‘All the Necessary Information is Provided by Russia’s Channels’. Russian-language Radio and TV in Latvia: Audiences and Content

Author(s): Anda Rožukalne / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2016

After the Maidan events in Kiev and the annexation of Crimea in March 2014, discussions in Latvia expanded regarding the extent to which the Russian-speaking population in Latvia, whose daily information is obtained mainly from Russia’s TV channels, can get well-balanced and objective information. Opinion polls showed that a large proportion (41%) of the non-Latvians supported the annexation of Crimea and Russia’s President Vladimir Putin’s policy (SKDS 2014a). The aim of this article is to analyse the structure of the audiovisual media in the Russian language and media usage habits of the Russianspeaking audience using secondary and primary data. And thereby assess whether diversified information is available in the Russian language to this societal group. The research results show that the Russian-speaking population in Latvia does not feel a need for additional information channels, because they believe that the variety of information obtained from Russia’s TV and radio channels is sufficient.

‘Voice’ languages with no [voice]? Some consequences of Laryngeal Relativism

Author(s): Eugeniusz Cyran / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2017

Strict criteria on phonological categoryhood coupled with strict privativity of representation inevitably lead to a conclusion that sonorants must not contain a prime responsible for voicing. Assuming that this prime is also not supplied to sonorants in the course of phonological derivation, this class of segments, contrary to observed patterns, should be inactive with respect to voicing phenomena. Presonorant sandhi voicing in Cracow-Poznań Polish is used to show how such apparent patterns can be dealt with without compromising the above theoretical assumptions. This however has consequences which bear on almost every aspect of laryngeal phonology. Some of them include: arbitrariness of the relation between phonology and phonetics, emergent nature of laryngeal categories, minimization of the role of phonological computation, re-evaluation of typical analytical criteria for deciding on phonological representation of laryngeal distinctions, which are used in phonological practice, as well as a possibility that the prime [voice], or its theoretical counterpart in various models, is not present in some ‘voice’ languages.

“A human face” of Cognitive Linguistics

Author(s): Andrzej Pawelec / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2017

In this article, I want to put forward the following argument: Cognitive Linguistics – after a long hegemony of Chomskyan formalist linguistics – has offered models of language as “motivated” by general and prior cognitive abilities; as such it has been able to provide representations of a much wider range of linguistic phenomena (both grammatical and lexical); however, the “human face” of Cognitive Linguistics is that of a generic human being rather than that of actual people: members of particular social communities in which languages develop through “figuration” and “articulation”.

“Dialektet e gjuhës shqipe” - sintezë e punës kërkimore-shkencore të Jorgji Gjinarit

Author(s): Anila Omari / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 03-04/2015

The article treats the contribution of prof. Jorgji Gjinari, one of the most prominent Albanian dialectologists in the study of Albanian dialects, focusing on his major work “The dialects of Albanian language”. After emphasizing his contribution in the descriptive study of several Albanian varieties, either from Gheg or Tosk dialect, as well as his merit in defining the division of Albanian dialects, the article focuses in the second phase of the Albanian dialectological studies, related to the need to further expand the study in two directions: on the one hand, to explain the reasons for specific dialectal phenomena and on the other hand, to achieve a greater generalization of dialect phenomena in order to highlight the common features of Albanian dialects and to bring forth the unity of the Albanian language. This is the claim that Jorgji Gjinari supports in his work “The dialects of Albanian language” published in 1989. This work was a state-of-the-art of the work carried out to date on the Albanian dialectology research not only by the author himself but also by other dialectologists. This work marked a qualitative leap in the study of Albanian dialects, because it implemented a new method in the field of synchronic studies of Albanian, the structural-functional method of the Prague School, which began to be utilized in Albania in the 70s. According to this method, in the course of the study, every dialectal phonetic feature is viewed within the language system and analyzed for their structural and functional aspects, by considering their functional value within the respective dialectal systems. The author has also applied the same structuralist method to the study of the morphological differences of Albanian dialects, which remains a pioneer work in our grammatical studies. The author has also paid attention to the diachronic study of the main dialectal features that differentiate Albanian dialects. The study focuses on some of the more important dialectal phonetic phenomena that have occurred in the history of the Albanian language, such as the opposition of nasal vowel in Gheg vs accentuated /ë/ in Tosk, the opposition of the vowel after their length, the accentuated vowels /i/ and /y/, the vowel clusters /ua/, /ye/, /ie/, the rhotacism in Tosk, the palatal consonants /q/ and /gj/, the consonant clusters /kl/ /gl/ and some other historical phonetic phenomena in consonant clusters in Albanian. The study also tackles the tricky and still unresolved issue of the origin of the division of Albanian dialects. This is one of the rare attempts in Albanian linguistics that provides an interdisciplinary view of the dialectal change associated with the history of the people.

