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The text is an attempt to analyze literary postmemory representation in three scenes confronted with the language of art. The subject matter are novels: Zagłada (Extinction) by Piotr Szewc, Tworki by Marek Bieńczyk and Pensjonat (Pension) by Piotr Paziński and an exhibition: Poland – Israel – Germany. Auschwitz Experience at the Museum of Contemporary Art MOCAK in Krakow. These books had their premieres at intervals of at least ten years, becoming marks of consecutive decades of duration of the concept of postmemory. Zagłada (1987), Tworki (1999) and Pensjonat (2009) could be read as another mainstream views of the postmemory and building a horizon of contemporary Polish literature. In dialogue with these novels an exhibition open on the 15th of May, 2015 in MOCAK has been submitted to analysis. The intention of the text is to point transformations in postmemory in different fields of artistic activity.
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The Cartographer of Juan Mayorga was inspired by a visit to Warsaw in 2008. The author went on a ‘walk through an invisible Warsaw’, as he himself described it. It was a journey which followed the places pictured in photographs from the ghetto, which Mayorga saw at an exhibition at the Nożyki Synagogue. I was able to find them. Since photographs play an ‘essential role as a medium of postmemory’, as stressed by Marianne Hirsch, one of the leading researchers on postmemory processes in her paper The Generation of Postmemory, I would like to consider the means by which the photographs from the ghetto have initiated the effect of (affiliative) postmemory on this contemporary playwright (born in 1965), who has no connection to the Holocaust either through his family or even national background. I would also like to explore their effect on the dramatic developments of The Cartographer which take place within two time frames – Warsaw in 1940 as well as contemporarily.
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The author suggests a possible use of postmemory to analyse the contemporary family memory of the people of Silesia. Their memoirs about WW2 (such as working for the Wehrmacht, the Red Army invading Silesia, working in labour camps, nationality verification, displacements to Germany, and deportations to Siberia) bear signs of latent memory which is rarely revealed even to the next of kin. Present mainly within the family circle, within the local society, and among friends, these memoirs integrated Silesians and made them a unique community that considers itself a stigmatized minority. This contributed to mythologizing and stereotyping the whole memory. The family memory of the past events, full of emotions and understatements, often contradicting the official version of history, has been developed by children and grandchildren who tried to learn about it and understand it. As a result of political changes that occurred in Poland after 1989 – which triggered a slow process of memory democratisation and incorporation of Silesians’ memoirs into the official history – new academic papers, memoirs, and documentaries were released. This process inspired the second and the third generations of Silesians to share ‘family myths and legends’.
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This article presents the general problem of the postmemorial character of parts of contemporary historiography. An illustration of this issue is the preliminary analysis of descriptions of Polish‑Ukrainian relations during World War II. The analysis is based on tropes derived from genocide studies. Several research hypotheses were formulated on this basis. They require further verification. This is, among others, the question of introducing the concept of ‘social postmemory’ and showing its relation to historical policy. Promising seems to the perception of the connection between post‑memory, discursiveness, and eristic. The issue of intergenerational dialogue on the past and memory has also emerged in the background of deliberations. In the article, an ethno‑historical variant of practicing history has also been criticized in an indirect way.
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The story of the exiles of the Zhukovsky family is presented in the paper. Analyses were based on interviews with Dagmara, the daughter, two documentaries: On memory paths and Crust of Bread, and a manuscript written on the basis of Danuta and Bogusław recollections by Dagmara. Hypotheses of the paper were the following: a story of a family is the history of a nation. There is a parallel between historical events and an individual’s fate. The ancestors, need to tell one’s story and the descendants’ need to hear it are reciprocal ones and can be interpreted as a cultural mechanism of incorporation new texts into a culture memory. On an individual level it gives rise to the feeling of dignity and power. Marianne Hirsch’s theory of post‑memory and Yury Lotman’s concept of ‘remembering – forgetting’ mechanism were utilized to present and interpret memories of Boguslav and Danuta Zhukovsky and their descendant – Dagmara. The reasons for reaching into the past and coming back to Syberia were also analysed.
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Sexuality plays an important role in human life. It is a basic factor of personality, agreement with others, expressing and of experiencing human love. However, it is necessary to notice that nowadays the field of human sexuality collides with some concepts and events that make it trivialized. Modern culture separates sexuality from the man’s supernatural vocation, from the integral vision of the person, and basically brings it to the aspect of urges. In this perspective, a reference of human sexuality to the world of moral values is an incredibly important task. These values are marriage, family, procreation and love. Furthermore, the most important entities which influence the attitudes in the field of human sexuality are: family, school and church.
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The environmental protection and maintaining the competitiveness of the EU on the world market can go hand in hand, and the environmental policy can play a key role in creating jobs and stimulating investment. Ecological growth requires thedevelopment of an integrated legal and institutional policy, supporting the principles of environmental sustainability. Eco-innovation can be realized and they can increase the Europe’s competitiveness and improve the quality of life of Europeans. Honesty is of paramount importance in this context.
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The paper describes the conceipt of knowledge-based economy, the knowledge sector, value chains, the international competitiveness and the international division of labour from the point of view of innovativeness. The problems technology level, economic security and structural choice were also discussed.
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Economic security is a broad term because of the level it concerns. In the macro scale there exist attributes which are different than these of micro level. The macro level concerns mainly social security and thus many of prominent international institutions construct their indicators of such a security. At the micro level the most important is economic security of enterprises. Today economic security must have dynamic character to cope contemporary challenges.One of such a factor is innovation. These are dynamic capabilities of enterprise which create an organisation prepared for changes. The same process ought to be at the macro level.
