„Długie ogony kobiecych sukien” – językowe wyznaczniki opisu wizytowych sukien kobiecych w "Kronikach tygodniowych" Bolesława Prusa

Author(s): Paulina Grabowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2018

The article contains an analysis of the ways of describing women’s formal dress trains on the basis of the sixteen quotations excerpted from the first three volumes of ‘Weekly Chronicles’ by Bolesław Prus. The purpose of the research is to determine the language description indicators of the so called ‘women’s trains’ and to discover the reasons why the author so often mentioned them in his Chronicles in the years 1874–1878. At that time according to traditional customs ladies were obliged to wear sweeping dresses, even while strolling. Both the Polish Language Dictionary of S.B. Linde and the Warsaw dictionary state that the metaphorical usage of the noun ogon [‘tail’] in the meaning of ‘women’s train’ had been known in the Polish language of the 19th century. The quotations are divided according to how they have been marked: ironically, sneeringly, positively or neutrally. Negative emotions have turned out to be the dominant ones and they are expressed in the form of harsh and exaggerated criticism. Bolesław Prus used many language means in order to portray the problem that he was absorbed by: metaphors, similes, epithets, animalisation, enumeration, rhetorical questions, and apostrophes. The writer wanted to highlight how impractical women’s trains were and what negative impact they had on the conditions in the Warsaw Saxon Garden (Ogród Saski), where they contributed to the deterioration of air pollution. As a columnist Prus portrayed the problem in a humorous way using numerous stylistic means, which have been presented with examples.

„Dusze przemierzają wieki, jak chmury przemierzają niebo” — Tożsamość sieciowa w filmie „Atlas chmur”

Author(s): Sonia Front / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2018

In 21st-century science fiction narratives, the figure of the cyborg has been replaced by a new group of liminal characters: avatars, clones, sentient AI, genetically modified humans and time-displaced individuals. Through these characters, the narratives explore philosophical questions about the unity of personal identity. One of the films that investigate this question is Tom Tykwer’s and Lilly and Lana Wachowski’s film „Cloud Atlas” (2012), as it proposes the notion of network identity, divorced from time. Network identity – in the form of transmigration of souls – is enacted in the film by the concept of eternal recurrence which is the film’s overriding framework. This identity is what connects the six juggled stories, spanning through various historical eras from the nineteenth century to the distant future. The paper analyses the film’s concept of twenty-first century subjectivity, singular and manifold, separated and connected simultaneously, and how it taps into the theme of global interconnectedness and co-temporality brought about by the media and globalization.

„Dym” Marii Konopnickiej jako dziewiętnastowieczny trop „vanitas”

Author(s): Beata K. Obsulewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2011

An attempt is offered at a reading of one of the best-known short stories by Maria Konopnicka in the context of vanitative topoi. The imaging in "Dym" is rooted in the biblical tradition, ancient culture and artistic tradition (e.g. substantial transitoriness of existence, theatrum mundi, life as a dream, etc.), which in Konopnicka’s oeuvre is masterly twined, in terms of literary technique, in a sophistically simple plot. Through the proposed analysis of this imaging, a need is indicated to reflect upon the reception of the vanitas notion in the output of authors of the latter half of 19th century.

„Dziady. Część III” Adama Mickiewicza. Z warsztatu dydaktyka literatury

Author(s): Ewa Jaskółowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The aim of the article is to show how current didactics of teaching Polish literature can help to stir up curiosity of high school students in nineteenth century literature. The author argues that the pre-reading activities are crucial for discussing difficult literature of Polish Romanticism. Whether students decide to read III part of Forefathers’ Eve (Dziady. Część III) by Adam Mickiewicz and whether they recognize in this drama some important problems of contemporary youth and the modern world also depends on them. The article presents two different pre-reading strategies, which have been planned to prepare students for reading and discussing III part of Forefathers’ Eve (Dziady. Część III). The first strategy can be called “sociological approach.” Working in groups students have to provide features characterizing different social groups nowadays. The aim of this task is to make students aware of fact that people they meet on a daily basis are diverse, and represent various beliefs and behaviors which can be judged or discussed.

