We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The author discusses the differences between Plato's subjective rule of wise philosophers and Aristotle’s rule based on appropriate laws. Aristotle is critical of Plato's state communism (community of women, children, and property) because he considers the state to’ be a multiplicity by definition. This does not mean that he denies it the character of a community. According to Aristotle the state as a political community rests upon laws and customs that, being institutions of communal living, define man and his activity as well as his personal characteristics. The dangers issuing from an absolute state to which Aristotle draws attention in his critique of Plato can also be found in contemporary political theory and practice.
More...
Aristotle is for European culture what Confucius is for Chinese and Mohammed for Islamic culture (civilization). His opinions in Politics are compared to those of Confucius and Mohammed. All three equally stress the importance of values; Confucius and Mohammed lay importance upon the distinctive constitutive-unifying features of the community, whereas Aristotle thinks that these values are identical. For Confucius and Mohammed all members of the community are essentially equal; for Aristotle they belong to different kinds. He does not consider family to play any special role either. Thus Aristotle remains paradigmatic for European political practice — imprécisions and differing attitudes in Politics make this work a source or justification of different political practices in European history.
More...
The author indicates the main features of the relationship between theory and practice, between epistemology and practical philosophy in Aristotle's philosophy of politics. He then relates these to the results of the forms of thinking in the Modern era.
More...
Maharishi Mahesh Yogy is the author of a program for the establishment of world peace which is founded on the results of scientific experiments and on a technology that creates coherence within individual and collective consciousness and neutralizes stresses and tensions in individuals and in social communities. So far about forty sociological experiments have taken place confirming the thesis that one percent of the people can provoke qualitative changes in social environments.
More...
While asking himself about the actual relevance of the principle of the division of power, the author was led to study the opposition between the conservatism of the great constitutions and critical theory. The latter questions whether the authors of the constitution are justified in insisting on this principle. An insight into contemporary critical literature and positive constitutional law makes it possible to conclude that the principle of the division of power — in spite of all possible objections to it — is still an active force of the contemporary bourgeois state.
More...
Schmitt’s attitude towards Hobbes’ theory of state and law is evident in all of his works. It Is possible to demonstrate Schmitt’s omission of the constitutive elements of the notions of state and law, particularly the substance of these notions — freedom; thereby, Schmitt also failed to deal with the conditions necessary for the existence of freedom, lie perceives Hobbes’ Leviathan as an institution of mere establishment of a nation understood in terms of the state and thus fails to see the main point of Hobbes’ work.
More...
The notion of space in Schmitt is closely related to its "elements" — the earth, air and water Space is subject to the activity of man as a "technician", to his conquests and technologizing. It seems that the basic question lies in the existence of a borderline between conquering and rearrangement, and reorganization of human environment. Such a borderline can exist only within man and not in the spaces of earth.
More...
Professional ambitions and threat to personal safety forced Carl Schmitt to join the Nazi Party and to make compromises with the Nazis. After an examination of his attitude towards the Jewish question, the influence o f the notion of Grossraum on the Nazi ideology and his participation in decision making, he was freed from criminal charges at Nürnberg. Nevertheless, his international reputation of a theoretician of law was destroyed.
More...
The present paper aims to analyse the concept of the “security dilemma” through the lenses of two key theories for approaching and understanding international politics – namely, neo-realism and constructivism. While acknowledging the fondness of the pioneers of the concept for the neo-realist theory for which it subsequently evolved as one of the key elements, the paper further proposes and comparatively analyses an alternative approach shaped by the constructivist tradition. In this regard, it focuses on the manner in which the security dilemma emerges as a result of the social construction of world politics, the subjective understandings conceived by actors on the international arena and the ensuing perceptions about their counterparts and their actions, which in turn influence the former’s behaviour. The conclusion of this analysis is that the mainstream neo-realist approach provides rather limited insights into understanding the dynamics of the security dilemma and processes of threat perception, respectively. Subsequently, in this endeavour, the constructivist approach deserves further consideration, as it allows for a proper apprehension of the security dilemma through transcending its rigid understanding as an outcome of structure of the international system.
More...
