Around the Bloc: Court Extends Tajik Islamic Party Lawyer’s Detention
Buzurgmehr Yorov was arrested in September soon after agreeing to represent now-banned Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan.
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Buzurgmehr Yorov was arrested in September soon after agreeing to represent now-banned Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan.
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The crisis in Great Britain during the 1970s became dramatic in winter 1978/1979 known as Winter of Discontent. Dissatisfactions expressed in strikes were not only the sign of workers’ turmoil for realization of social rights but also a deeper indicator of serious state crisis. Thatcherism appeared as the answer to disorder in economic, political and social life and it marked the beginning of the Great Britain transformation.Thatcherism is based on strong beliefs and political will to implement them into life. Internalization and loyalty to ideas such as free market, individualism, freedom and self-responsibility resulted in Thatcherism and respectful political longevity. Every politics is determined by values advocated by political leaders and success greatly depends on how much leaders are truly devoted to values they advocate. Revolutionary changes, Thatcher conducted, made her one of the greatest but also controversial political personalities of the 20th century.
More...Krytyka performatywna
Julita Wójcik’s „Rainbow” is currently the most popular art installation in public space in Poland. Its renown is the result of the controversy that has surrounded it since it was placed on Savior’s Square in Warsaw. This indirectly contributed to „Rainbow” being set ablaze and burned five times since June 2012, most recently on November 11, 2013, when its burning became the most spectacular feature of Poland’s Independence Day celebrations. The author considers the possibility of treating the act of destroying „Rainbow” as a form of critical expression, placing it within the polemical practices used in contemporary art. Creative work which is meant to “invite discussion and disagreement” (Bauman) is programmatically aimed at initiating discourse and encouraging debate. The performative turn in artistic practices has also opened art up to interacting with audiences, who are provoked to participate and engage in individual, complementary acts of artistic expression. The actions of such “perfect performers”, as the text’s author calls the arsonists, fit into this practice. They have carried out an act of artistic creation through an act of destruction, which – in shaping the presented object – re-directed the potential interpretations of the object, affecting its shape and inscribing into it the element of ideological and political debate.
More...Designing a Socially Engaged Nature Recovery Network
The 1940s New Bauhaus professor Moholy-Nagy was the pioneer of the concept “design for life”, promoting communal methodologies and technological alliances. He also fostered empathy and new models of citizenship. Today industrial and individual actions are the cause of dramatic environmental consequences, which require us to transition to sustainable, communal, ethical, and circular designed interventions: interventions which consider their own end of life, repair, and circularity. Authors typically interpret Moholy-Nagy’s “design for life” metaphorically in “life around us” and create design interventions which foster new behaviors and communal approaches. Distributed design approaches enable communities to have agency over environmental challenges that impact them, meeting their contextual needs. Communal Response(s) (that is when a community responds to something it affects it) presents and discusses a design-led vision, coalescing Open Design, Engaging Design, Nature and Ecological Citizenship. Communal Response(s) collectively empower societies as digitally amassing environmental data will become more commonplace. These “public interest technologies”, which accrue data/evidence, are known as Citizen Science (CS). We present projects, literature, and conceptual practice(s) to signpost scalable and communal opportunities. The article consolidates “preferable future(s)” through narratives, and is validated by leading wildlife experts. This design-led and “socially engaged” Nature Recovery Network seeks to empower dispersed communities through their alignment in a design space. The “design space” moves beyond conventional models, delivering communal design(s). The narrative proposition(s) empower local environmental and cooperative responses, with the potential to scale. The construct presents an embedded vision of socially engaged design in relation to Moholy-Nagy’s “design for life”, with legacies that impact the natural world. Its audiences are design agents, ecological parties, communities, and strategists who are committed to “communal design for transition” to sustainable practices.
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The paper discusses the role of individual arms bearing citizens and pro-defence organizations within Universal Defence System, promoted in Poland in response to rising military risks. The paper analyses current legislation, aligns it with the need to increase Polish Army, as expresses in Homeland Security Act, and provides answers on how to use citizens and pro-defence organizations to achieve the goals outlined in Homeland Defense Act.
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By appropriately shaping the regulations on access to firearms, it is possible to strengthen the level of institutional and personal security. Linking the possibility of possessing military-type weapons and ammunition with the obligation to train conducted by pro-defense organizations and controlled by a specially established, substantively prepared unit of the Ministry of National Defense will allow to reconcile the needs of personal security with the interests of national security in a manner consistent with the constitutional principle of subsidiarity.