„Dziady” w reżyserii Kazimierza Dejmka – próba demitologizacji

Author(s): Natalia Popłonikowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The author of the article attempts to recreate the famous staging of "Dziady" directed by Kazimierz Dejmek, in order to demystify the spectacle. The performance is analyzed in terms of art, taking into account the political situation (March 1968). In order to establish the facts, the author uses an assistant’s scenario, the memories of the witnesses of the release of "Dziady" and fragments of the performance. Reconstruction of the staging allows to conclude that the staging was artistically valuable, but it is the political situation at the time that played the most important role in popularizing this interpretation of the drama.

„Dzieł jego i odwag rycerskich […] długo by wyliczać” – wizerunek żołnierza w polskich drukowanych oracjach pogrzebowych XVII wieku

Author(s): Urszula Kicińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

War and military subjects are a very broad issue and an object of scholarly reserach in many fields. Particularly interesting themes concerning soldiers’ everyday routines, the national and social make‑up of armies, duties of commanders, military drill and the trainingof warriors can be analyzed based on the Sejm acts on the army and hetman codes, worksand treatises written by higher‑rank commanders and politicians, dairies, memoirs, acts ofnomination and conferment and kings’ instructions.On the other hand, the extraordinarily interesting material to study the mentality, personalityand the ideal of a soldier in the modern era is provided by paraenetic sources, which comprise funeral orations, wills and testaments, epitaphs, funeral recollections, lamentations, laments and funeral eulogies. Among the above mentioned, funeral sermons deserve particular attention. They frequently overidealized the virtues of a perfect soldier, regarding birth, nobility, military values, deep patriotism, religiosity, involvement in political and sociallife, charity, devotion to family and a good death.

„Dzisiaj ma głos towarzysz Mauzer”. Rewolucyjna strategia literacka Majakowskiego

Author(s): Xawery Stańczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2013

The Russian futurist poet Vladimir Mayakovsky was criticised not only by conservative or moderate critics and writers, but also by Bolshevik ideologists and activists. While moderate authors criticised Mayakovsky’s engagement in the communist movement and worried about the waste of his genius, the left-wing writers refused him the place among proletarians due to his improper social background. The article shows the similarities between these two strands of criticism and analyses why communist party was so hostile to the avant-garde revolutionary poetry. The aim of this text was to investigate why engaged literature is regarded as insincere, unnatural and inappropriate, and to analyse the relations between the poet’s words and their specific performative power, the revolutionary abuse and the utopian vision of new world.

„Egoistyczne analizy to moja ulubiona praca”. Rękopisy Broni Baum, czyli kiedy wiersz staje się egodokumentem

Author(s): Joanna Lisek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

This article is the result of research on the literary legacy of Bronia (Breyndl) Baum (1896–1947). An orthodox woman-writer, activist, and publicist, Baum was born into a Hasidic family in Tomaszow Mazowiecki, Poland, where she lived until 1918. She then moved to Piotrkow Trybunalski, later to Lodz, and then, in 1925, she emigrated to Eretz Isroel. Baum’s poems and articles in Yiddish appeared in Der Yud, Dos Yidishe Togblat, Beys Jakov, and in Hebrew in Bat Israel and Baderekh. Baum was active in supporting religious feminism, education for girls, and charitable works. The research presented in this article strives to demonstrate the manner in which Baum’s poetry can be treated as an egodocument when interpreted within the context of her diary. The psychological portrait of the author and her reading of historical events found in the pages of her diary take on a fuller and much more complicated character when they are supplemented by her poetic writings. The poems that deal with pogroms, eroticism, and spiritual reflections provide an important dimension to research on the historical mentality and identity of a generation of young orthodox Jewish women coming of age during the First World War.

„Egymás ágára gyöngyös lenni”

A dialógus modelljei Palocsay Zsigmond és Szilágyi Domokos Fagyöngy című kötetében

Author(s): Orsolya András / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 03/2016

„Ein Haus schwankt aus dem Nebelrauch“. Die Darstellung des Ersten Weltkriegs im Werk von Arthur Silbergleit

Author(s): Nina Nowara-Matusik / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2015

The Upper Silesian author Arthur Silbergleit is less known than his compatriot, Horst Bienek, who immortalized Silbergleit in his Gleiwitzer Tetralogie. Silbergleit was a prolific poet: apart from his prose, he wrote about 600 poems. His work is influenced by his descent and his personal experience oft the First World War. The following thesis is an attempt at interpretation of the war discourse in his works written during or after the war: in the poetry collections Flandern (1916) and Balalaika (1918), in the story Der Fremde and in the collection of lyrical miniatures Das Füllhorn Gottes. Pastele (1919). My analysis shows, that Silbergleit employs Christian and mythological motifs; his intention is to universalize the experience of the war and to depict it as a complex metaphor.