“Formalituri te salutant!” 100 lat formalizmu rosyjskiego (1913– 2013)

Author(s): Aleksandra Berkieta / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 23/2015

This paper focuses on reconstructing the history of the so-called Russian Formalism and the avantgarde context of OPOYAZ’s inception in Petersburg in 1914. Victor Shklovsky’s lecture-manifesto titled “The resurrection of the word”, which he presented in the café “Brodyacha Sobaka” (“The Stray Dog”) in Petersburg, marked the symbolic beginning of this movement. The anniversary of the foundation of the Russian Formal School as well as the international congress commemorating this anniversary, which was organized in Moscow in 2013 (titled “The 100th Anniversary of Russian Formalism: 1913–2013”) provide a starting point for discussing the legacy and topicality of the Russian Formalism in contemporary literary studies.

“WHAT IS THIS WHICH …” IN A BILINGUAL (COPTIC AND ARABIC) MANUSCRIPT OF THE PENTATEUCH

Author(s): Ofer Livne-Kafri / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2012

he Arabic version of the Pentateuch in MS Paris BN copte 1 (14th century) was basically translated from the Bohairic Coptic version which is set in parallel columns to it. Previous articles published here earlier (Livne-Kafri 2009b; 2011a) were dedicated to a specific a phenomenon. In this article the relative interrogative clause -الذي هذا هو ما is studied in relation to the Coptic parallel ⲞⲨ ⲠⲈ ⲪⲀⲒ ⲈⲦⲀ. Although similar constructions are quite frequent in Middle-Arabic, the instances quoted here are literal translations from the Coptic. The different approaches represented by J. Blau and A. Shisha-Halevy (whose works are essential to such a study) point to a unique Relative construction.

„?/od nowej strony?/” O intertekstualnym i intersemiotycznym wymiarze Sońki Ignacego Karpowicza

Author(s): Alicja Bronder / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 16/2017

The present article is a textual‑perspective interpretation of the novel Sońka by Ignacy Karpowicz, a multiple finalist in the Nike Literary Award competition. The aforementioned literary work evokes three, seemingly mutually exclusive, text types – literarygenres and their aspects, but also various kinds of artistic expression, including drama,dramatic performance or imaging techniques referring to a different medium (film).This renders the final work which transcends the limitations imposed on literature, astonishing with its multidimensionality and polyphony of forms, and requires a holistic analysis that takes into account a wide spectrum of means of expression together with their contexts. The aforementioned artistic strategy has been employed in the most recent work of the writer – Sońka (2015). The aim of the article is therefore to indicate the textual elements which have allowed Karpowicz to achieve the effect of text hybridity, combining distinct artistic worlds in a single work. The observations refer to textology instrumentation, including the research perspective that emphasizes the problem of intertextuality.

„Dicţionarul Limbii Româneşti” de August Scriban (Etimologii, înţelesuri, exemple, citaţiuni, arhaisme, neologisme, provincialisme)

Author(s): Radu Motoc / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 3-4/2014

A dictionary is not a thing out of reach to anyone. It takes a complex education in that there must be several components such as: knowledge of the Romanian language spoken and its evolution over time and in different regions; knowledge of several dictionaries published up to that date, history, folklore, and linguistics, theoretical notions that imply a great teaching experience. Knowledge of foreign languages such as Latin, classical languages as Greek and French are absolutely required. In our case must be mentioned and a legacy of family, which was noted on three generations of intellectuals, moved by a real and honest patriotism. To understand the depth of intellectual resources that were the soul and intelectual resources of the author,we must go through several steps which include: the motivation of this remarkable works, scientific resources at which he appealed, and last, but not least, a description of family genealogy that created a genetic continuity and of an author who was born in Galati