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The article presents contemporary perspectives and strategies for the implementation of Education for Democratic Citizenship (EDC) in the Council of Europe countries. The policy of introducing educational courses on Education for Democratic Citizenship as a new direction of civic education based on comparative analysis is highlighted. The article provides an overview of international documents and recommendations that regulate the process of implementing Education for Democratic Citizenship. The role of youth in the development of civil society is singled out, the definition of civic and social competences is given from the perspective of the Charter on Education for Democratic Citizenship and Human Rights Education (EDC/HRE) and international conventions. The importance of strengthening civil society in Europe through the implementation of Education for Democratic Citizenship through formal and informal forms of education that support youth participation in civil society was emphasized. The components of Education for Democratic Citizenship in the context of lifelong education were defined.
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Since the growth of the Muslim population in Germany, the demands for a Muslim welfare organization are getting louder. For this reason, the German Islam Conference started some projects to develop Muslim interests in welfare organizations. The landscape of the German social welfare system is dominated by six umbrella organizations. Three of these are faith-based organizations. A Muslim organization is still missing, despite some empowerment projects. There are attempts of different Muslim communities to build social services which meet the needs of spiritual and cultural sensitiveness of Muslim people and allow them to participate in the existing system. The paper is analysing perspectives of experts on a possible concept for a Muslim welfare organization. The aim is to show a possible way of organizing and implementing a national organization. The issue is discussed in expert interviews and an additional group method of a world café. The major results can improve the ongoing efforts for a culturally sensitive welfare organization. One of the key topics is the professionalization of the existing social services in mosques and other community centers. They must meet the requirements of social work to get tax exemptions and to receive government funds. Another point is to separate religious and social services in the community centers. The heterogeneity in the Muslim population must be respected and integrated in a new form of welfare organizations, which can be different from the existing faith-based welfare organizations. Another point is to implement these tasks in borough, county, and national levels.
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Current transformations of the public sphere are changing the perception of forms of participation in democracy by citizens. Apart from institutional forms, non-institutional forms should also be noticed, which are undergoing dynamic changes. The constant tension between the trust arising from the representativeness of democracy and the need of citizens to control those in power is reflected in the needs of vigilance, notification and evaluation. The public sphere thus becomes the theatre of citizens’ actions on different planes – from participating in rallies and initiating legislative procedure to manifesting views in street protests. The proposed study deals with the distinction between institutional and non-institutional forms of participation by citizens in democratic processes.
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The purpose of this article is to examine the current condition of the right of access to public information in Poland, taking into account especially the example of lists of support for the new National Council of the Judicary (Krajowa Rada Sądownictwa, KRS). The article also relates the right of access to public information to attempts to instrumentalize the law and confronts them. It is done through a theoretical analysis of the right of access to public information, in particular by defining its scope and limitations, referring to the doctrine and jurisprudence, and then referring the conclusions obtained to the actual events related to the dispute over the lists of support to the KRS. This topic is certainly really important in a state that is constitutionally based on the principle of a democratic state ruled by law, because it testifies to the condition of democracy as such.
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Romania's accession to the European Union has produced profound legal changes, including in legislative, doctrinal and practical terms. In matters of contract, the provisions of the European directives on the regulation of legal relations between professionals and consumers have created and continue to produce disputes, especially in the field of the harmonisation of the new consumerist institutions to the common national law. At the present stage, the general theory of the contract is subject to pressure exerted by the new rules, full of vitality, of the law of consumption or competition law. The main consumerist institutions subject to the national implementation process are: precontractual obligations, unfair terms and the consumer's right of withdrawal. The study insists on the difficulty of harmonizing the above institutions, in the context of the new legislative changes in the field, especially of the Emergency Ordinance of the Government. no. 58/2022. The work is structured in four sections: "The common law contract and the consumption contract", "Pre-contractual obligations: conditions of validity special to consumption", "Unfair terms: manifestations of pre-contractual will" and "Consumer withdrawal: denunciation of progressive consent".
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This paper investigates the legal and institutional framework necessary for the implementation of the right and obligation of civil servants to continuously improve their skills and professional training as stated in the Romanian Administrative Code (Emergency Ordinance no. 57 /2019). In order to highlight this right of civil servants, we carried out a bibliographic analysis presenting legal aspects regarding the obligations of training, the priority areas of training and improvement topics at the local public administration level. As research methods, a short questionnaire was conducted among local public institution employees - from three different territorial administrative units of the local public administration – 1 st District of the Bucharest City, the Onești Municipality, and the specialized body of Hunedoara County, in order to see how the civil servants use the right for professional training. The results of the study should outline the degree of participation in training courses, the subject courses attended and the perception regarding the utility of training topics, of the civil servants.
