U potrazi za novom osnovom legitimiteta socijalističih poredaka

Author(s): Robert Blažević / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 04/1989

The socialist systems have so far relied on four means to legitimate their newly established control of power: charismatic qualities of their leaders, ideologized and vulgarized versions of Marx’s teaching, achievements in industrialization, and the Communist Party’s credentials in combating Fascism. None of these means can secure an optimum legitimation for the socialist systems, which can be legitimized only through the institution of political pluralism and an open conduct of public affairs.

Udomowiony neoliberalizm i przyziemność transformacji. Z Adrianem Smithem rozmawia Piotr Juskowiak

Author(s): Piotr Juskowiak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 14/2014

Ukrainian intellectuals after Maidan

Author(s): Vakhtang Kebuladze / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

The war with Russia creates a difficult task for Ukrainian intellectuals. We must take care of decommunisation and de-Sovietisation not only by renaming our streets and cities but also in the consciousness of our citizens. Ultimately, decommunisation is a part of the decolonisation process in Ukraine.

Ukrainian Revolution of Dignity perceived from a Hegelian Perspective

Author(s): Carsten Lier,Vadym Tytarenko / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2020

The political protest against the former decision of Yanukovych to reject the Association Agreement with the EU quickly evolved into mass mobilization against the corrupt socio-political structures that dominated Ukraine throughout its post-Soviet history. For that reason, it became evident that Euromaidan showcased a historical process marking a transition towards the formation of a “prototype” civil society that has been virtually non-existent in the country´s post-Soviet era. In this article, in order to understand these underpinning historical dynamics, the event will be analysed through Hegel`s framework of the state and the historical dialectic. In this context, authors argue that the “Revolution of Dignity” is a historical turning point towards the formation of a new civil consciousness and self-identification with the Ukrainian state through laying down foundations for the creation of a liberal democratic state post-Maidan. As an important step of this analysis, Hegel’s and Marx’s concepts of history were examined. Firstly, Hegel’s view on the state made it possible to argue that the Ukrainian post-soviet state resulted in the alienation of citizens from the state. This idea was furthered by using Hegel’s historical dialectic to allow for an interpretation of Euromaidan as an antithesis to post-Soviet era. Finally, the focus was shifted towards the limitations of applying Hegel’s theoretical framework to the 21st century events.

Uloga i značenje Socijalističkog saveza Hrvatske u podruštvljavanju politike

Author(s): Sulejman Bajaktarević / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 02/1971

Antička praksa identificirala je polis i društvo, a njezin najveći um definirao je i čovjeka politikom. Identifikacija društvene i političke zajednice utopila je u sebi slobodu individue i zamijenila je neizdiferenciranom općenitošću idealnog polisa.

Ultimum dilemma Брута или возможно ли моральное оправдание убийст ва Цезаря?

Author(s): Evgenij Derzhivitskij,VADIM PEROV,Andrey M. Polozhentsev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2020

The article examines how to apply moral and philosophical reflection in the commission of a crime. An action is the result of solving an equation with many variables. This is overcoming legal, moral, philosophical, and emotional contradictions. However, modern legal and ethical thought closes the way for unde rstanding its causes and motives. As an example, we examine the conspiracy and murder of Caesar in Rome in 44 BC. The article reveals objective differences in the understanding of morality in antiquity and in modern ethical science. Here we analyze the philosophical and ethical grounds that will help solve this dilemma. First of all, we considered the philosophical and political works and letters of Cicero. His reasoning about the duties of a citizen might have influenced Brutus' decision to participate in the conspiracy against Caesar and accept the moral choice as his fate. Brutus did not act as a murderer, but as an exponent of public purpose and public utility, for whom the purpose of the act was the public good, incompatible with tyranny.

Umanismul vesel al moralistului Tvetan Todorov

Author(s): Mariana Boca / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2016

The study shows a critical position against Tvetan Todorov’s books published in the last 25 years. The analysis focuses on negative thinking and humanism expressed by Todorov especially in two books with proven influence: Facing the extreme: moral life in the concentration camps (1991); Imperfect Garden: The Legacy of Humanism (1998). Todorov’s position is interpreted as representative for the current Western culture.

UNDER RULE OF THE FATHER: A SHORT INQUIRY UPON TOTEMIZATION OF ROMANIAN POLITICS IN CYBER TIMES

Author(s): Iulia Anghel / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

If “textualization of form is always re-representation” as John Borneman assumes in his influential essay “Theorizing regime ends”, what would it be the future of contemporary politics, evolving towards an image dominated formula and relapsing in its very own textual equations. Cyber age of politics ended Guttenberg’s version of modernity and inaugurated a nexus of phenomena as: deconstruction and deterritorialisation of democracy, decline of historical memory, emergence of fluid collective imageries, genesis of new virtual communities and most important, recovery of paternalist affinities and totemization of politics. This short essay aims to highlight the constitutive clauses of present tendency towards personalization and paternalization of politics in former socialist realm, with a focus on the recent Romanian civil uprisings and vernacular patricentric responses.

