Ce înseamnă ideea de poziţie originară pentru gândirea politică liberală?

Author(s): Adrian Baboi Stroe / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/1995

In this study we try to identify the scope of the idea of “original position” as it relates to the issue of the neutrality of the liberal state. John Rawls, in his work „A Theory of Justice“, developed a model of an original contractual situation that could be considered as a hypothetical framework where social actors would opt for certain principles regulating a just society. The choice is made under certain conditions intended to guarantee the impartiality and the righteousness of the consequences of the option. My intention is to interpret the idea of “original position” as an artifice of representation capable of shaping in a consistent manner the liberal demand for neutrality.

The reform of the quality of life indicators in the EU from the perspective of sustainable development philosophy

Author(s): Andrzej Papuziński / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The focus of this article is on the conformity of quality of life indicators reformed by the institutions of the European Union with the concept of sustainable development. The reform was launched in 2009 under the title GDP and beyond – Measuring progress in a changing world. The issue is presented from the perspective of conclusions drawn on the basis of philosophical analysis of the problems we need to solve in order to design the indicators adopted to sustainable development concept, such as defining quality of life, needs, objective and subjective quality of life measurements, existence of universal quality of life indicators (on the example of gross domestic product). In order to describe the tools used to perform the analysis, the issue of theoretical status of sustainable development philosophy is approached.

Cunoașterea Naturii în Gândirea Luminilor

Author(s): Sorin Purec / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 15/2020

. In nature’s design, the philosophy of the Enlightenment evolves from the self founding thinking of the Middle Ages, centred around the existence of God, by accepting andovercoming the mathematical model of nature’s conception, to the biological model, laying thefoundation of evolutionism. Mechanicism is a common ground of the era, the model of a clock’smechanism being applied from the conception of the universe to the level of living beings. In response,the biologist model understands any part of the world as a living organism, whether it is talkingabout astronomical systems or social systems. These are the quests of the Enlightenment in an agethat oscillates between rationalism and empiricism, an age that boils with effervescence andenthusiasm and that traces all the directions of knowledge that live to the present day.

IVORY TOWER AND BARRICADES: MARCUSE AND ADORNO ON THE SEPARATION OF THEORY AND PRAXIS

Author(s): Maroje Višić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The events of 1968/69 initiated a dispute between Adorno and Marcuse over the (alleged) separation of theory and praxis. While Marcuse “stood at the barricades” Adorno sought recluse in the “ivory tower”. Marcuse and German students perceived Adorno’s move as departure from fundamental postulates of critical theory as laid down in Horkheimer’s 1937 essay. Adorno died amidst the process of clarifying his differences with Marcuse and thus the “unlimited discussions” between the two remain unfinished. This paper sets to examine how both Marcuse and Adorno remained dedicated to the unity of theory and praxis, albeit in different ways. I argue that Adorno did not separate theory and praxis; instead, he perceived the gap between critical theory and concrete historical situation. Adorno rejected simple and unreflective translation of theory into praxis. Hence his attempt to recalibrate critical theory. Marcuse’s and Adorno’s differences lie in their different evaluation of the student movement and this (mis)evaluation was context related. My second argument is that Marcuse/Adorno disagreement is partly caused by the absence of the two from the concrete historical context.

ДУХОВНІ ІМПЕРАТИВИ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОГО ДЕРЖАВОТВОРЕННЯ: АКСІОЛОГІЧНИЙ ТА БЕЗПЕКОВИЙ КОНТЕКСТИ

Author(s): Yuriy Yuriyovych Kalynovsky,Evgen Mykolayovych Manuilov / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2020

