Filozofia i wartości. Tom IV

Author(s): Bogusław Wolniewicz / Language(s): Polish

The publication deals with ontological, ethical and axiological issues. The author presents a philosophical position which he describes as transcendental rationalism. The book concludes a four-volume publishing cycle, which collected texts containing often controversial views and opinions of the Author – a Polish philosopher, logician, and founder of the ontology of the situation.

Praktyka wnioskowania statystycznego

Author(s): Wiesław Szymczak / Language(s): Polish

This book is not a textbook on statistical methods. Its aim is to sensitize statistical users to the limitations of the methods used. Limitations resulting directly from axioms, e.g. the theory of statistical hypothesis testing, or limitations that are a consequence of imperfections in the used statistical software. The use of advanced software by people who do not know the basics of statistics will lead to often irrational decisions. In this book, I also present in a critical manner the issues of the assessment of the effect size and the observed power of statistical tests (observed power of applied tests). In the last chapter, I sketch different approaches to testing hypotheses than the Neyman-Pearson theory, Bayesian methods and maximum likelihood methods. // Książka ta nie jest typowym podręcznikiem metod statystycznych, w którym omawia się podsta-wowe albo zaawansowane metody statystyczne wykorzystywane do opraco-wywania wyników badań ilościowych w naukach społecznych, medycznych itp. Zwracam w niej uwagę przede wszystkim na problemy wynikające z niespełniania przez materiał empiryczny teoretycznych założeń leżących u podstaw używanych metod, na pewnego typu „uzależnienie” – w sensie skazania się na zaimplementowane tam testy statystyczne – od używanego oprogramowania. Obszerny rozdział poświęcam też krytycznej ocenie zagadnienia wielkości efektu i obserwowalnej mocy testu. Te dwie ostatnie kwestie są o tyle niebezpieczne, że bywają instytucjonalnie wymuszane na autorach artykułów. Publikacja ta będzie więc mniej przydatna dla studentów rozpoczynających naukę statystyki, natomiast powinna być czytana przez badaczy stosujących metody statystyczne do opracowywania wyników swoich badań. Chciałbym mieć nadzieję, że moje rozważania uświadomią im, jak łatwo można zastosować nieprawidłowe rozwiązanie, budując na nim cały gmach interpretacji merytorycznych w oczywisty sposób nieprawdziwych.

Социалната уязвимост

Author(s): / Language(s): Bulgarian

The following collective monograph presents the summarized theoretical achievements of a study of a team of young scientists and postdoctoral fellows on a project on the topic: “I have no one to turn to! - Socioanalytical dimensions of vulnerability” (funded by NF “Scientific Research”, contract № ДМ 20/4, 20.12.2017). The team comprises 11 young scientists, PhD students and postdoctoral fellows from the departments of “Sociology and Human Sciences” and “Philosophy” at the Faculty of Philosophy and History at Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”.The research presented in this monography is structured in a way that demonstrates the effectiveness of the analytic interplay between data obtained through empirical research and attempts to develop socioanalytical identifiers of social vulnerability, as well as those for synthesizing methodological approaches for the analysis of various forms of social suffering. The productive meeting between them is reflected in the Socioanalytical Protocol Project as developed by the team members.The first two introductory texts has focus, on the one hand, on outlining the contexts in which the work on the project “I have no one to turn to! - socioanalytical dimensions of vulnerability” is carried out, following the key semantic problems: 1. The practice of understanding in socioanalytical conversations; 2. Analytical techniques for microscopic practico-logical data analysis; 3. Socioanalytical interpretation of the data relevant to the socioanalysis from the practical logic of the persons studied; 4. Reflexivity and self-reflexivity of the methodology and of the socioanalyst. These two texts also summarize the problems the team is facing. On the other hand, particular attention is paid to the methodology used in the Socioanalytical Protocol Project, which is developed as the main methodological instrument for the work on the empirical studies.The main thematic presentation related to the work on the empirical studies is presented in the section Socioanalytical Dimensions of Vulnerability, which consists of 9 texts developed through research work with this methodological tool. Each text is accompanied by an “Excerpt from the Project for Socioanalytical Protocol” on the relevant research case, which gives the reader a chance to become acquainted with the integral part of the research process and the intermediate analytical moves that led to the analyzes, reflections and results presented in each article.