Understanding Constitutionalism

Author(s): Karol Soltan / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2000

The review of: Andras Sajo. Limiting Government: An Introduction to Constitutionalism. Budapest: Central European University Press, 1999. 292 pp.

Une Citoyenneté sans Cité, des cités sans citoyenneté

Author(s): Igor Štiks / Language(s): French,Macedonian / Issue: 1/2006

Il semble que le droit de cité en tant qu’accès à la politique soit déterminé par la frontière qui sépare clairement le citoyen du non-citoyen ou de l’étranger. Par définition, la citoyenneté n’est nullement ouverte à tous les individus voulant la posséder et prêts à partager le destin de la Cité respective.

Unfamiliar concepts as an obstacle for critical thinking in public discussions regarding women’s rights issues in Latvia. Reflective thinking in the ‘fake news’ era

Author(s): VEINBERG Sandra / Language(s): English / Issue: (2)22/2018

In Europe it is now out of the question to express any doubts regarding the prevention of violence against women. The majority of the Latvian population also condemns the physical abuse of women; however, the Istanbul Convention which deals with this matter was not ratified here. A number of factors were at play, the most significant of which was pressure exerted through the direct influence of a campaign that had been organised by opponents of the broadest understanding of human rights. Such pressure was exerted on decision makers (MPs and political parties), with indirect impact on the population via social media and the news media outlets. Campaigns by interest groups which spread opposing views are not unusual in a democratic society; however, in this case there was no discussion between the opposing parties. The public domain was not open to an interaction of views and beliefs based on arguments and critical thinking, as the argument of the opponents rested entirely upon their beliefs, whereas the supporters of the convention relied upon valid proof. This article looks at the reasons behind the failure in terms of group communication to establish a constructive discussion on a topic that was so essential to Latvian society: one which served to combat and eradicate violence against women. It also seeks to establish whether the use of an irrational form of convincing technique contradicts the logic of critical thinking, and whether the emergence of unfamiliar and/or incomprehensible concepts on the agenda of a public discussion may serve to put the brakes on the constructive discussion of women’s rights issues which is so essential today to Latvian society as a whole.

Uniunea Artiştilor Plastici în perioada 1954-1963. Între „aparat de stat” şi „dispozitiv”

Author(s): Magda Predescu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 3/2017

This article is a case study of the Romanian Artists’ Union during the Thaw as an institution potentially capable of renewal by creatively applying the rules imposed in the totalitarian communist State. The methodology used is that of archival research through the use of the concepts of Repressive State Apparatus, Ideological State Apparatus (Althusser), dispositif (Foucault), and habitus (Bourdieu). The text shows that from 1953 until 1957, in the context of similar changes in the Soviet Union, the Union of Romanian Fine Artists underwent a gradual transformation, which culminated with the change of the Management Board and a professionalization on specific criteria of the structure. The characteristics of the modern foucauldian dispositif, that the Union acquired in the period of the Thaw, remained valid in the next period, of reideologisation (1958-1963). The conclusions are that even in conditions of totalitarianism, subjects and structures can introduce creative elements into the process of reproduction of a given order, by modifying this order.

Universality, Resistance, and the Struggle for Recognition. Challenging the Inevitability of Hegel’s Rabble

Author(s): Sabeen Ahmed / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Inspired by the pioneering work of Robert R. Williams and Axel Honneth, this article offers a new lens through which to consider Hegel’s infamous ‘rabble problem.’ By rethinking the conflict between the rabble and the State as a conflict between intersubjective and institutional recognition—generating a failure of reciprocal recognition—I suggest that there is embedded in Hegel's right of necessity a right of resistance that the rabble may justifiably claim in their struggle for recognition. The existence of the rabble, I ultimately suggest, is therefore not an inevitable consequence of the State, but an indication that the State has itself failed to concretize the universal consciousness of Spirit.

Univerzalizam/partikularizam: shvatanje sopstva i rekonstrukcija zajednice u uslovima moderne

Author(s): Jasminka Babić-Avdispahić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 01+02/2000

Debata između liberala i komunitarista je ključna debata unutar novijih tokova etike i političke filozofije. Ona je nastupila na filozofsku scenu u trenutku kada se činilo da su kantijanski liberali stekli prednost nad utilitarizmom. Rawlsova teorija pravde kao nepristrasnosti, u razvijenom obliku u kojem je predstavljena čitalačkoj publici sedamdesetih godina u Teoriji pravde, ne samo da je definitivno potakla napuštanje isključive orjentiranosti na meta-pitanja u prilog gradnji apstraktnih normativnih teorija, već se ukazala kao nadmoćna alternativa i kritika utilitarističkih teorija, što je tradicionalno bila Kantova teorija. Rawlsova teorija, koja hoće objasniti našu intuiciju da prava pojedinca ne mogu biti predmet političkog kalkulusa, da se mora respektirati odvojivost osoba, da su neke sklonosti (poput mučenja drugog) i neke institucije (poput ropstva) loše po sebi, ukazuje na neadekvatnost utilitarizma koji se svojim neutralnim kalkulusom najprije činio pogodnim za liberalne svrhe.