The author bring up a subject Polish state to broadly understood Western civilization based on values and ideas that at the turn of the years laid the foundations for a way of understanding who a modern European is. The article refers to the theory and concept of the most important classical thinkers dealing with issues of civilization and culture, such as: Samuel Huntington, Arnold Toynbee, Oswald Spengler, Feliks Koneczny and others. The author also tries to answer the question: What is the current West and what role does Poland play in it? The article will have a theoretical character and can serve as an introduction to much more detailed aspects falling within the broadly understood Western civilization.
More...
The language used by some analysis of security studies in Romania seems to suffer from an excess of repetitions and too frequently used phraseology, thus losing a part of the meaning and the explanatory capacity.
More...
As a rising great power and direct challenger to US systemic supremacy, People’s Republic of China is developing some specific paradigms for understanding international relations and is building new institutions: research institutes, think tanks, strategic centers. Chinese academics and strategists rediscovered centuries-old Confucianism and old imperial-era paradigms like Datong and Tianxia, which seen the world as absolutely harmonious and China as the center of the world. These theories are competing but also mixing with reminiscences of Marxism and western International Relations Theories, reflecting a generational cleavage among the Chinese experts in International Relations and a competition among them to get influential to the political and military Chinese leaders.
More...
Reloading and echoing a Biblical theme, modern industrial state, especially from libertarian view, has shown its capability of combining swords with ploughshares. The peril of modern centralised bureaucracy consists in chipping individual civic freedom for the sake of a small elite or state interests. One distinct view is the one of Murray Rothbard who argues that the growth of the modern national state has transformed intellectual independent labor in ideological propensity for its own sake. Focusing on America’s first part of the XX century, Rothbard considers that intellectuals (meaning a loose category encompassing a whole variety of subfield from mathematicians and school teachers to media pundits) have become a techno-priesthood forging a new alliance between Throne and Altar. Using Murray Rothbard’s theoretical framework, this study analyses RAND Corporation as a case of science embedding in service of political power.
More...
The article represents an estimate of the main terrorist deeds the United States confronted with prior to September 11, 2002, as well as the way the responsible American authorities reacted to those events. Leaving aside the psychological involvement and President Bush mighty rhetoric concerning the radical changes of the approach of the new threats against the American security, there is a continuity related both to terrorism development and to some principles connected to the terrorism approach that were reinforced in the US beginning with the ‘ 70, once carried out by the President Nixon’s “no concessions” policy.
More...
The author of the article examines the essence of the “founding myth” concept and analyses its role in legitimizing the power in the III RP. She reconstructs the theory basing upon Polish and international scientific output. The author asks whether referring to certain „founding myths” of post-Solidarity political groups is more then a manipulation, which may pass like an ordinary political trend or if it is the definition of a constant domination in shaping the ideological and political system of contemporary Poland. The author also analyses theoretical connection between the “political myth” and “founding myth” and their effects on social consciousness. She recalls the best known “political myths” from Polish history and determines whether the Polish people are easily affected by political mythologization among constantly arising new “founding myths” as it happened in the past. There is no doubt that referring to the “founding myths” in current politics deepens the socio-political divisions in Poland.
More...
The author examines the neorealist systemic theory of K. Waltz and applies it to the „small powers” in order to understand their behavior in an anarchic environment.
More...
The author thinks that the US is the hegemonic power of our days and its power has a tendency to be used in a unilateral way, a fact which provoked some opposing reactions from other players. Because US is too strong and a democratic power, opposition takes the form of “soft balancing” rather than “hard balancing”. There is a certain tension between the domestic politics’ principles which insists on the minimal state, one which abstain interfering too much in the lives of citizens, and those of the external relations, where the US, during the GW Bush Jr. administration, has been more expansionist and proactive. Only a move towards multilateralism and institutional cooperation with the other states could reduce the incentives to balance against US interests in the future.
More...
Poslije izlaska prvog izdanja Hobhouseove knjige Liberalism, u londonskom je »Spectatoru« komentator zabilježio: »Gotovo je nemoguće naći primjer da su u tako maloj knjižici jasno izloženi bitni principi jednog političkog učenja«.
More...