Problem setting. The development of a modern, democratic Ukrainian state requires an integrated approach. An important component of this process is the establishment of spiritual values and guidelines that contribute to the development of the Ukrainian nation and the strengthening of its security on the international arena. In this context, the spiritual imperatives of the domestic state-building need not only clarification and modernization, but also protection in conditions of information aggression against our country.Recent research and publications analysis. Problematics of the domestic state-building in the spiritual and value, and security contexts are presented in a number of scientific works of a diverse methodological direction. Thus, S. Konyk offers his vision of the state-building process on the basis of an integrated approach and associates its effectiveness precisely with the proper management of certain entities and the degree of their values development. In its turn, V. Karlova focuses on the special role of national elite in the state development by means of carriage the basic functions. Among such functions, she distinguishes primarily strategic, communicative, integrative. From the standpoint of S. Vovkanych, it is the Ukrainian national elite, at the present stage of the state-building, that should take responsibility for the consolidation of the nation.Paper objective. In this research, it is planned to analyze the basic spiritual imperatives of the Ukrainian state-building and to identify the main threats to their implementation.Paper main body. The formulation of spiritual guidelines of the domestic state-building is closely interconnected with various social processes and development trends of the Ukrainian nation as a history subject. Unconditionally, a special mission, which is the development of the nation spiritual guidelines, of the main directions of state growth, is assigned to various elite groups, which have an intellectual, organizational, political and legal potential and are able to guide society towards prosperity. In this way, the economic, legal, security and social policies should be based on the national idea, and should not contradict the spiritual heritage of the Ukrainian people. Nowadays, a number of experts talk about the advisability of creating a state-building ideology as an embodiment of a national development project based on the ideas of conciliarism, cultural identity, democracy, the rule of law, protection of human rights and freedoms, social justice, etc.Conclusions of the research. Therefore, the spiritual imperatives of the modern domestic state-building should be a continuation of those values that were developed by the best representatives of the Ukrainian nation during the national liberation struggle. On the other hand, the spiritual stratagems of the Ukrainian state development should conform to modern domestic and foreign political realities, should not be “archaic” and narrowly political.

Psihologia analizei de intelligence

Author(s): Cristian Dobre / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2016

The author tries to show some of psychological challenges that every intelligence service and every intelligence analyst have to face in their specific work, providing timely decision-makers intelligence products in order to support their decisions. In this paper, the author puts an equality sign between the intelligence analysis and intelligence production or intelligence processing that is viewed with its specific phases (collation,assessment, analysis, integration and interpretation of the raw data and information). In a general view, the analysis is defined cutting a whole thing into component parts using a scientific method.

John Dunn Interview

Author(s): Ivan Cerovac,John P. Dunn / Language(s): English Issue: 59/2020

Interview with John Dunn by Ivan Cerovac.

Indukcyjna metoda Feliksa Konecznego w badaniu cywilizacji i praw dziejowych

Author(s): Krzysztof Kofin,Mateusz Kofin / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

The article presents an inductive research method used by Cracow historian Felix Koneczny, used in the study of civilization and historical laws, which according to the scientist proved, that history is on par with the natural sciences.

Pojęcie ,,socjalizmu" w myśli politycznej Alexisa de Tocqueville`a

Author(s): Jonathan Scovil / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

The article presents an analysis of an original conception of socialism outlined in the works of Alexis de Tocqueville. The author begins with a brief presentation of historical context in which the views of French thinker were shaped, referring to his experiences from the period of the July Revolution of 1830 and the February Revolution of 1848. The author goes on to detailed analysis of his definition of socialism, making an indispensable reference to his republican conception of freedom and the role of a citizen in democracy. Finally, the author looks at Tocquevillian vision of genesis of socialist ideas, associated by him with anxiety, which democratic system inevitably generates.

Rewolucja nihilizmu. Narodowy socjalizm a realizm polityczny w myśl Hermanna Rauschninga

Author(s): Mateusz Ambrożek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

The article deals with the political realism of Hermann Rauschning. Briefly discussing the historical backgrounds of Rauschning’s views, the theory of political realism with its version in the German author, the distinction of two types of realism, and the compilation of theory and practice. The author wanted to emphasize the defensive character of the Rauschning’s realism aimed at defending the state of possession before the National Socialist revolution. Rauschning did not require realists to create new approaches- it was based on the premise that continuing the policy of peaceful development of relations between states would sustain a prosperous situation. In the topic of two types of realism, Rauschning listed the perfect realism, based on the previously mentioned defense of state of possession and national-socialistic realism, which was based on subordinating the rules of political action to abstract purposes. According to Rauschning, such action distorted the sense of realism, because on the one hand it blurred the boundary between real policy conditioning and ideological flattening; On the other hand, it provided the opportunity to pursue a political scenario that was incompatible with the vital interests of the community, which fell under the jurisdiction of the authority. The author also listed extensively the dangers associated with the distorted use of the determinants of the theory of realism, which led to the loss of primordial significance by universal political concepts.

Nurt myśli politycznego marginesu. Sprzeczności i niedopowiedzenia

Author(s): Paweł Malendowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

The main issue of this article are the insignificant trends of political thought and their contradictions and understatements. The article describes the following trends of political thought: anarchism, communism, nationalism, monarchism, transhumanism, primitivism, ruralism and also National anarchism, National Bolshevism and Slavophilism. These trends of political thought are characterized by internal contradictions and opposition to democracy.