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This article analyzes the problems of enforcing international law in terms of fundamental principles of international law, sovereign states and the United Nations. The issue of law enforcement is a problem not only in individual states, but also with in the United Nations. The whole process of peaceful settlement of disputes through the courts in particular, is therefore irrelevant if the final decision, which the state does not want to submit to and fail to enforce. On the other hand, law enforcement mechanisms and capacities of WTO represent complex system of procedural norms of coercion, which could serve as an example for the innovation of UN law enforcement procedures
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Relations between North Korea and China are not improving on political matters since 2006, when North Korea started to do regular nuclear attempts. In order to explain the nature of relations between these both countries, I propose to apply theframework of Game theory. These concepts and the notion of risk dominance will be used to describe the general diplomatic strategy between North Korea and China and to account for North Korea’s constant provocations. A situation of the Game theory called the Nash Equilibrium will be applied to suggest policy lines specifically after the stronger provocations of the North Korean state. At conclusive remarks, some limitations toward Game theory on its application on relations between China and North Korea will be suggested.
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The author embarks on the issue of integration of paradigms developed within social sciences. Usually, theoreticians distinguish three pairs of opposing paradigms: materialism/idealism, holism/ individualism, and antagonism/solidarism. The papers argues that Leszek Nowak’s theory of non-Marxian historical materialism, after a revision of some of its underlying conceptual premises, might become a theory which overcomes one-sidedness of particular paradigms. The author’s view is that modi cation of two premises, i.e. radical materialism, antagonistic notion of social being will make it possible to formulate a general social theory which integrates the paradigms in question. The article outlines the idea of a general social theory construed in this fashion.
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Right-wing critics have long used the theory of rational choice to pour scorn on the Marxist theory of revolution, because, they say, free-rider considerations will deter any rational self-interested worker from engaging in revolutionary action. This contention poses an especial problem for Analytical Marxists, who also utilise rational choice models to understand the micro-foundations of collective action. It turns out, however, that if the worker’s decision to join a collective action is conceived more realistically, not as a once-for-all commitment, but as a recurrent process a ected continu- ously by the actions of others, then a much richer repertoire of outcomes begins to appear within the theory – matching those found in history itself. This paper develops simple models of collective action that display this broader range of possibilities. These include convergence to a stable level of collective engagement, oscillation over time between di erent levels of engagement, and truly chaotic behaviour, in which levels of engagement are never repeated.
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The paper is analyzing the contemporary processes inside border areas. Due to different political destinies trough near past, the distinct border sectors developed various types of borderlands: mainly open and structurally asymetric in the west and north and close-like and symetric on the east. The border toward Croatia is the youngest and therefore still in turbulent accomodation to the border situations. The paper take special attention to recent spatial processes: from close and rich crossborder cooperation to ignorance or abandonding of planning measures and avoidance. Second main attention is taken to the minorities settled inside borderlends and their influence to borderlands.
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Incommensurability is a trap which waits for a researcher, especially in complex research concepts. Complex concepts are those which consist of several methods (of collecting and analyzing data) or several techniques used within one method. Case study is an example of such a concept. Applying different theories as reference points, changing research perspectives, using various ways of analyzing data are typical features of case study. They enhance the appearance of different types of incommensurability. Mixing the perspectives makes it impossible to understand and construct a coherent individual concept of case study. The article is aimed at identification and discussion of some selected types of incommensurability, which is exemplified by the case study of a person with disability.
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Afghanistan, Iran and Tajikistan share twenty five centuries of political history, although nowadays they retain three distinct national identities. All their roots are related to Iranian religions such as Zoroastrianism as well as Persian literature, poetry and the Iranian culture of the Achaemenian empires and their successors. Nowadays, the official languages of these countries remain closely related to one another. Iran has attempted to boost its influence in the regions of Middle East, South and Central Asia and seeks to use its cultural and linguistic affinity to forge relations with other Persian-speaking countries. This factor is no less important than the religious aspect – Shia Islam, which is considered to have been the most important determinant of Iran’s foreign policy since 1979. The International Celebrations of Nouruz played a very important role in the process of integration.. The Iranian New Year, for some time has even become an occasion for trilateral meetings between the leaders of the countries engaged in the Persian Speaking Union project. However, over the last few years the integration process has slowed down. Despite many similarities, the cultures of Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan are also different. The same can be said about the directions of foreign policies of these countries. Despite these facts, the shared cultural heritage and its usage by Iran is surely a topic worthy of inclusion in the discourse on the contemporary Iranian world.
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Arab customary conflict resolution and the alternative Western approach to dispute resolution are both the result of a similar way of administering justice – a restorative justice paradigm. Thus, we argue that it is not a new or a strictly western concept given that its fundamental values or even structures have existed in the customary laws of different cultures, like Arab culture, for centuries. In this article, we compare Western restorative justice institutions with the Arab customary conflict resolution process (sulh) used in contemporary Palestine.
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The purpose of the article is to identify the process of social construction of knowledge in cyberspace and to assess its implications for further development of technology-based society. There could be found references to the concepts of social constructivism and network society in the taken analysis. The conclusions of the paper direct attention on problems connected with alternative social realities creation in cyberspace which could bring prospective threatens to social order, a new sources of power in network, as well as digital divides. The article is a vital contribution to the debate on education system in the conditions of social changes implicated by rapid technological development.
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