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The SEND‐NP‐V‐ING‐PP construction, the transitive variant of the V‐V‐ING‐OBL pattern, also incorporates the Goal of Motion (cf. Dragan 2016b). According to Talmy (1985; 2000), the Goal of Motion is favored by speakers of Germanic languages to describe motion events, but it is not generally available in Romance, where motion is typically expressed by Path verbs and optional PPs, and Manner is omitted. Building on Talmy's claims, the article explores the compensation strategies selected to translate the SEND‐NP‐V‐ING‐PP construction from English into Romanian and relates the resulting syntactic structures to his theory of lexicalization patterns. It is shown that, at least in the translation of narratives, Talmy's lexicalization pattern for Romance is the exception rather than the rule as Manner is frequently translated to preserve the visual dynamism of the scenes.
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Review of: Frančeska Liebmann, Kulturemi u romanima Ive Andrića. Analiza njemačkih i engleskih prijevoda, Durieux, Zagreb, 2022.
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The present comparative study examines the common lexical borrowings of Greek origin in one Albanian and one Bulgarian speech in the territory of Albania. Exploring the Greek words in these two languages is of interest to Balkan linguistics.
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The present study, couched within the framework of Löbner’s Concept Types and Determination theory (CTD) and relying both on corpus data and the questionnaire method, attempts to provide some evidence for the claim that there is a growing tendency in contemporary informal spoken Czech to use the emerging definite article ten with definite associative anaphora (DAA). Just like its Western Slavic cognates, the distance-neutral demonstrative ten appears to manifest characteristics typical of definite articles across languages (cf. Ortmann, 2014; Czardybon, 2017; Dvořák, 2020). One of these characteristics is the spreading of ten to contexts situated between pragmatic and semantic definiteness on Löbner’s definiteness scale (Löbner, 1985; 2011). DAA is part of these contexts. However, as the present study shows, marked differences exist between the three sub-types of DAA as defined by Löbner with regards to their willingness to accept ten. These are, respectively, the “part-whole,” the “relational” and the “situational” sub-type. Other factors must also be taken into account, such as the speaker’s emotional involvement and competing interpretations of the occurrence of ten.
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The paper is an attempt to look at Bulgarian causative verbs in cognitive aspect – imposed by changes in the way of thinking of the speaker as their own choice to use a transitive causative verb. In reference to the degrees of transitivity, it was found that the grammatical change in transitivity ~ intransitivity among ex-reflexives is more striking in stylistic or pragmatic sense in comparison with regular transitive, derived by removal of preposition. We present the model of Nedyalkov & Silnitsky with Bulgarian examples, as well as a scale of prototypical causativity. The comparative research method is necessary because of more frequent resemblance to the English language in the scope of verbal morphology. We also offer a brief description of the motifs which give reasons for verbal tranisitivization and dereflexivization.
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The paper aims at presenting a part of the associative field of the linguocultural concept 𝑙𝑜𝑣𝑒 in the Bulgarian linguoculture. The object of the study is a specific variation of love – a mother’s love for her children. The analysed linguistic material is obtained from a psycholinguistic associative experiment with an equal number of male and female respondents. The main purpose is the associative field of the analysed feeling in the Bulgarian linguistic consciousness to be determined and also the influence of the linguistic person’s gender onto the field to be clarified. The results establish that the female linguistic consciousness is relatively more dynamic than the male consciousness in regard to the analysed concept. The Bulgarian linguistic person’s gender has not much influence on the character of the elements of the associative field of the linguocultural concept 𝑙𝑜𝑣𝑒. The linguistic person’s gender influences more their structure and their hierarchy in the field.
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The article describes the new words that appeared in the Russian language public discourse. They are connected with three political events that caused a wide public outcry: the All-Russian vote on the approval of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, protests in support of Sergei Furgal, the detained governor of the Khabarovsk Krai, and the poisoning of opposition leader Alexei Navalny. The research material was collected from online media from January 2020 to September 2021. It includes neologisms, neosemantisms, and new phrases, many of which are occasional. In the collected material there are innovations formed according to standard derivational models and words and phrases representing the product of wordplay, including lexical blends. The considered innovations, being a manifestation of democratization and carnivalization of public communication, perform not only a nominative function. Due to their novelty, unusualness, and expressiveness, they have an evaluative potential. These innovations often become a linguistic means of speech aggression. In addition, they reflect the current social and political events of concern to the society and the attitude of the linguistic community to what is happening.
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The article presents the analysis of chrononymes connected with five earlyspring Bulgarian folk festivals ( st. Tryphon's day, Bogurodzica [Mother of Christ] - Orthodox celebration of the Meeting with Christ, st. Simeon's day, st. Charalambos' day, st. Blaise of Sebaste's day). In the excerpted names, both syntactic as well as analytic structures were authenticated, and within their limits - phonetic, word-formative and lexical variants. Due to their motivation, they create three basic models the two former of which may overlap: 1) names based on name and/or nickname of a festival patron; 2) names referring to folk beliefs connected with a given festive day; 3) names referring to the ritual context - rituals undertaken during the commemoration of a festival.