„Elevenünkbe vág ez a múltba merülés”

A társadalomleírás esztétikuma: Gilberto Freyre, a szociográfus

Author(s): Éva Bánki / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2014

Gilberto Freyre is one of the most impressive Brazilian social scientists. His main work, The Masters and the Slaves (Casa-Grande and Senzala), was considered even in the days of its publication a literary book and a scientific product at the same time. In the 1930s Gilberto Freyre’s innovations were regarded simply as a literary caprice, but since then a lot of them have been taken over by historical scholarship. The author of this article mainly deals with the peculiarities of Freyre’s work which seem to be unique by this very day – with his creation of metaphors and the narrative structures. Certain questions cannot be answered even if we employ the methods of literary scholarship. Namely, how to regard and evaluate the very self established in this work. Is this self a real scientist? Can we take him to be simply an actor? Or is he really a lyrical self? The questions which the author is chiefly interested in concern the special contradictions of the work, otherwise do not disturb the reception process of The Masters and the Slaves at all. How could these contradictions contribute to the unsurpassed popularity of the work? How could they shape the ego-ideal of Brazil in the twentieth century? And how could they contribute to the spread of the idea of ‘racial democracy’ all over the world?

„Eloquentia sacra”, czyli retoryka w służbie kaznodziejstwa (analiza rękopiśmiennego kompendium retorycznego anonimowego autora reformackiego z XVIII wieku)

Author(s): Magdalena Kuran / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2014

The article refers 18th manuscript compendium of rhetoric. Author was a member of the Order of the Reformati. He probably was a lector (i. e. teacher of rhetoric in the monastic college). The manuscript is the proof of the outstanding knowledge of the rhetorical theory. This lecture was intended for future preachers. The whole is subordinated this aim. The material is divided into three parts: „De partibus concionis” (concerns „invention”), „De proprietatibus concionis” (concerns „eloqutio”) and „De speciebus concionis” (describes the types of sermons: doctrinal, ethical, dogmatic, panegyrical and funeral).

„Energeia” i „enargeia” w Gofredzie abo Jeruzalem wyzwolonej Torquata Tassa w przekładzie Piotra Kochanowskiego — wybrane przykłady zastosowania

Author(s): Paulina Poterała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The article is devoted to the usage of categories of ‘enargeia’ and ‘energeia’ in the poem “Jerusalem Delivered” by Torquato Tasso in translation of Piotr Kochanowski, which was shown on selected examples. The article was divided into two parts. The first one deals with an approaching theory based on previous findings of energeia and enargeia made by researchers, whereas the other one shows an analysis of how the rhetoric categories function in sections of the poem. Kochanowski skilfully made use of rhetoric figures adjusting them to the purposes which he wanted to achieve, that is readers’ inclusion into the visualisation process by means of “internal eyesight”. Most of procedures applied by the author decide both of demonstration and “vividness” of the descriptions. Among others, nature, human appearance, battle scenes and elements taken from marvel poetics are subject to visualisation. Thanks to the application of demonstration and “vividness” of descriptions, the text gained moral, aesthetic, sexual and affective values and became probable for readers.

„Es ist eine grosse Seligkeit – so allein – so ganz und gar allein mit seinen Träumen zu sein“ – Paul Scheerbart und seine geistige Flucht in den Orient

Author(s): Karolina Matuszewska / Language(s): German Issue: 26/2017

The article was dedicated to presentations of the Orient in three selected works by Paul Scheerbart: The death of the Barmakids. Arab Harem novel (1897), Tarub. Baghdad‘s famous female cook. Arab culture novel (1897) and Jests about power. Arab novellas (1904). As the author has never visited the Middle East, he draws from several sources, which he then transforms as he wishes. Passion, longing for higher values, brutality, revenge and fighting for the power ending with bloodbaths intertwine with the fairytale sceneries and legendary beings, to distract the recipient from the thought that the old Baghdad is Berlin, the year 897 – 1897 and Ascha’s problems could be the problems of Scheerbart. Power of poets, world and rebels – the essence of Scheerbart’s Orient is expressed in these words.