Aksjologiczne i ideowe fundamenty doktryn liberalnych wobec kwestii ekonomicznych

Author(s): Łukasz Rozen / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Classical political liberalism was not related with some economic concepts, although John Locke accept right to property as the fundamental law of nature. Later liberalism began involve to economic and social issues. Utilitarian liberalism of J. Bentham and John Stuart Mill created the foundations to social justice. Evolutionary liberalism of H. Spencer affirm human egoism and rivalry as the fundamental social principles, also he was proponent minimum and limited state in political economic. And social liberalism, introducing new concept of positive freedom, was for interventionism and social policy. In XX a. J. Rawls and egalitarian liberalism also was for such economical and social concepts. For this liberalism the primate values are justice as fairness and equality. Liberal doctrines was differently to economical concepts, because they have specific and various ideas and values.

Zmiany sensu pojęcia sprawiedliwości społecznej w perspektywie celów państwa socjalnego

Author(s): Andrzej Stoinski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Since the 40’s of the nineteenth century the term “social justice” has played an increasing role in political reflection. The main subject of this paper is a meaning ascribed to the idea of “social justice” in the face of goals of welfare state. From this point of view very important are various senses of the notion. It can be distinguished in this area at least two related aspects. The first refers to characteristic of the justice itself. It can be described as a virtue, norm or right. The second one applies to the particular type of justice identified with social justice. In this respect relevant are: legal, distributive and retributive (or commutative) justice. Aside from that, social justice is also treated as an idea of equality or solidarity in social environment.

Le songe n’est pas un rien. Adieu à György Konrád

Author(s): Gábor Csordás / Language(s): French Issue: 16/2020

The writer of a deserved European reputation, the political thinker and who has considerably influenced the spirit of the end of the last century, by constituting, with Milan Kundera and Danilo Kiš, the great triad of Europe Centrale, the figurehead of democratic transformation in Hungary, György Konrád has passed away.

Kłopoty z realizmem politycznym

Author(s): Bogdan Szlachta / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2019

The term “political realism”, often analyzed by historians of political thought and theoreticians of international relations, becomes problematic in the era of popularizing the idea that there is an obvious dependence of “reality”, also “political reality”, from subjects that recognize it, and to an even greater extent from subjects shaping it. It is not the dissolution of reality but its dependence on the subjects that create it that makes it difficult to use old categories and raises the need for critical reflection on them. The attempt made in the paper is to show not only the consequences of abandoning old, “objectivist” approaches to reality (even if only conceptual reality), but also the reasons why on the one hand there is an embarrassment, and on the other hand the need for critical reflection, or perhaps setting new categories.

Judith Butler, Ernesto Laclau, Slavoj Žižek: Kontingenca, hegemonija, univerzalnost

Author(s): Lea Kuhar / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 092/2019

Review of: Judith Butler, Ernesto Laclau, Slavoj Žižek: Kontingenca, hegemonija, univerzalnost. Ljubljana: Založba Krtina, 2019. 343 strani (ISBN: 978-961-260-120-1)

IDEOLOGICAL CONCEPTS IN THE CINEMATOGRAPHY OF THE INTERWAR PERIOD

Author(s): Oleksandr Viktorovich Bezruchko,Irina Anatolyevna Gavran,Olha M. HRABARCHUK,Nataliia KOSTIUK,Halyna M. KOT / Language(s): English Issue: Supplement/2020

The paper investigates the process of becoming of the ideologization of cinematic art in the period between the two World Wars. The author traces the emergence of new ways of translating political concepts into cinema, their golden age and disappearance. Based on a wide range of archival, audio and video visual sources, memoirs and reference books, an attempt is made to outline the evolution of technological methods of control and manipulation of public consciousness. The geographical representativeness of the study covers Soviet, European, and American cinema, a description of dramaturgic methods is given, which are used to create a “frame structure” of the political consciousness of citizens and such fundamental categories of it as “common historical memory”, “homeland”, “national dream” and “national perspective”. In the study, the author concludes that the cinema of the interwar period gradually acquires the features of systemic political communication between the state and society and, thanks to the multi-channel nature of individual perception, becomes the main tool for the formation of national identity. The actualization of the study of the claimed topic lies in the field of studying the patterns of appearance, principles and target settings of modern technologies of mass culture, public relations, marketing, etc.

