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“The Brain in Vat” at the Intersection

Author(s): Danilo Šuster / Language(s): English / Issue: 52/2018

Goldberg 2016 is a collection of papers dedicated to Putnam’s (1981) brain in a vat (‘BIV’) scenario. The collection divides into three parts, though the issues are inter-connected. Putnam uses conceptual tools from philosophy of language in order to establish theses in epistemology and metaphysics. Putnam’s BIV is considered a contemporary version of Descartes' skeptical argument of the Evil Genius, but I argue that deception (the possibility of having massively false belief) is not essential, externalism does all the anti-skeptical work. The largest section in the collection covers Putnam’s model-theoretic argument (MTA) against metaphysical realism (MR) and its connections with the brain in vat argument (BVA). There are two camps—unifiers (there is a deep connection in Putnam’s thoughts on BVA, MTA and MR) and patchwork theorists and I try to provide some support for the second camp. All of the papers in the collection are discussed and the anti-skeptical potential of BVA is critically assessed.

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„Archiwum” i archiwum

Author(s): Danuta Ulicka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2017

This article announces the discovery of Dawid Hopensztand’s archive – a discovery that is immensely important for the humanities in Poland. It allows Ulicka to reconstruct, correct and complete his intellectual and personal biography, tackling such problems as, first, the intellectual status and value of archival research in the context of the epistemological transformations of the humanities in the second half of the twentieth century, and second, the controversies around the intellectual formation associated with the left movement, esp. Communism. Ulicka argues for the value of documentary research even while remaining conscious of its shortcomings. Although the information it provides is fragmentary, such research can significantly alter the intellectual landscape. It is also necessary, Ulicka argues, to revisit ideologically predetermined opinions about the relationship of these intellectual formations with Marxism and Communism – revisions that are already well advanced in the European humanities with their focus on Formalism, Bakhtin, structuralism and semiotics.

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„Bardzo nieliczni czują, że ich życie nie jest życiem, lecz śmiercią”. F. Dostojewski i L. Szestow wobec idei szczęścia i egzystencjalnej satysfakcji

Author(s): Michał Kruszelnicki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 33/2016

In my paper I set the existential interpretation of Dostoevsky’s Notes from the Underground proposed by Lev Shestov against the religious and psychological interpretations of this novel in order to excavate a vital problem in Dostoevsky, which is the inversion of hierarchy in pairs of oppositional categories such as normality-pathology, happiness-unhappiness, harmony- dissonance, omnitude-lack, certainty-uncertainty, joy-despair, faith-doubt. Following Shestov I argue that Dostoevsky embraces those categories that are traditionally mistrusted and negatively valorized and by so doing he rehabilitates the “underground”, accursed and unhappy existence at the expense of regular, “normal” life, easily founding spiritual certainty and every day satisfaction. Such an un-problematic life Dostoevsky’s man from the underground regards as a false, smug and eventually – “dead”. In further part of my study I focus on the religious aspect of Shestov’s later philosophy and try to prove that the perspective of faith gradually introduced to his reading of Dostoevsky in no way cancels Shestov’s early philosophy of the underground, despair and tragedy. On the contrary: if faith “obtained” is likely to become yet another mask of “evidence” and “certainty” and in this way might put stop to existential doubts and spiritual dissatisfaction, then neither Dostoevsky, nor Shestov himself, can easily trust it. In this situation despair and tragedy cannot but hold in Dostoevsky’s and Shestov’s thought and the circle of searching and suffering must remain vicious. I demonstrate the consistency in Shestov’s philosophical thought on Dostoevsky and its constant adequacy for understanding one of the crucial existential dilemmas in the works of the Russian writer.

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„Bezstronny obserwator” Adama Smitha a neutralne kryteria oceny w etyce społecznej

Author(s): Cezary Kalita / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 36/2016

Ethical theory for Adam Smith is first of all the basic mechanism of social controls. Going out from decisions of the matter of the moral feelings, which the ‘sympathy’ states the foundation; it tries to work out the neutral criteria of ethical opinions introducing the ‘impartial spectator’ figure. Superiority of this category in relation to John Rawls ‘veil of ignorance’ depends on this, that the Smith places his philosophical theory in the strong empirical context (the kind of sociological philosophy). Social ethicist is the base to build more folded regulators of community life, or social, such as economy and politics. The neutral criteria of ethical opinions are the foundation of different derivative social workings (economy, politics).

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„Bycie-w-miłości-z-Bogiem” jako działanie łaski Bożej w teologii Bernarda Lonergana

Author(s): Krzysztof Szwarc / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2012

The article takes up an issue of a Divine grace in a contemporary theology of the Canadian theologian, Bernard Lonergan. It is a phenomenologically-transcendental attempt of formulating the reality, where instead of the traditional theological ideas the new concepts appear, that refer to a human experience of love. In this way, Lonergan wants above all to point out, that the grace is a relation of persons, wherein the love as a gift originated from a free initiative of God becomes through a response of the man, a link creating a relationship and going beyond the man himself towards the others. That is why, Lonergan accepts the love between the people as a pattern for the grace, since he wants to explain how the man, living in the grace, acts, behaves and affects the others. As a definition of the reality of grace, Lonergan uses an expression: being-in-love-with-God, and in the first place he indicates what the man accepts from the outside thanks to the grace, to exhibit afterwards what he passes on further, being himself in the state of grace.

