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The article deals with the meaning of Kant’s metaphor of free play of faculties in aesthetic judgment, discussed in the perspective of Schiller’s contrasting of work (labour) and play, which gave rise to a peculiar fictional, but conciliatory, status for the aesthetic. The article then traces some articulations between the realms of alienated labour and of free creativity in Hegel and Marx, and concludes with notes on the lasting social significance of this contrastive aesthetic metaphor.
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The article is focused on Hermann Hesse’s novel Steppenwolf, which treats of the problem of human loneliness, isolation from society and the search for the other in oneself. Тhe extreme recluse’s playings are a complex combinations of roles, masks and situations. This points to the double, a „deeply unаttractive figure“ (Hesse) that persistently appears, constantly ignoring the original...
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The new information and communication technologies (ICT), on which the Fourth Industrial Revolution is based, are bringing about unprecedentedly rapid and large-scale changes to societies and economy. In the view of many scholars, these technologies are paving the way to post-capitalism. The conceptions of post-capitalism presented by Paul Mason and Jeremy Rifkin are gaining in popularity. Ac-cording to Rifkin, ICT are creating the so-called “collaborative commons”, which are in a permanent struggle with the capitalist market and are becoming a formative fac-tor of a new “hybrid economy”. According to Mason, the capitalist system of today is breaking down due to growing consumer debts and deficits, and decreasing industrial production. These ideas are debatable because they do not make sufficiently clear how the growth of of social inequality could be prevented and who could be the agent of post-capitalist transformation
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Carl Schmitt and Jan Patočka could be said to belong to different generations of European thinkers. To my knowledge, they never met or had personal contact with each other; nor did they express a stance on each other’s activity, life or thinking. However, the conceptions they built seem to be in mutual controversy; their debate on many standpoints is, as it were, entwined in a crucial clash – crucial as regards the interpretation of the sinuous history and ambiguous heritage of the 20th century.
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The article presents José Ortega y Gasset’s ideas concerning the novel and reading. The analysis is deployed in two directions: ad intra, “inside”, in the context of Ortega’s philosophy, and ad extra, “outside”, in the context of alternative views on the novel and reading. In the first part of the article, the author argues that José Ortega y Gasset aestheticizes philosophy, bringing it closer to literature. At the basis of this intensive “approximation” of philosophy and literature, lies Ortega y Gasset’s concept of man as “a novelist of himself”. In the second part of the article, comparisons are made between the approach of Ortega y Gasset and that of the Russian formalists with respect to the specificity of the novel. The third section outlines some similarities between Ortega y Gasset’s conception of reading as a “spreading of oneself” and Wolfgang Iser’s literary anthropology. Both thinkers interpret the need to read as a human need to look at the real world, and on ourselves, as being only one of many possibilities. The revealed similarities are treated as signs of belonging to a common transformation processes in the aesthetics of the twentieth century.
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The article describes and analyzes the need for, and subject field, of an ethics of intellectual technologies seen as a critical discourse on, and corrective of, their development. For this purpose, the discussion includes analysis and com¬men-tary on tendencies and phenomena that characterize technological progress, in-cluding digitization, computer literacy, economy of knowledge, globalization, etc., in terms of their moral perspectives and moral risks.
More...СПЕЦИФИЧНИ VERSUS СПЕЦИАЛНИ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛНИ ПОТРЕБНОСТИ НА ДЕЦАТА С УВРЕЖДАНИЯ
In the framework of semiotic realism and in the perspective of complex hierarchical systems, the article analyzes how the meanings of the terms “special” and “specific” are constructed, and the consequences of the in-troduction of the former into the so-called complex system sign (term) “special educational needs of children with disabilities”. The author grounds the need to replace the term “special” with the term “specific” in reference to educational needs.
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The article considers the development of chronopolitics, a new current in political science, which studies political time and its structurally-spatial features. Its conceptual foundations date back to the 1970s, to the world-system theory of I. Wallerstein and G. Modelski’s “long cycle” theory, which, for their part, serve as a conceptual basis of contemporary geopolitical research. The author views the two connected sciences (chronopolitics and geopolitics) as mutually complementary in a theoretical and applied aspect.
More...Въпросът за прехода от природно към технологично възвишено
The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the major themes and research perspectives in theoretical discourse on the “technological sublime”. The text is based on the idea that, whereas within classical 18th-century aesthetics, the sublime was primarily connected with the experience of man’s weakness, helplessness and insignificance before the power of Nature, only a century later the perspective was radically changed. At the heart of the change was the industrialization of modern societies, as a result of which the sublime was transferred to monumental engineering structures and complex technological facilities that, similar to natural forces, are capable of generating enthusiasm and anxiety, hope and fear, awe and astonishment.
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The article proceeds from the general assumption that in an anomic society, such as the Bulgarian society in course of transformation, eight basic patterns of economic behavior can be identified, only one of which can be classified as normal, while the other seven models are burdened with different components of deviance. The deviance of individuals is specific, depending both on their attitude towards the goals set by culture in society and on the preferred means of achieving these goals (legitimate or illegitimate). While normal behavior is marked by the category of social conformism, we refer to deviant behavioral patterns of innovators, ritualists, retreaters, rebels, maximizers, neutralizers and alternators. The author employs abundant empirical material regarding the presence of these eight behavioral models in contemporary Bulgarian society.