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The principle of availability outlines a specificity of civil proceedings that may seem to contradict the active role that the court must play in order to resolve the case fairly. The simultaneous application of these two defining rules for civil procedure in relation to the rights of defence and to a fair trial generates certain practical problems that we point out in this study, given that the court is bound to respect the limits of the judgment vested in it, but at the same time must resolve the dispute according to the applicable rules of law in order to deliver a legal and well-founded decision.
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The following paper focuses on examining advertising from a historical perspective whereby presenting various advertising strategies in the 19th century press of Sibiu using the main medium of communication of the Transylvanian-Saxon population, the Siebenbürgisch-Deutsches Tageblatt (SDT, 1860-1944). The focus of the study is the question of the strategies used by manufacturers of (brand) products in the mid-19th century to address Transylvanian Saxon (domestic) women as a target group and thus how historical advertising messages were designed about 150 years ago. The analysed advertisements from the SDT, which are directed at the target group "women", show different advertising strategies, which are introduced in the advertisements via advertising-relevant categories such as headline, continuous text, non-verbal. The corpus analysis carried out makes it clear that the advertising messages are more than just information tools and that advertising messages also refer to social values.
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Review of: Dominika Pawlikowska, Akcja Gestapo przeciwko polskiej inteligencji na terenie gminy Blizanów. Aresztowani i deportowani do obozów koncentracyjnych w III Rzeszy w kwietniu 1940, Kraków 2022, ss. 148, il.
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Youth councils in local government units are among the tools for increasing civic partici pation of young people in their local communities. By acting in a youth council, a young person has a chance to influence his or her environment, gain experience in socio political activities, and meet similarly active people from all over Poland. There is great potential in the creation of such bodies, which, if exploited by local authorities, can significantly strengthen future civil society. This article presents the legal and actual framework for the operation of youth councils in Poland and discusses the 2021 amendment to the legislation in this area. It then presents an example of a two tier system of youth participation in civil society: the Youth Council of the City of Warsaw and the Youth District Councils in the same city. It presents examples of initiatives taken by the Youth Council of the Capital City of Warsaw and the Youth Council of the Śródmieście District of the Capital City of Warsaw within the last three years.
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This study addresses the issue of identifying the determinants of the institution of a civic legislative initiative. It aims to present selected legal and factual limitations related to this institution, identified at the level of the regulations of local self government systems, and in selected resolutions defining the detailed principles for filing a legislative initiative. The discussion also covers issues related to submitting a draft resolution for an opinion (the stage at which such an opinion should be given) and/or for agreement with other competent authorities (the entity responsible for performing the duty of agreement). The article also looks at matters that, based on specific provisions, cannot be the subject of a civic legislative initiative. It primarily uses an analytical dogmatic research method, drawing on monographs and scholarly articles on the studies of administrative law, along with administrative court judgments.
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This article considers the impact of the designation of entrepreneurs doing business in the form of a civil partnership on the possibility of claiming protection of the name of the partnership under the Civil Code. This problem seems worth exploring as the issue of the protection offered by the designation of a civil partnership is so far unresolved on legislative and jurisprudential grounds. The authors use the dogmatic method, ana lysing judgments, articles, monographs and commentaries related to this issue. The first section is devoted to characterizing the concepts of name and company in the context of their divergence and possible correlation. The second describes how the protection of the name of a civil partnership was asserted before the 2003 amendment to the Civil Code. The third contains the views of doctrine and case law in relation to the construction of business designations, in light of the current state of the law. The final section compares the Polish legal system with the German system in terms of civil partnership identification.
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Monitoring the quality of life by means of appropriate performance indices in order to conclude on the need to implement policies aimed at a real improvement of the quality of life of the individual are the objectives of the present study. Analysis of the nature of the means that can provide adequate information on the reality in question is essential for establishing the right policies to optimise the quality of life. From what can be seen from the data analysis, it is important to link statistics that take a quantitative and general approach with statistics that take a qualitative and particular approach.
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Civil society is recognised as a legitimising objective of the democratic system and its insufficient development as a social threat. The literature on the subject repeatedly discusses its condition in Poland. This article is part of this research current. The context for the work is to be the contemporary crisis situation that has faced the whole world in recent years - the Covid -19 pandemic. The publication aims to answer the research questions: How do young Polish citizens find themselves in the pandemic situation? How do they perceive concern for the common good? Are the slogans of solidarity and responsibility for fellow citizens still relevant? Are young citizens interested in public issues? The article aims to tackle the presented questions based on the author’s own research. as well as research conducted by CBOS and the Institute of Public Affairs.
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