Metakolaż. O kanonie myślenia metaforycznego

Author(s): Dorota Rybarkiewicz / Language(s): Polish

The author explains the construct of meta-collage by discussing the hybrid concept of metaphor and ways of metaphorical thinking in philosophy, science and ideology. A multi-themed description of various metaphors performing the function of mental models reveals their similarity to a sheet of glass. We look through it, discovering the world, but we do not know if it is transparent or just translucent, scratched or maybe covered with textural marks and colours superimposed on what we are trying to discern beyond it. Metaphors create cognitive categories that are a source of interpretation for incoming data. Their double role puts us against the question about the truth of cognition based on this mechanism and the scope of cognitive uncertainty where the mind can be led astray. The author gives many examples of reaching such limits of cognition and tries to explore issues related to the role of this mechanism in thinking, also of the scientific kind, as well as to its impact on cognition and its assessment. The book will not only help the reader find their way around metacollage: by dint of stimulating ratiocination, it can also contribute to improving the cognitive process and to increasing the chances for a better interpretation of the changing reality.

Elementy logiki matematycznej i metodologii nauk ścisłych (skrypt z wykładów)

Author(s): Andrzej Indrzejczak,Stanisław Jaśkowski / Language(s): Polish

The presented volume is a reissue of the collection of lecture transcripts on mathematical logic and methodology of exact sciences by Stanisław Jaśkowski (1906-1965), an outstanding Polish logician and mathematician, representative of the Lwów-Warsaw School, the creator of natural deduction systems and paraconsistent logics.The transcripts collection was published in 1947 to meet the needs of students of mathematics at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, with which Jaśkowski was professionally connected for the last twenty years of his life.The book is the author’s original, extraordinarily modern approach to the subject, significantly different from other textbooks. This was the first work in which logic was consistently presented in the form of a natural deduction system, which later became a standard in logic-related didactics. Given that Jaśkowski developed first systems of this type in the 1930s, we are dealing with an extremely important historical testimony of their first use in teaching.Thanks to the outstanding educational value of this transcript collection, it still remains a very interesting reference for specialists, while students can continue relying on it as a useful textbook on logic – all despite the passing of over seventy years since the first edition.

Elementy teorii mnogości

Author(s): Marek Nowak / Language(s): Polish

The monograph contains the most important elements of the Zermelo-Fraenkel axiomatic set theory with the axiom of choice: axiomatics, definitions of basic concepts, theories of binary relations, partial ordering, equivalence, functions, ordinal numbers and cardinal numbers.It was created on the basis of lectures conducted over many years by the author for philosophy students at the University of Łódź. Therefore, it does not require a thorough mathematical background; it is enough to have some logical "skills" in theorem proving, or, indeed, a knowledge of such logical constants as Boolean functions and quantifiers. It can be used not only by mathematicians and mathematics students, but also by humanists wishing to consolidate their knowledge of sets, often used in various formalization procedures. The more so because some topics have a philosophical character, including discussions about the axiom of regularity and the concept of founding a set, equivalence relation, ordinal number or axiom of choice.

Pedagogika analityczna. Od porządkowania wiedzy naukowej do odkrywania jej nowych obszarów

Author(s): Alicja Żywczok,Bogumiła Bobik / Language(s): Polish

The monograph proposes viewing classification as not only a cognitive process that organizes knowledge, but also one that promotes the dynamic development of science: initiating new directions, concepts, branches of science, trends, sub-disciplines, etc. In structured knowledge it is easier to detect places yet unmarked in science. Thus the object of the presented research is the significance of ordering the scientific knowledge in the form of classification in the field of social sciences, in the discipline of pedagogy. Methodological resources of hermeneutics proved to be useful in analysis and interpretation of scientific source texts and official documents. The structure of the monograph consists of the table of contents, introduction, four chapters, conclusion, bibliography, list of diagrams and tables, personal index, summary and note about the authors.

Analitic and Algebraic Geometry 4

Author(s): / Language(s): English

This volume (the fourth in the series) is dedicated to two mathematicians: Wojciech Kucharz, who celebrates 70th anniversary in 2022 and Tadeusz Winiarski who celebrated the 80th anniversary in 2020. These people were closely associated with our conferences Analytic and Algebraic Geometry. The first one is an active participant of the conferences since 2009 and the second one is a leading figure of the conferences almost from the beginning (1983). Thanks to their mathematical vigor and stimulation the conferences become more interesting and fruitful.

Wojciech Kucharz – Scientific biography

Author(s): Kamil Rusek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Tadeusz Winiarski – Scientific biography

Author(s): Kamil Rusek,Marcin Dumnicki,Piotr Tworzewski / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Convexifying of polynomials by convex factor

Author(s): Abdulljabar Naji Abdullah,Klaudia Rosiak,Stanisław Spodzieja / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

W pracy podajemy nowe wyniki dotyczące "uwypuklania" wielomianów rzeczywistych, a w szczególności uogólniamy niektóre z rezultatów z pracy K. Kurdyka, S. Spodzieja, „Convexifying positive polynomials and sums of squares approximation”, SIAM J. Optim. 25 (2015), no. 4, 2512-2536. Pokazujemy też pewne zastosowania uzyskanych wyników w optymalizacji.