„Saksofon to świat” – językowy obraz instrumentów w Traktacie o łuskaniu fasoli Wiesława Myśliwskiego

Author(s): Ewa Bilas-Pleszak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 16/2017

In the article, the author investigates the artistic text in order to check what linguistic shapes the music fragments which appear in it assume, and which elements of cultural images of musical instruments have been reinforced in the descriptions of the treatise.The analyses conducted within the cultural linguistic framework open up new dimensions of interpretation, and demonstrate that the fragments of the novel which have been devoted to instruments are not merely linguistic pictures, but important elements of text structure that have had a significant influence on its plot. It is noteworthy that the main protagonist of Traktat o łuskaniu fasoli (The Treatise on Shelling Beans) is intermediately characterised by the instruments that appear in his life. Every instrument he comes across determines his personal development, strengthens the feeling of existential sense, and sometimes unites him with his predecessors.

„Staroobrzędowcy za granicą III. Historia. Religia. Język. Kultura”. Sprawozdanie z międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej. Toruń 19-20.09.2016

Author(s): Angelika Pawlaczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2016

Conference report on an international scientific conference “Old Believers Abroad”, held in Toruń 19th-20th September 2016. The conference was devoted to various aspects of life of Old Believers’ communities outside Russia, as well as the problems of Old Believer emigration and general questions of Old Believerism.

„Współczesny Golem polityki”. Kreacja wizerunku w mediach masowych na przykładzie filmu Jak to się robi Marcela Łozińskiego (2006)

Author(s): Iwona Grodz / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

The article refers to the media creating the image, which is not identical with the personalbrand. The research material is a documentary film made by Marcel Łoziński Jak to się robi [How It’s Done] from 2006. It is “a provocative vision of the Polish model of democracy as well as being an ironic and at the same time terrifying portrait of Polish political stage, based on a three-year observation of an experiment conducted by the Polish political marketing adviser Piotr Tymochowicz whose objective was to prove that anyone could be elevated to the summits of power. Łoziński’s documentary shows that the rule of souls is just a couple of neat socio-technical tricks, cynicism and political effectiveness weigh more than ideas. The product of Łoziński’s brings a universal message: Demagogy and populism is not only a Polish specialty”.

„Zwierzęcy” język nowej literatury na przykładzie powieści Masakra i Nagrobek z lastryko Krzysztofa Vargi

Author(s): Beata Kiszka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 16/2017

The aim of the article is an analysis of animalistic lexis in the works of Krzysztof Varga on the basis of the novels Nagrobek z lastryko (Terazzo Tombstone) and Masakra (Massacre). Special attention has been paid to the multifunctionality of animalisms and theirconnotational potential in the language of the newest prose. The conducted analyses have demonstrated that animal vocabulary plays an important role in the literature which touches upon the problem of transience, and which presents people and the world in a distorted mirror. By means of conventionalization and deconventionalization of feral symbols, and entangling various fauna species in literary contexts, a bestiary of postmodern times comes into being.

ẊIIAONA- OR HUN RECONSIDERED

Author(s): Jamsheed K. Choksy / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2012

This article reassesses orthographic and linguistic issues relating to Iranian usages of the word Ẋiiaona in Avestan and later forms. It is suggested the word could have been picked up by the Avestan people and rendered into their language to serve as a discriminatory designation for a nearby group of enemies among the various Proto-Iranian folk.

ІМПЛІЦИТНЕ ВИРАЖЕННЯ КОНОТАЦІЇ У НІМЕЦЬКИХ ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЗМАХ НА ПОЗНАЧЕННЯ НЕВЕРБАЛЬНИХ ПРОЯВІВ ЕМОЦІЙ

Author(s): Anna Hrymaliuk / Language(s): English,Ukrainian / Issue: 3/2016

The article deals with the survey of phraseological units of nonverbal display of emotions with implicit connotation in German media language. The German phraseological units describing the non-verbal expression of emotions such as fear, shame, anger were separated and divided into two groups with inner and outward display of emotions. The implicit technique of explanation of the actual phraseological meaning was analyzed and compared with connotation. The information about implicit connotation of phraseological units was received from their content or the text use. Two groups of phraseological units were selected and different lexicographical sources and German newspaper articles analyzed.