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The paper presents the names of animals recorded in the contemporary sur names of Bielsk Podlaski inhabitants. The analysis showed that the most com mon as the word-formation basis of these surnames were the names of birds (Kulik, Puhacewicz) and the names of mammals (Bober, Wolczuk). The names of insects (Pszczoła, Szerszenowicz) and fish (Akuła, Brzana) are less popular. Other names appear sporadically (e.g. Smoktunowicz, Wąż). The material features surnames from Polish (Sikora, Śledź), Eastem-Slavonic (Krot, Soroka), sometimes also Lithuanian (Ancuta, Gulbinowicz) appellatives. Considering word-formation aspect the surnames which are equal to appe llative words predominate, while there are fewer surnames resulting from para digmatic or suffixic derivation. In the last group there are the most surnames with patronymic suffixes.
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For years, the theory of word formation in contemporary German has been a fixed part of the course Lexicology and Word Formation in Contemporary German at the Bachelor of German Language Studies at the Department of Germanic Studies of the Faculty of Arts, Charles University. The author describes the established practice and presents types of exercises designed to promote the development of passive vocabulary and to provide insight into the systemic relations of German word formation.
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In many of the languages featuring a present perfect, its meaning is regarded as a riddle. Bulgarian grammars maintain a severely defective thesis that the present perfect is not formed from imperfect participles, underlying another erroneous thesis, viz., that imperfect participles have no nominal (NP) use. Based on the analysis and other current research undertaken by the author, a completely novel conception of the Bulgarian present perfect is proposed. Just like grammatical phenomena such as gender and nominal determination through articles, the present perfect exercises structural functions and does not possess immanent semantics necessary for communication through natural language. The essence of the present perfect can be found not in something that it signifies but in something that it does not signify: witnessed situations. The present perfect counters the value “witnessed” expressed by the aorist and the imperfect, and its value “non-witnessed” normalizes a certain type of non-grammatical sentences.
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The modern Ukrainian collection of proper names was compiled from different namesfor a thousand years: it includes pagan and Norse onyms, borrowings from West Europeanand Turkic languages, man-made innovations, but, after all, the basis is Christiannames which are Hebrew, ancient Greek and Latin by their origin and they underwenta long process of integration and adaptation to the Ukrainian phonоlogy. However,the adaptation of these anthroponyms has not been finished yet as they are found to bein the environment of sub-dialects. The article studies proper personal names and theirvariants recorded on the interfluvial territory of the Styr and the Horyn, where thereis a boundary line between West Polissia and Middle Polissia subdialects of the northernUkrainian dialect. Since this boundary is indistinct with many transitions, thereare features of both subdialect among the proper names. The material of researchwas recorded in 178 inhabited localities of Volyn and Rivne Regions. The examplesof common nouns are given to confirm the influence of dialect speech features and itindicates the relationship between these two linguistic disciplines such as onomasticsand dialectology.
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High phonotactic probabilities are known to exert a facilitative effect on word learning in children and adults in their first language. The present study was designed to investigate the role of phonotactic probabilities when learning a foreign language. Focusing on Austrian and Korean learners of English, we investigated two hypotheses related to phonotactic frequency effects: (1) High-frequency segments have more deeply entrenched phonetic representations, with more automatized pronunciation patterns, rendering phonetic learning of homophonous segments more difficult; (2) High-frequency segments are associated with higher phonetic variability in the first language, which can facilitate phonetic learning in a foreign language. Additionally, the locus of phoneme/ bigram frequency effects was analyzed in relation to left-branching and right-branching syllable structure in German and Korean. We found that proximity to English voice-onset time is correlated with phoneme and bigram frequencies in the first language, but results varied by learner group. Sub-syllabic segmentation of the first language was also shown to be an influential factor. Our study is grounded in research on frequency effects and combines its central premise with phonetic learning in a foreign language. The results show a tight relationship between first language statistical probabilities and phonetic learning in a foreign language.
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Polievka oddávna bola a doteraz je v slovenskej kuchyni tradičným jedlom. Zaujímala v nej vždy významné miesto. Na dedinách, tie gemerské nevynímajúc, bola často jediným vareným jedlom dňa. Jedávala sa ráno na raňajky, na obed i na večeru. Nie nadarmo sa v Revúcej hovorilo, že poliauka je fundament.
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Slovo brownie/brownies pomenúvajúce druh sladkého koláča nie je v slovenčine nové, bežne sa používa v písomnom aj ústnom jazykovom prejave. Stretávame sa však s dvomi podobami na označenie jednej konkrétnosti – brownie aj brownies. Otázky týkajúce sa tohto slova sme zaznamenali aj v jazykovej poradni JÚĽŠ SAV.
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