Zariski multiplicity conjecture in families of non-degenerate singularities

Author(s): Szymon Brzostowski,Tadeusz Krasiński,Grzegorz Oleksik / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

We give a new, elementary proof of the Zariski multiplicity conjecturein μ-constant families of non-degenerate singularities.

On Lê’s formula in arbitrary characteristic

Author(s): Evelia Rosa García Barroso,Arkadiusz Płoski / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this note we extend, to arbitrary characteristic, Lê's formula (Calculation of Milnor number of isolated singularity of complete intersection. Funct. Anal. Appl. 8, 127-131 (1974))

Lefschetz numbers and asymptotic periods

Author(s): Karol Gryszka / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this note we prove several results linking Lefschetz numbers with asymptotic behaviour of the orbit in flows. With the aid of the Lefschetz fixed point theorem and the presence of a non-trivial limit set we prove the existence of asymptotically non-periodic orbits.

Lectures on polynomial equations: Max Noether’s Fundamental Theorem, The Jacobi Formula and Bézout’s Theorem

Author(s): Arkadiusz Płoski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Using some commutative algebra we prove Max Noether’s Theorem, the Jacobi Formula and B´ezout’s Theorem for systems of polynomial equations defining transversal hypersurfaces without common points at infinity.

An invitation to the positivity and geometry of algebraic cycles

Author(s): Justyna Szpond / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this work is an introduction and overview of geometric and numeric properties of algebraic cycles in smooth projective varieties. We recall or propose several problems, which we consider worth to study. We are mainly interested in, but do not restrict our story to, codimension 2 cycles in projective spaces. These are points in P^2, curves in P^3, surfaces in P^4 and so on.

An estimation of the jump of the Milnor number of plane curve singularities

Author(s): Aleksandra Zakrzewska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The jump of the Milnor number of an isolated singularity f₀ is the minimal non-zero difference between the Milnor numbers of f₀ and one of its deformations fs. We estimate the jump using the Enriques diagram of f₀.

Epistemická logika: úvod se zaměřením na studenty humanitních oborů

Author(s): Ivo Pezlar / Language(s): Czech

The book “Epistemic Logic: An Introduction for Students of Humanities” is intended to anyone who wants to learn about epistemic logic (i.e., logic dealing with formal analysis of notions of knowledge and belief) and problems that this quickly growing discipline on the thresholds of philosophy, logic and computer science brings along. Main focus will be on the so called Standard Epistemic Logic (SEL), whose foundations were laid down by finish logician and philosopher Jaakko Hintikka in his pioneering book “Knowledge and Belief: An Introduction to the Logic of the Two Notions” (1962).

Прогноза за времето: от епичния „край на света“ до апокалипсиса днес

Author(s): Lidija D. Delić / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The paper examines the folklore understanding of weather conditions, archaic conceptualization of cataclysms and contemporary newspaper/internet articles on similar topics in a comparative context. It turns out that modern civilization inherits part of the rhetorical repository and imaginary of traditional cultures when it comes to meteorological phenomena, employing them in a new context in the already recognized global “discourse of fear/intimidation” (F. Furedi, D. Altheide, P. Cap). At the same time, this rhetorical identification is seductive insofar as all its parameters (the planet has warmed since pre-industrial times, glaciers are melting, sea levels have risen, a large percentage of forests emitting oxygen have been cut down, the ozone layer and ecosystem-regulating animal species vanish, humanity has increased enormously) speak that on a global level something dramatic is happening and that we are not just witnessing another of the great resurrections of history and its (mis)use.

Combinatorial point configurations and polytopes

Author(s): Sergiy Yakovlev,Oksana Pichugina,Liudmyla Koliechkina / Language(s): English

The monograph is dedicated to exploring combinatorial point configurations derived from mapping a set of combinatorial configurations into Euclidean space. Various methods for this mapping, along with the typology and properties of the resultant configurations, are presented. In addition, the study revolves around combinatorial polytopes defined as convex hulls of combinatorial point configurations. The primary focus lies in examining multipermutation and partial multipermutation point configurations alongside their associated combinatorial polytopes known as multipermutohedra and partial multipermutohedra. Our theoretical contributions are substantiated through the proof of theorems and supporting auxiliary statements. Examples and illustrations are included to enhance the comprehension of the material.