today toward the completion of the transformation begun in 1989.
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The article aims to discuss the concept of political culture as a powerful tool for shaping thoughts and actions of individuals and communities (societies). By elaborating on the Jagiellonian Idea (JI) - its specific features and implementation, the author seeks to provide answers to several questions including: what made the JI a vibrant political and social concept being undertaken over centuries by some politicians, social leaders, researchers and scholars – is it just an attractive narrative which recalls times when Poland was a powerful state or is it a realistic program still applicable to contemporary societies? What kind of features of the JI concept may be selected, adjusted and developed today in the international and intercivizational dimensions? If at all possible, thus by what kind of means and under what conditions? These and other aspects of the JI as a specific expression of political culture are the core of the article.
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The Jagiellonian idea was a constant inspiration in the political and social action of John Paul II in relation to Poland and Central Europe throughout the entire period of his pontificate. It is difficult to find another political idea – apart from his consistently anti-totalitarian and anti-communist stance – which would determine his teaching to a greater extent. The purpose of this article is to present the author’s interpretation as to which experiences and ideas shaped this approach of the Polish pope. Reference will be made to the pope’s statements, his political thought and practical actions as the head of the Holy See.
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The most significant aim of this article is to present the issue of migration as a complex, multi-faceted and widespread phenomenon known to Poles for an extended time. The migration typology is presented with particular emphasis on pre- and post-accession migration, also called old migration and new migration in order to show significant differences in defining old and new migrations. In addition, the author attempts to illustrate the history of migration from Poland which is not an innovative social issue other than a strategy through which people have constantly sought to solve the problems and risks accompanying their lives. Recent years have been the “steep streams” of migration of Polish citizens primarily due to the accession of our country into the European Union on 1st May 2004 as well as after the ratification of the Schengen Treaty – undoubtedly facilitated the movement of Poles.
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After the end of World War II, several thousand of Polish Orthodox citizens settled in Great Britain. The Government of the Republic of Poland in exile attempted to provide religious assistance to those people. Spiritual care was provided by two exiled Polish bishops (Archbishop Sawa and Bishop Matthew). In the first years of the post-war period, the Polish Orthodox Church in Great Britain was established, which comprised a few thousand members and was subject to the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Orthodox emigrants functioned in isolation from the Orthodox Church in Poland. Polish Orthodox communities in Britain were known for their diversity of nationalities. Most of the worshippers were Belarusians and Ukrainians. The diversity of nationalities has often been a source of confusion and conflicts between the faithful and the clergy.
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The article discusses the issue of normative protection of national heritage by the Polish government-in-exile in the second half of the 20th century. Based on the legal acts signed by this government, unrecognised by the communist governments in Warsaw and the vast majority of international organisations, initially published in France and later, until 1990, in London, it was attempted to bring focus to these activities, particularly in the context of selected projects and the level of their financing. The narrative does not omit the system, introduced by the decree of President Zaleski, for voluntary contributions from citizens who recognised his authority in this matter, for example, for the Polish culture, as well as changes in the national emblem aimed at the confirmation of its centuries-old relationship with Christianity. Despite a relatively small possibility of having real impact on the course of global events, the organisational and financial effort made by the government-in-exile should be assessed positively, bearing in mind that, after the war, virtually all tools in the area of such activity rested in the hands of communist government leaders in the country.
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