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„Drovių ir basų eilėraščių“ pavadinimai: apie Jano Tvardovskio neaiškius sinekdochinius biblionimus

Author(s): Serhiy Yermolenko / Language(s): English / Issue: 72/2015

The author focuses on some titles of poems by the Polish author priest Jan Twardowski (1915-2006) which he calls synecdochical (since they repeat a part of the text they name), in particular, those of them which seem to be uninformative, randomly and arbitrarily chosen as well as vaguely, if at all, motivated by the poem’s content. He explains their specific nature as determined by semiotic features of motivation proper to them as poetic text names, on the one hand, and by their role as an integral part of poetic text, on the other: taken out of their context and put in the prominent position of the title, such text fragments not only formally designate the text according to the ‘pars pro toto’ principle, but also get reinterpreted, acquiring new meaning as well as imparting an additional sense to the poem. The seeming vagueness of such titles acts as a means of making the reader seek the information they add to the text. Because of their vagueness and utter stylistic modesty, these titles represent those features of J. Twardowski’s poetics that reflect the Christian virtues of poverty and the belief in the incredible.

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„Gajo Petrović – Čovjek i filozof“

Author(s): Snježan Hasnaš / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 11/2009

Promocija Zbornika „Gajo Petrović – Čovjek i filozof“, 27. 10. 2008, Filozofski fakultet u Zagrebu

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„I Am Not a Christian” - A ‘’Sublime Lie”? or: „Without Authority”, Playing Desdemona to Christendom’s Othello

Author(s): Bruce H. Kirmmse / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2005

The attack on the Church which marked Søren Kierkegaard’s final year has always been a stumbling block. This attack was undeniably of great importance and equally undeniably has been a source of considerable embarrassment. Scholars in general and theologians in particular have avoided the issue like the plague. Nonetheless it is important to keep our eye on Kierkegaard’s concluding polemic: His exit, like that of his mentor Socrates, casts a decisively important retrospective light of urgency and radicality upon all his previous achievements. [...]

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„Ikisokratikai“ XXI amžiaus skaitytojui

Author(s): Mantas Adomėnas / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 3/2018

The review of: Laks A., Most G. W. (eds. & trans.). Early Greek Philosophy. Vol. 1–9 (Loeb Classical Library 524–532) (Cambridge (Mass.)-London: Harvard University Press, 2016).

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„Ja sam sveto čudovište“

Author(s): Peter Sloterdijk,Sven Gechter / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 57.3/2000

Interview with Peter Sloterdijk.

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„Jesteśmy połączonym z sobą światem” – Timothy Morton i widmo innej wspólnoty

Author(s): Andrzej Marzec / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2018

Marzec analyses the phenomenon of non-humans disappearing in black boxes (Bruno Latour), withdrawing into handiness (Martin Heidegger/Graham Harman) and their dissolving in Nature (Timothy Morton). Looking for the cause for the catastrophic distinction between humans and non-humans, Marzec finds answers in Morton’s philosophical tools. A key reason the distinction between humans and non-humans is the transition from the gathering and hunting collective to the agricultural community – a transition that gives rise to agrilogistics or thinking about non-humans in terms of resources or private property. Marzec explores the notion of ecology without the notion of Nature and uses Morton’s concept of dark ecology to outline the possibilities of another community in solidarity with non-humans.

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„Mysterium” w euchologii hiszpańsko‑mozarabskiej: od epistemologii liturgicznej do eklezjalnej praxis

Author(s): Piotr Roszak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2015

One of the characteristics of the Hispanic euchology is its focus on the mystery known, mediated and participated in the rite by faith. This tri-partite division will determine our reflection on mystery. First, Mozarabic Rite is oriented ad consideranda divinis Mysteriis sacramenta. It is very typical for this rite this verbal unit between mystery and sacrament, which establishes the appropriated hermeneutical coordinates for the liturgical epistemology. These two terms are not already synonyms, since they indicate two different aspects, external (sign) and internal (salvific reality), mediating in rite. Liturgical actio opens up space and time so that, under visible signs, one can discover the invisible mystery. Second, for Mozarabs, the mystery is not so much a reminder of the unknowability of God but means his Trinitarian revelation. Finally, the Hispanic euchology is marked by concern for adequately celebrating mysteriis solemnitatis, the grace of sacraments, and intends to hold the odore fragrantia of mystery in the rite. The Christian life is view as the bringing of mysteries which God wanted to share with man. It introduces the ecclesial paradigm of wisdom, which entails liturgy comprehended by Mozarabs as arcanum Christi.

