Третичният мисловен процес на кръстопътя между метапсихологията, когнитивната наука и невронауката

Author(s): Petar Radoev Dimkov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2016

The strict differentiation between the abstract-verbal-logical thought (the Freudian secondary thought process) and the primitive, fantastic thought (primary thought process) is conditional and the border between the two is not clear-cut. This fact allows one to postulate the existence of a third thought process, which would fill the empty space. The third process, essentially, can be defined as concrete, imaginative representation of abstract notions, which is subjected to modifications of volition or as a regress in the name of the ego. Due to this position, the question about the third process touches upon some ancient philosophical questions, e. g. the origin of notions, in particular, the so-called conceptual empiricism, and the transcendental schematism of Kant. Also involved are the contemporary psychological research on representations as concrete and nonetheless generalizing image as well as fantastic imagination and reproductive imagination. The third process reveals itself as invaluable means to creative thought, which, in comparison with the secondary process, is elastic and plastic, and exactly due to this fact it can be subjected to modification (constructivism). Subjectivism and constructivism allow one to view this thought process from a philosophico-practical point of view.

Тридцатая меметовская. 30-я Международная научно-теоретическая конференция «Интеллигенция и интеллигентоведение в начале XXI века: результаты и перспективы»

Author(s): Vladimir Aleksandrovich Porozov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2020

The course of the Thirtieth international scientific and theoretical conference “Intelligentsia and intelligentsia studies at the beginning of the XXI century: results and prospects”, held in the city of Ivanovo on September 26—27, 2019, is described and analyzed. The annual conferences are an important event in the very functioning of the Scientific Research Institute of Intelligentsia Studies at Ivanovo State University , inter-university council “Intelligentsia. The culture. Power”, the entire Ivanovo scientific school of intellectual scientists. These essentially innovative phenomena of scientific life are the brainchild of a doctor of historical sciences, professor Valery Sergeyevich Memetov (1939—2019). The conference was dedicated to the memory of an outstanding scientist. In accordance with the conference topics, topical problems of the past, present and future of Russian intelligentsia studies are considered.

Федор Степун: русский философ о духовном кризисе Европы

Author(s): Ekaterina Mikhaylovna Veselova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2017

The article investigates views on the problem of religious devastation of Europe of one of interesting and appreciable authors of the Russian Abroad — Feodor Avgustovich Stepun, the Russian philosopher, the historian, the literary critic. Based on pre-war and post-war texts of Stepun and his dialogues with representatives of the German public, the author shows symptoms of spiritual crisis of the Western European life: on the one hand, the relation to Christianity — misunderstanding of the Christian fundamentals of history by Europeans, an incorrect ratio of Christianity and culture, distortion of the essence of Christianity and, as a result, spiritual degeneration of Europe; on the other hand, the West attitude towards the Soviet Russia, the USSR — from Soviet adherers in 1920 — the beginning of the 1930-s to anti-Sovietism after World War II. Presented are the exit options from the European crisis offered by F.A. Stepun the sense of which is uniform: return to Christian roots, search of mutual understanding between Russia and Europe. Analyzed is the latest work of Feodor Stepun as the last will of the Russian emigration to Europeans, drawn is the corresponding conclusion.

Фигури на пречупването: некласически модели и модализации

Author(s): Kristian Enchev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 6/2020

In the present experimental text I will show how thinking the body as an image-body refers to the impossible figures of its infinite 1) heterosimultaneous opening (unfolding the layers to the figure of a monster) and 2) shrinking to a point of impossibility (of narrative suspension, freezing in a figure) – which are two ideal poles. This double impossibility constitutes a fracture, conceived through illustricture as a (meta)figure. The collaborative work of two models – that of the Galilean pendulum, adapted for stage production, and the topological-quantum model of Deleuze and Guattari – will serve to analyze modalizations, in which analysis, alter-potentiality will be tested as a non-classical alternative in different contexts of subjectivation. The disjunctive synthesis of points from co-impossible surfaces, in the perspective of the connected models, allows us to think as unpredictable the development of the conceptual potentiality of autopoietic production beyond the stopping point of figuring in a figure

Филозофија и софистички дух времена

Author(s): Zoran Arsović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 3/2012

The paper deals with the philosophical analysis of the spirit of the time and the thematization of the so-called crisis of the polis. The main intention is to show its importance not only for the purpose of finding out about the fifth century, but for the purpose of understanding our own time as well.