ABOUT THE VERBALISATION OF THE CONCEPTS „SOUL” AND „FATE” IN THE RUSSIAN LINGUOCULTURE

Author(s): Lyudmila M. Buzinova,Olga P. Ryabko,Mayya G. Merkulova,Yelena G. KNYAZEVA,Irina G. Anikejeva,Yanina I. SUKHAREVA / Language(s): English Issue: Supplement/2020

This article is devoted to the research of cognitive potential of linguistic sign participating in the representation of concepts “soul” and “fate” in Russophone linguistic culture. Manners of lexical, phraseological, literature verbalisation of these concepts are being considered. There is the assumption that analysis of mechanisms of anthropological verbalisation of these concepts at the different levels of discourse realisation reveals additional essential characteristics of the Russian sphere of concepts in ethnocultural aspect. Obtained results may be used in lingo and cultural studies, courses on lexicology and intercultural communication, in teaching developments and researches on theory of modern Russian language. Prospects for the study of key concepts of a different type are being outlined.

Dobrzy ludzie istnieją

Author(s): Judith Friedlander / Language(s): Polish Issue: 782-783/2020

ЗНАЧЕННЯ КРИТИЧНОГО МИСЛЕННЯ У ЖИТТІ СУЧАСНОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА

Author(s): Diego Felipe Arbeldez-Campillo,Vasyl Yakovych Tatsiy,Rojas-Bahamon Magda Julissa,Oleg Gennadiyevich Danilyan / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2020

Problem setting. Critical thinking is an attribute of consciousness that can be manifested in all human activities where it is required, as a condition of possibility, in the use of critical reason and deliberation. Consequently, it is in the domains of politics that critical thinking is used more frequently, to discuss the scope and concrete significance of the discourses and practices that, from the exercise of public powers, are deployed on intelligent citizenship and with the minimum necessary of information for peer deliberation. Recent research and publications analysis. The term «critical thinking» itself is inextricably linked with the concept of «criticism. The Modern Dictionary of Social Sciences defines the term «criticism» as «a way of spiritual activity, the main task of which is to give a holistic assessment of the phenomenon, revealing its contradictions, strengths and weaknesses». Critical thinking is understood as a system of judgments, which is used to analyze things and events with the formulation of sound conclusions and allows us to make informed estimates, interpretations, and also apply the results to situations and problems. According to a number of researchers (Palacios, Alvarez, Moreira, and Moran, 2017), critical thinking is a type of reasoning that can be defined differently, but most of these reasoning always have something to do with the act of a survey or assessment. For this reason, speaking of critical thinking in general terms, references are made to questions and assessments, which ultimately make it possible to express a judgment or substantiate a position regarding a fact, phenomenon or idea. There is a position that the transition to a critical level of thinking in a particular community is a necessary prerequisite for the beginning of the civilized development of this community. Paper objective. The objective of this article is to deconstruct the most common contributions of critical thinking, as a form of participation and political deliberation. It is about investigating what it implies for a social actor or political subject to think critically, by reviewing different theoretical and legal developments, which have been propping up dialectically in the West, since the advent of the philosophical program of political modernity, a culture of critical thinking that subsumes to different notions such as: freedom of conscience, freedom of expression, autonomy of the person, rights of resistance to oppression and free development of personality. Methodology. Methodologically it is a research of documentary design developed in the coordinates of the philosophical essay, next to the Latin American philosopher and the revision of the most popular political theory. Paper main body. Democracy is the natural space of critical thinking. In it, the individual - and beyond, the social movements - find the basic conditions for the development of criticality: freedom (recognition in the legal plane of freedom of thought and expression), and the possibility of dissenting in order to seek social change. In this sense, critical thinking is not the exclusive patrimony of a progressive or conservative ideology, but of every person and social group that, in a context of democratic exercise, think about the established order and its transformation. Totalitarian systems repress critical thinking, and although they do not cancel it due to the resistance of some dissenting voices, they prevent it from becoming generalized in the population. The change or conformation of an order of justice, equality and participation, aspiration present in the critical vision of society, is replaced in totalitarianism (either from the right or from the left) by an ideology of control, where freedom is curtailed, to sow in the population the belief in a non-existent functional order, when in reality it is devoid of a minimum of rationality. Democratic systems, in contrast to totalitarian systems, promote freedom of expression and recognize the right of citizens to think differently from what is considered normal in society. In this way, critical thinking does not represent a threat to democracy, but is part of it; while for totalitarianism, it is simply subversive and dangerous. Conclusions of the research. Among the main findings, the idea that critical thinking is not the exclusive patrimony of certain self-defined political and ideological tendencies as progressive in the region stands out. It is concluded that, this way of thinking is uncomfortable perse for all the paradigms that serve as the basis for the status quo, in politics and society.