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The article deals with the acute issue of the availability of adequate occupational safety and health systems in the Bulgarian economy. Although the creation of such systems is impeccably postulated in legislation, its practical application leaves much to be desired. Through assessments by employers and employees in the Bulgarian economy, the article reveals the more important trends in the creation of safety and health systems at work. Based on analyses of empirical assessments, conclusions are drawn regarding the changes required to improve the safety and health policies at enterprise level. The article raises key issues in the field of safety and health at work, indicating the necessary directions for future policies.
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The Presidential institution is comparatively new in the Bulgarian tradition of state administration. In the historical aspect, it is essentially a democratic version of the figure of the Chairman of the State Council and of the monarch. Since its inception, the new institution has been called upon to respond to the expectations of society and to adopt standards familiar to traditional democracies.Fluctuations in confidence reflect a change in attitude, contribution, presence, and behavior of the holder of the position in times of social or political crisis.Envisaged as equally distanced from, and with different functions than, the three levels of government (legislative, executive and judicial), while not representing a branch of power, the presidential institution is the highest and only state body that derives its legal status and powers directly from the Constitution; it embodies the unity of the nation and the dignity of the state. The fact that the President is directly elected by all eligible voters gives the institution additional legitimacy. This enables it to serve as the foundation of forms of direct democracy, such as referendums on important national issues. This legitimacy allows the President to form cabinets in times of political crisis, as he/she is an institutional figure holding a mandate that embodies the sovereign, i.e., the people. In this sense, it is of interest to trace the behavior of the presidential institution, which is recognized as being one of the factors maintaining public order and democracy, preventing chaos and violence in Bulgaria. This study is focused on how, and why, public perceptions of the figure and activity of the President change over time.
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The article presents new facts and original analyses of the donation activities and the Wills of Dr. Petar Beron. A number of confirmed opinions about specific donations, teacher support, etc., are found to contain serious omissions and inaccuracies. Many important, but hitherto supressed or unknown, data about abuses involved in the donations are pointed out and analyzed in detail ford the first time in the article. The author reveals so far unknown, or barely touched upon, aspects of the social, political, and economic context of the Wills.
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The article focuses on José Ortega y Gasset's understanding of technique. According to this Ortegian understanding man imposes on nature his technological power not simply to satisfy his needs, but also as a manifestation of the continual conquest of reality. Through the prism of technique, the article presents an interpretation of the Spanish philosopher’s vision on the creation of being through incessant activity: man creates his own existence not only economically, but also metaphysically.Ortega y Gasset's conception of technology is also linked to another central theme in his philosophy – life as a radical reality. This issue is also discussed together with some pejorative social phenomena related to technological development like the crisis of desires, the acceleration of life, and the lack of interest on the part of the masses in the cultural conditions that make technological progress possible.
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Namjera je ovoga rada dati uvid u slojevitost i kompleksnost fenomena plesa, vrlo specifičnog načina ljudskog djelovanja, koji kao široko rasprostranjena kulturna i umjetnička praksa primarno pripada antropološkom području zanimanja. Međutim, da bi se ples mogao uspješno interpretirati kao pojedinačna forma, potrebno ga je definirati te uspostaviti opći teorijski okvir njegova razmatranja. S tim u vezi potrebno je učiniti korak unazad, prema filozofu Friedrichu Nietzscheu koji u svojim djelima otvara horizont mišljenja kojim se ples, nakon dugotrajne šutnje, uvodi u akademski diskurs. [...]
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The aim of this essay is to prove that, throughout Ali Smith's There But For The (2011), the “narrative” subjective identity (Alphen 83) accessed via the face-to-face relation (Levinas and Hand 42), as well as through storytelling itself, is liable to be turned into archivable information under the pressures of a surveillance state in which its citizens are complicit. I will use this archival/ narrative identity dyad as articulated by theorist Ernst van Alphen in order to investigate at length the novel’s staging of hospitality as corrupted by surveillance. I will oppose the notion of identity as information against Emmanuel Levinas’s conception of the face-to-face relation (Levinas and Hand 42), whereby true hospitality depends upon the mutual respect one person has for the absolute singularity of the other, which involves personal information and the right to privacy. As it will become apparent, these identities lose or gain agency according to the engagement of the self with a newly arrived foreign alterity. Thus, the arrival of strangers throughout Smith’s novel thematizes the scenario of hospitality in tension with the stranger as surveyor or as surveyed. The doubling of language, the self-editing of one’s discourse and the risky openness towards the Other are modes of resistance that eschew the artificial categorizations upon which the archival identity is contingent. However, the bridge from interiority to exteriority is mediation. Smith therefore develops a conception of secularized Grace that works by exploring the revolutionary potential of this very mediation and can disrupt the logic of tyrannical surveillance. Part of this approach to history and language is informed by the witnessing of the traces left on the bodies of martyrized dissidents by unjust systems at their apex. There But For The is narrated by four characters in the mediatic aftermath of a bourgeois dinner party in an affluent suburb of London that witnessed the sudden and unexplainable reclusion of Miles Garth into the spare room of his stunned hosts. The event, as well as those leading up to and following it, is recounted by a grieving nature photographer in his sixties named Mark; May, a rebellious old woman suffering from dementia; an unemployed, middle-aged Anna; and Brooke, a ten-year old girl and voracious reader. The essay will approach these characters’ meditations upon the nature of identity as split between its narrative and archival forms.
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