“KILLING A TYRANT” – REMARKS ON CICERO’S MILONIANA

Author(s): Tamás Nótári / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2012

Pro Milone represents an exception in two aspects both among the speeches left to us as Cicero’s life-work. On the one hand, this is the oratio whose original was delivered by the orator in a lost lawsuit, however, later on, guided by political considerations, he published its revised version. On the other hand, Pro Milone is the speech of which we exactly know that the version published by Cicero and left to us is different from the oration given before the court of justice not only in style and structure but in its essence. Pro Milone is an essential constituent part and source of Cicero’s philosophy of the state that produced hardly overestimatable impact on European thinking, that is, in them Cicero as an orator and a politician, trying in vain to get back to the summit of his former influence, formulates his concept on the theory of the state pointing far beyond the handling of the facts of the case and the rhetorical tactics as well as the rhetorical situation, which later on crystallised and constituted the subject matter in his theoretical works.

“Minimum Din Maksimum Demokrasi”: Müslüman Entelektüellerin Bakişiyla İran’daki Siyasal İslam Tecrübesinin Kisa Bir Tahlili

Author(s): Asiye Tigli / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 3/2015

In this article, by dealing with the discussions on the relationship of religion and politics before and after the Islamic Revolution in Iran, we tried to display the kind of change occurred in three prominent Iranian Muslim intellectuals’ approach to the problem in time, namely Mehdi Bazargan, Abdolkarim Soroush and Mohammad Mojtahed Shabestari, who were among the supporters of the Revolution, but later on became the pioneers of the opponents. According to these intellectuals, the problem is not only political, but also consisted of many subjects from universality of religious law to the perception of revelation. The study evaluates these intellectual’s political approaches within the framework of their own theological mindset.

“Transmetropolitan”. Dystopia, Hyperbole, and the Superhero

Author(s): Justyna Galant / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

“РОДИНА-МАТЬ” КАК КУЛЬТУРНО-СЕМИОТИЧЕСКИЙ РЕСУРС СОВРЕМЕННОГО РОССИЙСКОГО АНТИАМЕРИКАНИЗМА

Author(s): Tatjana Borisovna Riabova,A. A. Romanova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2015

The article deals with the role of the symbol of the Motherland in the contemporary Russian Anti- Americanism. The author characterizes reasons, forms, and resources of Anti-Americanism, including cultural and semiotic resources. The materials of the research consist of the results of interview as well as the discussion on the monument «The Motherland Calls!» (April – May 2015) in Russia. The author points out that not only the maternal symbol of Russia but also Russians’ treatment of their own country as «Mother Russia» are interpreted as specific characteristics of Russian culture, diacritics, and thus serve as important parts of the Russian national identity. In contemporary Russia the maternal symbol of the country is involved in practices of legitimation of anti-American attitudes and contributes to actualization of most characteristic which form the negative stereotype of Americans.

„Idea rosyjska” jako problem – perspektywa filozoficzna

Author(s): Marian Broda / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 14/2015

A comprehensive analysis of the ―Russian idea‖ – understood as a problem – involves realizing a wide array of the problem’s aspects. Concentrating one’s attention on the philosophical dimension, one needs to remember that the philosophical reflection should programmatically link together maximum generality and maximum (self-)criticism. In a situation where the integral element of the philosophical thought is the meta- reflection, and at the same time the integral element of the ―Russian idea‖ remains its philosophical dimension, the epistemic and epistemological level of the possible (self-) problematization is worth distinguishing. The former is connected to the viewpoint of the subject involved in the project of the ―Russian idea‖, which means that the undertaken problematization of reality – and the ways of its conceptualization – cannot in principle undermine its common sense, axiological arguments and social reality, but on the contrary, explain and legitimize them. The latter is an attempt to look at the analyzed process from the outside, which creates a possibility to problematize the general framework of the subject-object order, which the project of the ―Russian idea‖ a priori designates and recognizes in the world, de facto assuming it to be true, essential and real.

„L’amie de la liberté”: Benjamina Constanta rozważania o wolności

Author(s): Sabina Kruszynska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

The author of the article by analyzing and interpreting Constant’s texts performs detailed reconstruction of the idea of freedom included in these texts. The author shows a close connection between Constant’s idea of freedom and of ideas developed by the French thinker and politician in his work on religion. Known classifications (made by Constant) between the individual and political freedom and between freedom of the ancient and modern thereby obtain specific philosophical justification.

„Socialistinio humanizmo“ literatūra: užuojauta kaip ideologinės manipuliacijos atmaina

Author(s): Rita Tutlyte / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 1/2017

In this article, we examine the “socialist humanism” that unfolds in Mykolas Sluckis’s novel Laiptai į dangų (Stairway to the Skies, 1963); we examine the contents, rhetorical means for building the text and the forms of ideological expression of said “socialist humanism.” In deconstructing the text, we put emphasis on the strategies of suggestion. One of such strategies is the following one: an individual wronged by destiny, one in need of care and compassion, is thrown into a whirlwind of political events. In such a way, the conflict of ideologies is transferred into the domestic environment and the psychological realm. A “naked” political argumentation is refused, and emotions are instead utilized for suggestion. The figure of the cripple, which appeared in the works of the “socialist humanism” program, provides the said cripple figure with a dimension of humanity and links it with tradition; on the other hand, it is also manipulated. An idea is being instilled that the only society that can be created on the principles of mutual aid and compassion is the socialist society. We study in the article whether the rhetorical operations of the novel, and especially the novel’s ending, affirm these ideological schemes or demonstrate their ambiguity. Several methods of suggestion employed by the author are observable: an emotional love story is being narrated with the help of inner monologues, the presented characteristics of the story’s characters are tendentious, the ambivalence of aposiopeses and hints is maintained, deliberate comments are inserted, passions relating to pity are being manipulated, and the relationships between parents and children have an undertone resembling Pavlik Morozov, the parents’ traitor. The unfurled paradigm of compassion in Sluckis’s book aids in understanding the reception of “socialist humanism” in the Soviet-era society of Lithuania – to understand why manipulation based on the means of kindness and compassion was being rejected in the underground movements of the Soviet period. What is also observable is that in the 1980s, literature works of the silent modernism gave a new sense to the portrayal of the cripple: the cripple of the last generation, manipulated and devoid of any autonomous value, is opposed by the cripple as a free individual who possesses an independent worldview.

„Wojna sprawiedliwa” — pożyteczna fikcja czy realistyczny postulat?

Author(s): Piotr Bartula / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 38/2017

As the well-known proverb goes, war is a continuation of politics by other means. Every realistic political perspective acknowledges the possibility of war as the last resort in solving agonal conflicts. As such, politics is to war as the threat of force is to its actual use. With skepticism, my paper explores the presupposition that war can be a lawful, legitimate instrument of politics. Specifically, I consider two opposing “just war” paradigms- the realistic and moralistic.

„Анти-Маркс“, три тезиса

Author(s): Krasimir Delchev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2018

The article criticizes Marx’s political economy.

„Основността” на философията като наука (из теория на българската основнонаучна школа

Author(s): Georgi Belogashev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2015

The philosophical tradition of the world famous Bulgarian philosopher Prof. Dimiter Mihalchev is considered in the paper. The author’s approach is theoretical – he would like to analyze the basic character of philosophy as regards sciences.