Философия на медицината: върху някои аспекти на понятието „болест“

Author(s): Yulia Vasseva-Dikova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 6/2018

One of the central problems in the field of contemporary philosophy of medicine is the analysis of the concepts of health and disease. The article focuses on the discussions between normativists and naturalists regarding the role of values in the semantical analysis of the concepts of disease and health. The role of norm and anomaly is emphasized. The article specifically devotes attention to the different epistemological roles ascribed to norms and anomalies in contemporary medical science and theories. The article highlights the importance of nonclassical logic (fuzzy logic) for the philosophical analysis of “health” and “disease”.

Философия на понятието „артефакт“

Значимостта на артефактите в личната – биографична, в племенната, държавна, национална и световна история

Author(s): Krasimir Delchev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 6/2017

This article investigates the concept of “artifact”.

Философията на науката и нейното значение за света, в който живеем: разговор с Щефан Хартман, Статис Псилос и Роман Фриг

Author(s): Lilia Gurova,Anton Donchev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2017

Философската антропология във възгледите на Лудвиг Фойербах

Author(s): Sasho Vasilev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2015

In the wider sense, the concept of philosophical anthropology covers all views on the nature and essence of man since the remotest antiquity, whereas in its narrower associations it points to a philosophical discipline and a conceptually diverse movement that differentiated itself in the first half of the 20th century, joint together by the intention to define the foundations and spheres of man’s own being. It is considered to have formed upon the philosophical reflections of M. Scheler, H. Plessner, E. Rothacker, etc. Many scholars, however, have failed to recognize the fact that a number of the basic principles developed later on in the different views on man, were, for the first time, already to be found in a complex form and in the highest degree in the philosophy of L. Feuerbach.

Философски дискурс за патиштата на византиската гносеологија

Author(s): Stefan Sandzakovski / Language(s): Macedonian / Issue: 20/2014

The topic about the ways of the Byzantine gnoseology is extraordinarily demanding, confusing and difficult. In this discussion we will take the actual gnoseological tendencies in the contemporary European philosophy as a starting point. It is well-known that the majority of the contemporary European philosophers use the rationalistic method or the empiricism in order to reach one consistent philosophical knowledge. There are also such philosophers, who prefer the method of the pragmatism. Most uncommon are those, who use the intuitive method. It is more than obvious that it cannot be possible to equate all these methods with each other – they are all legitimate and original. Still, this gnoseological theories share some common, equivalent presuppositions, which will be analyzed within this study. Through reflecting from the perspective of the Byzantine philosophy it will be shown that it cannot be taken as valid to treat these presuppositions as superior to the differing and unique elements they are constituted of. The Byzantine gnoseology will be further observed and represented in relation to this methods, but without reducing it to any of them. It’s starting point and basic presupposition is the gnoseological relevance of the Christian revelation and the practicing of the Christian faith.

Философски интерпретации на некласическите логики

Author(s): Martin Tabakov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 6/2020

The paper examines questions that are essential to the philosophical interpretation of modern logic. The enormous number of different non-classical logics leads some philosophers to doubt the possibility of classifying them. Our objective requires a classification corresponding to the philosophical interpretation and importance of the systems rather than to their formal technical elements. This will not be a classification in the precise sense of the word, but a “typologization”, since a system may have different interpretations and the demarcation will not be strictly exclusive. I propose the following “typologization” of logics, corresponding to their philosophical evaluation (this is a “typologization”, and maybe even a classification, of the basic, most important and crucial philosophical-methodological interpretations of logical systems): “Logical systems serving as bases for a mathematical theory”; “Logical systems – attempts for the explication of logical inference”; “Logical systems expressing epistemological aspects. Logical systems related to ontological aspects”; “Logical systems as pure mathematical models without philosophical justification”; “Applied logic”; “Quasi-logical studies of language”.