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„RADIKALI“ ABEJONĖ DESCARTES’O FILOSOFIJOJE

Author(s): Tomas Saulius / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 88/2015

Descartes’ corpus is generally considered to be a watershed between scholastic and modern philosophy. According to common opinion, Cartesian method of radical doubt, the one presented and practiced in Descartes’ philosophical works, discloses new horizons to the mind – it allows to reach indubitable certainty from the “first-person-perspective”, without appealing to the unverifiable hypotheses about the relation of the subject of perception to perceptual objects. This paper argues that such an approach to Cartesian philosophy is superficial. The deeper insight reveals both explicit and implicit presuppositions of Descartes, which in the practice of the radical doubt remain unquestionable and, moreover, eventually are established as fundamental principles of worldview or norms of rational thinking.

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„Śmiertelne wydłubywanie słów”. O twórczości Zygmunta Krukowskiego

Author(s): Karol Maliszewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3 (24)/2017

The author presents Zygmunt Krukowski (1951-2013), a local and little known poet from Nowa Ruda in Poland’s Lower Silesia. He analyzes Krukowski’s poems as rooted in a concrete local area and describes various modes by means of which the poet creates the regional space; the latter is consequently characterized as a literary construct. He points out that some of the poems may be interpreted in the context of the Heraclitean philosophical tradition. According to the critic, it is essential to preserve the memory of important (if neglected) representatives of regional culture and literature.

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„Sprawiedliwy” według Ez 18

Author(s): Jan Jachym / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/1997

The prophet Ezekiel presents to the exiles, in chapter 18 of his book, the socio-moral program in the new circumstances of life. In the example of the opposite: the righteous - the sinner, Ezekiel develops the thought: that both the father and the son will be responsible for the facts they committed. Recalling to the exiles, in the new conception, the content of the liturgical Torah, that the people heard judis in the door of the temple, the prophet uses the terms understandable terms to listeners. The just in respecting the religious and moral rules concluded in the will be responsible Law of the Holiness satisfies the will of Jahve who is Holy God. Such a man may hope to remain alive and to participate in the worship of the new temple.

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„Suvokimo Fenomenologija“ Ir Merlau-Ponty Meno Filosofijos Ištakos

Author(s): Antanas Andrijauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 74/2013

In this article, attention is focused on the beginnings of Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s art philosophy as they are presented in his program work Phenomenology of Perception. Also the author tries to explicate the meanings of the fundamental concepts of the work as well as their functions in existential phenomenology. Further he analyses Merleau-Ponty’s turn from the problems of “aesthetic perception”, characteristic of his early works, towards the concept of relation of the artist to his creative work, as inspired by ideas of a “new ontology” in his later works. The peculiarity of Merleau-Ponty’s art philosophy, the problems of the art hierarchy, the subject of artistry, the creative process and style, the piece of art, non finito and many other problems are succinctly discussed. Special attention is paid to artist’s psychical pathologies, that is, the relation of normality and abnormality in artistic work. The thinker’s approach to the expressive capabilities of different branches of art and their relations to East Asian art theories are also inquired.

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„Wegetatywne i telluryczne ingrediencje”. Obraz wstrętu w opowiadaniach Sierpień i Pan Brunona Schulza

Author(s): Aleksandra Naróg / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 29/2016

This paper is an attempt to investigate two short stories by Bruno Schulz (August and Pan) in the context of repulsion. This phenomenon was presented as an esthetical, ontological and epistemological determinant of Modernist literature. The experience of disgust was interpreted according to the elements of theoretical thought by Julia Kristeva and Mary Douglas as well as the affective turn in the humanities. It was found out that repulsion may be analysed as the main part of „topography” of Schulz’s universe: one of its main principles, both forming and deconstructing its matter.

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„Абсолютна метафорология“ ли е „абсолютната митология“? Мостът между Лосев и Блуменберг

Author(s): Silvia Borisova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2-3/2017

The article seeks to find and highlight the conceptual links between Losev’s “absolute mythology” and Blumenberg’s “absolute metaphorology”, viewed in the context of Blumenberg’s work on myth. For this purpose, the simultaneous affinity and contradistinction of myth and metaphor is taken as a support; the two are seen in their inevitable dialectic and in the ontological impossibility of one existing without the other. This dialectic marked Schelling’s idea of primordial (pre-mythical, pre-metaphorical) monotheism, of consubstantiality with otherness. For it’s part, Schelling’s philosophy of myth produces a kind of “mythology of the lost paradise”, which the author outlines in the article, beyond the formulations given in Schelling’s early and later writings. The author thereby proposes a possible way of consolidating the bridge between Losev’s and Blumenberg’s ideas.

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„Антропология с прагматической точки зрения" и Канта и идея взаимодействия культур

Author(s): Tamara Gorelova-Uzelac / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2004

U ovom radu autor istražuje izvore formiranja predstave о ambivalentnom karakteru medukultumog đelovanja u svetskoj kulturi na primeru radova Ž.Ž. Rusoa, J.G. Herdera i I. Kanta.

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Яко Хинтика. Логиката и философията на математиката през втората половина на ХХ век

Author(s): Rosen Lyutskanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2016

The present papers attempts to summarize Jaakko Hintikka's contributions to the development of logic, semantics and philosophy of mathematics.

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