„Exilul în exil” – o traumă unificatoare Mădălina-Violeta Dîrmină, Vintila Horia - exilatul din exil, București, Editura „Eikon”, 2016

Author(s): Vasile Spiridon / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 35/2016

„Ez a nem-érdekel-mi-van-körülöttem, ez a nem-szenvedés, ez a nem-érzés”

Author(s): Annamária Codău / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 06/2017

„Fantoma din moară” de Doina Ruști – discurs identitar și manifest estetic

Author(s): Georgeta Pompilia Costianu (Chifu) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2018

This study is a contribution to the social-cultural interpretation of Doina Rusti’s work from the perspective of the discourse (fictional first) about the construction of identity, investigating the social role of the individual, his deduction. We can observe, after reading the novel, „The Phantom of the Mill”, that the events of the childhood and youth of the author, subtly presented here, under the diaphanous veil of imagination, get various avatars in subsequent fiction works. In the case of Doina Rusti’s work, we find that identity is related to social and cultural institutions, but also to individual strategies in self – assertion. One of the ways used the author and requiring increased affection from the lecturer is the mask game based on figures invoked in the sinuous route of identity construction. We also notice that the most important aspects of the author’s life can also be derived from her fictional works which are a reflection of her inner world. Her creation thus becomes a real adventure for the reader who is eager to know it, and this writing is nothing but a miraculous journey through the world of self. We can say that through her work, Doina Rusti brings into the forefront the unfrozen narrative and the free play of imagination, but she also succeeds in introducing the reader into a true labyrinth of identity.

„Francis Bacon czyli Diego Velázquez na fotelu dentystycznym” – malarskie i inne cytaty jako „dodatek” do rozpraszającego się życia

Author(s): Arent van Nieukerken / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2014

The mature poetry of Tadeusz Różewicz seems to be at odds with both modernist and postmodern literary tenets. It undeniably makes abundant use of intertextuality (including self-quotations), but in spite of this [post]modernist tendency it does resist self-referential impersonality. Różewicz again immerses allusions to images, texts and other artifacts – which, according to formalist and structuralist interpretations, should disengage themselves from an artist’s biography in order to achieve aesthetic autonomy – in the current of life, devoid of an innate sense and always identical to itself. In fact, life cannot be apprehended by art, and precisely, Różewicz tries to thematize this impossibility by producing texts or rather poetical acts that could be classified as self-effacing artifacts. He even succeeded in discrediting the modernist epiphany (which has a double status, i.e. as a poetical device and a window on the transcendent) by replacing it with loquacious anticlimaxes. The fragmentary, disintegrating form of his later poetry (the long poem “Francis Bacon or Diego Velázquez in a dentist’s chair” is a perfect – or rather consciously imperfect – implementation of this form) does not pretend to be a representation of a human being’s disintegrating existence. This poetry is, above all, an existential act, or – in other words – a performance, and not a self-sufficient work of art.

„Futro jest puste. C’est fini”. Barbara Radziwiłłówna z Jaworzna-Szczakowej Michała Witkowskiego jako literatura „końca literatury”

Author(s): Paweł Wiktor Ryś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2014

The text attempts to read Barbara Radziwiłłówna z Jaworzna-Szczakowej by Michał Witkowski in the context of the post-modern conviction on the exhaustion of creative capabilities of literature. To this effect, it references both theories contributing to the paradigm of postmodernism, including Francis Lyotard’s “collapse of grand narratives”, and concepts directly referencing the literary output, such as “the literature of exhaustion”, “banalism” or “spoiled literature”. The article examines how these decadent tendencies have affected the construction of individual segments of the novel; beginning from sentences, through plot and the protagonist, to the message of the work. A key aspect seems to be (in accordance with John Barth’s postulate) an attempt to “feed” on what is considered to be “burnt-out”. Witkowski deliberately emphasizes elements considered to be the most worn out. He carries ultimate forms to the extreme. By creating their negatives (e.g. a negative of plot, sentence, message), the author manages to get – at least partially – outside the thematized exhaustion.

„Füttyögve tercelünk neki”

Nyelv-, hang- és képrétegek a Fagyöngy című kötetben

Author(s): Zsófia Molnár / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 03/2016