Философски поглед върху психиатрията

Author(s): Roman Harizanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2019

In the Sun-Earth system, the second thermodynamic principle is manifested in a specific way. The sun exerts a potent protective effect on the most energy-intensive chemical reaction: the synthesis of proteins through nucleic acids. A buildable-degradable matter is accumulated. This process passes through several phases: growth of the individual, maturation, reproduction, saturation of the ecological niche of the population, formation of the species, increasing complexity of the environment, a progressive course of evolution, a transition from living beings’ adaptation to their environment to the environment’s adaptation to living beings. This happens as follows: a “conditioned stimulus”, designated here as “love of the future” is presented. The latter creates an un-conditioned stimulus. The consumption of the latter is designated as “love of the present”, which comprises satisfaction of instincts and the use of “free play”. “Free play” is fragmented by the rationality of the actions; and it has different forms of manifestation. Schizophrenia is a failure to build the neural connection between love of the future and love of the present. The author supports Bleuler’s view that the essential feature of schizophrenia is deficits in the higher functions. The article also discusses certain features of other psychoses, affective disorders, personality disorders, the role of transmitters, etc. A life strategy for better health is presented.

Философски съчинения

Author(s): Ivan Gyuzelev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 2016

Philosophical works includes two monographs of Acad. Ivan Nedev Gyuzelev (1844-1916): "The world as a product of consciousness" and “The absolute consciousness". They were published in the early XXth century, nowadays practically unknown to both specialists and general public. The publication of these texts allows us to think through deeper the deed of the almost forgotten Bulgarian original thinker. These texts have historical value too as they present the views of the author of the "first whole philosophical system in Bulgarian" (D. Mihalchev). The texts will be interesting for everyone who is working on the problem of the genesis of modern philosophical culture in Bulgaria.

Философско-методологическая рефлексия педагогической теории как феномена науковедения

Author(s): Andrey Vyacheslavovich Korzhuev,Yulia Borisovna Ikrennikova,Eleonora Konstantinovna Nikitina,Elena Leont`evna Ryazanova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2018

Introduction. The problem of the article is addressed to clarify the question of how the content of practical pedagogical knowledge accumulated by the society can be understood from the point of view of an epistemologically correct theoretical scheme, to what extent this scheme itself is now formed in the methodology of pedagogy and what are the immediate prospects for such formation. The aim of the article is to reveal the epistemological coding of the modern state of educational theory as an object of research reflection and the prospects for its further formation. Materials and Methods. Among our research methods, we consider it possible to include: analysis of literature on the topic of the work, a theoretical substantive generalization, heuristic synthesis, the formulation of a hypothesis about the possible content and activity filling the field of reflection of researchers in the field of pedagogy, and a prospectus of further approaches to the study of the problem. Results. The modern initial stage of the theoretical interpretation of pedagogy is identified, the difficulties of which are explained by the polyphony of coding: the object of pedagogy, its fundamental foundations, the rules for deducing consequences from general provisions, the correct implementation of generalizations and analogies, and the methods for carrying out the experiment and identifying experimental confirmation of an experted theory. As the nearest stage in the solution of these problems, the authors design correct theoretical constructs of a restricted nature which must include the following aspects: identifying weak research development of several segments of pedagogical reality, raising hypotheses about the possibility of describing them from the point of view of the positively valuable educational outcome for the learner and the ways of achieving it, finding the criteria for its evaluation and implementing them in a diagnostic format. Conclusions. The presented variant of polyaspect reflection of the results of educational research based on the theoretical scheme covers both retrospective and prospective reflective forms; it also shows all the procedures traditionally indicated by psychologists: stopping, removing, fixing, reviewing, objectifying; allows educational researchers to evaluate their investigations according to scientific norms which achieve a theoretical status. All the theses of the problematic format presented in the article are a possible field of application for beginning researchers.

Філософські засади академічно-громадського навчання у системі університетської освіти США

Author(s): Oresta Kloncak / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 22/2013

The article outlines philosophical theories that form theoretical and methodological basis of academic service-learning in the system of university education of the USA. It analyses the ways in which pedagogical principles of the philosophy of pragmatism, critical pedagogy, constructivism and postmodernism are reflected in the organization of academic service-learning. The author proves that the philosophical foundations of academic service-learning in the universities of the USA are focused on strengthening the role of students in the learning process as well as in social life, stimulating their cognitive activity, increasing internal motivation, formation of students’ responsibility for their own academic and social activities.