Явлението „синонимия“ в Зографското евангелие на сравнителна основа

Author(s): Ewa Shatkowska / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/1989

Язык русского зарубежья: Общие процессы и речевые портреты. Отв. ред. Е. А. Земская. Языки славянской культуры

Author(s): Nikolaj Savickij / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2007

Review of: "Language of the Russian Abroad: General processes and speech portraits." Otv. Ed. E. A. Zemskaya. Languages of Slavic culture - Wiener Slawistischer Almanach. Moscow - Vienna 2001. 496 p., Ill. by: Nikolaj P. Savickij

Язык стихотворений русских заключённых как своеобразный социолингвистический документ тюремной действительности 80-90-ых гг. XX века

Author(s): Beata Gojlo / Language(s): Russian / Issue: IX/2007

The starting point for the considering were selected works collected by Luba Nebreniczna.The analysis involves description of the language mechanisms that appear on the way of reflectingthe inprisonment reality in the poems. There are considered functions of the poems’ language andcriminal argot importance for the culture. There are also discussed and characterized: stylistic,semantic, artistic way of expression, foreign words presence (taken from the dialects and colloquialspeech). Usage of epithets, methaphors and comparisons is pointed out; rhymes and linessystems are described.

Языки Волго-Камского языкового ареала как источник русской исторической диалектологии

Author(s): Klára Agyagási / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2008

In the article, the Chuvash dialectal word măyăx ‘furs, sack’ and the dialectal variants of the Cheremis word čerke ‘church’ are analyzed. The Chuvash word comes from an Old Novg. form [miḙx] < Old Russian /měх/ of the 14th century, the Cheremis dialectal variants are borrowings of an Old Russian north dialectal form *cerky, where the donor form represents an intermediate phase of change сыку > *cerky > cerkov'.

ЯЗЫКОВОЙ ОБРАЗ ВЛАДИМИРА ЖИРИНОВСКОГО В РУССКОЯЗЫЧНЫХ ПЕЧАТНЫХ СМИ И ИНТЕРНЕТ-ИЗДАНИЯХ

Author(s): Paulina Sikora-Krizhevska / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 159/2017

The target of this study is presenting the language image of Vladimir Zhirinovsky in Russian-language press and in electronic publications, as well as examining the language means, which are used to create such image. The author analyses the fragments of commentaries, taking into consideration linguistic and stylistic means used for describing Vladimir Zhirinovsky, his activities and his role, played by the politician in the society in the contemporary Russia. The percentage comparison of the language means used in the collected materials, enables the author to conclude, which aspect of the Vladimir Zhirinovsky’s image draws the attention of media the most. The emerging homogeneity of Vladimir Zhirinovsky’s image, during the analysis of press releases, forces the author to reflect on the degree of the image conformity of him as a politician with his authentic personality.

Языковой союз – языковая семья в лингвистической интерпретации

Author(s): Emiliya Agafonovna Balalykina / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2016

The paper is dedicated to the problem of determination of the essence of language union and language family in modern linguistics, which is considered important, because these terms are often used as absolute synonyms. The research is relevant due to the need to distinguish the features of languages that are inherited during their functioning within either language union or language family when these languages are compared. The research has been carried out in order to present the historical background of the problem and to justify the need for differentiation of language facts that allow relating languages to particular language union or language family. In order to fulfill the goal of this work, descriptive, comparative, and historical methods have been used. A range of examples has been provided to prove that some languages, mainly Slavonic and Baltic languages, form a language family rather than a language union, because a whole number of features in their systems are the heritage of their common Indo-European past. Firstly, it is necessary to take into account changes having either common or different nature in the system of particular languages; secondly, one must have a precise idea of what features in the phonetic and morphological systems of compared languages allow to relate them to language union or language family; thirdly, it must be determined whether the changes in compared languages are regular or of any other type.