Uniwersytet a totalitaryzmy

Author(s): Piotr Jaroszyński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 25/2015

Totalitarian system roots deeper than the human flaws, which manifests itself in the desire to own or dominate. At the foundation of any totalitarian system there is some image of a human being, which makes it possible or impossible to take possession of her or him. The above mentioned image may be derived from mythology, religion, ideology or science. It emerges not merely in military circles, among those longing for combat, nor among the profit-craving bankers, since it may also emerge at universities, among scholars who lacking awareness in terms of methodology and being ignorant of limitations to every domain of science attempt to reduce the concepts of a human being to the level of impersonal being. As a consequence, they facilitate it for the totalitarian system to successfully promote the anti-human civilisation all over the world. Further to the above, the considerations on totalitarian system also have to take into account science and university circles. That idea was also presented in the numerous speeches of John Paul II, who addressing the scientific circles warned them against totalitarian system which may take possession of university circles and scholars.

Unutardržavni, međudržavni i svjetski mir

Author(s): Ante Pažanin / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 04/1991

The author pleads for scientific research on peace and the maintenance of peaceful relationships, as well as human rights within and between countries. Problems of peace and war in European civilization have a prominent place not only in doctrines concerning worldviews and religions but also in philosophical systems. The author points towards the importance of peace not only seen as an establishment of a political condition without danger for biological survival but also in terms of worthwhile living and the realization of freedom in the political community.

Unwanted Heritage? Historiographic Discourse about (Second) Yugoslavia

Author(s): Jurij Hadalin / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2016

In a short overview the author attempts to present the attitude towards the second Yugoslav state in the Slovenian historiography and society, as in Slovenia the Yugoslav history remains above all a political rather than expert topic. The question when this flaw will be overcome remains unanswered. Nevertheless, the author estimates that the processes, seen outside of the broader context in the past, should sometimes be viewed from a somewhat different perspective.

Up from the Underground: Ellison on Equality

Author(s): Catherine H. Zuckert / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2010

Upotreba znanja u društvu

Author(s): Friedrich von Hayek / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1-2/2017

Koji je to problem koji želimo da rešimo kada pokušavamo da konstruišemo racionalni ekonomski poredak? Pod određenim poznatim pretpostavkama, odgovor je prilično prost. Ako posedujemo sve relevantne informacije, ako možemo da počnemo iz datog sistema preferenci i ako posedujemo potpuno znanje o dostupnim sredstvima, problem koji nam ostaje je čisto logički. To jest, odgovor na pitanje šta je najbolja upotreba dostupnih sredstava implicitno je sadržan u našim pretpostavkama. Uslovi koje rešenje ovog problema optimuma mora da ispuni su potpuno razrađeni i daju se najbolje izraziti u matematičkoj formi. U najkraćem, oni glase: marginalne stope supstitucije bilo koja dva dobra ili faktora moraju biti iste u svim svojim različitim upotrebama. Ovo, ipak, nesumnjivo nije ekonomski problem sa kojim se društvo suočava. I ekonomski račun koji smo razvili kako bi razrešili ovaj logički problem, iako je bitan korak ka rešenju ekonomskog problema društva, još uvek ne pruža odgovor. Razlog tome je što „podaci“ od kojih ekonomski račun počinje nikad nisu za čitavo društvo „dati“ pojedinačnom umu, koji onda može da odredi implikacije, niti ikad mogu da budu dati na taj način. [...]

UPWARD SOCIAL MOBILITY OF INDIVIDUALS FROM MINORITY GROUPS: A CASE STUDY OF ROMA WOMENIN HIGHER EDUCATION

Author(s): Irina Ilisei / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

In this paper I investigate the phenomena of social mobility of women from patriarchal communities and the low rates of social upward mobility of women having an ethnic minority background. The aim is to identify the factors that influence access to higher education for Roma women living in Romania. I examine the interaction between social, economic, cultural and institutional factors. This paper offers a clearer understanding of the interconnections between different factors in the decision making of women from minority communities who seek a higher socio-economic status. The results of this research are based on empirical evidence through qualitative research. The paper has an interdisciplinary perspective, though the main approach derives from sociology and political science (policy analysis). An important input in this research comes from a gender studies perspective, especially related to the analysis of the intersection between gender, class and ethnicity.