Формирование критического мышления на основе универсальных когнитивных установок, стратегий и инструментов

Author(s): Sergey Sergeevich Bogdan,Liya Luttovna Lashkova,Elena Vladimirovna Lukiyanchina / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2019

Introduction. The article investigates the problem of identifying universal cognitive attitudes and strategies of critical thinking in modern education. The aim of the research is to reveal the characteristic features of nurturing critical thinking based on universal cognitive attitudes, strategies and techniques. Materials and Methods. The article is based on works by D.Halpern, V.R.Rudgero and D.Levitin devoted to the development of basis of critical thinking. The research methodology includes general scientific method and comparing and reviewing foreign studies on critical thinking. Results. The authors have revealed the structure and the contents of the conceptual cognitive core of critical thinking, as well as such basic universal cognitive attitudes of critical thinking as conative and ethical ones. They include independence, mental flexibility and courage, observation and insistence, readiness for self-knowledge, meta cognition and planning, and confidence in the power of the mind. The authors summarize and classify the main skills of cognitive and logic techniques and strategies in critical thinking. The defined conceptual core of critical thinking includes universal cognitive attitudes and strategies which serve as emotional, intellectual and instrumental constituents for the development of effective techniques in fostering critical thinking within modern education. Conclusions. In conclusion the authors summarize the characteristic features of nurturing critical thinking based on universal cognitive attitudes, strategies and techniques.

Формирование трансдисциплинарных знаний у студентов технических направлений вузов

Author(s): Vladimir Ivanovich Gorbunov,Olga Konstantinovna Evdokimova,Giorgia Rimondi,Vsevolod Vladimirovich Andreev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2019

Introduction. The paper investigates the problem of modernization and development of engineering education within the contemporary context of global challenges. The aim of the research is to identify the particularities of acquiring transdisciplinary knowledge by students pursuing a degree in the field of engineering. Materials and Methods. The researchers took synergetic and systemic approaches to the study and conducted an analysis of university-level engineering education. The experimental substantiation involved processing and analyzing students’ examination results using the elements of cluster analysis. Results. The authors have identified the main features of acquiring transdisciplinary knowledge by students pursuing a degree in the field of engineering. It has been revealed that the discipline ‘The Russian language and Standards of Speech’ can be considered as an integrating discipline in the curriculum ensuring acquiring transdisciplinary skills by engineering students. Moreover, the study has summarized international experience of applying transdisciplinary approach to training highly qualified specialists. The authors have proved that the discipline ‘The Russian language and standards of speech’ is one of the most effective means of promoting figurative thinking, which is significant for developing creative thinking of prospective engineers. Transdisciplinary approach, based on the rational relationship between the known and the unknown, creates sufficient motivation which can arouse and maintain students’ interest in the essence of problems in the process of learning and acquiring new knowledge. Conclusions. The authors conclude about the specificity of acquiring transdisciplinary knowledge by university students pursuing a degree in the field of engineering.

Функционален модел на социалните въздействия на науката

Author(s): Ludmila Ivancheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 6/2016

The paper presents the author’s functional model of the exo-systemic social context of science in the form of a typology, and builds a classification scheme of the model’s social functions, decomposed into target (external and internal) and instrumental functions; the latter group is divided into relational and performative functions. Through application of the principles of functional and structural analysis, indicators are proposed for determining the level of development of a social function. A summary of the types and directions of functional transformations of modern science in the context of their social impact is presented. The article concludes that both the target and instrumental social functions of science undergo significant development in the modern knowledge society.

ХV международен конгрес по логика, методология и философия на науката

Author(s): Anton Donchev,Mila Marinova,Lilia Gurova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2016

The article offers an overview of the 15th Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, held on 3-8 August 2015 in Helsinki. It includes a brief outline of the history of these congresses, with special attention to its trends of development and comparisons between the last five of them. These trends are indicative of the changes taking place in the development of philosophy of science over the last 16 years. A special focus is put on the main topics of the congresses as well as on some of the most significant presentations. Finally, the paper provides information about the Bulgarian participation in the latest congress, which reveals a significant increase compared with the previous ones, which inspires hope that the ascending development of philosophy of science in Bulgaria will continue and its presence at international forums will become increasingly visible.

ХИНТИККА О СОКРАТИЧЕСКОЙ ЭПИСТЕМОЛОГИИ

Author(s): Vitaly Tselishchev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2015

A review of: Hintikka, Jaakko. Socratic Epistemology: Explorations of Knowledge-Seeking by Questioning. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.