РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЈA ХРАНЕ У "ЗБОРНИЦИМА ЗАКОНА И УРЕДАБА ЗА КНЕЖЕВИНУ СРБИЈУ" ИЗ ПЕТЕ ДЕЦЕНИЈЕ 19. ВЕКА

Author(s): Jelena M. Pavlović Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 73/2020

In this paper, we have analyzed specific linguistic and cultural representations of food within the codes of law, regulations and legal acts of the Principality of Serbia from the years 1840, 1845 and 1847. We employed historical discourse analysis, historical sociolinguistics, and general cultural studies of food as a base framework for our research. We have established that food has a marginalized status within the observed documents. We can differentiate between basic food consisting of bread and side dishes (food served for specific categories of citizens, such as soldiers, prisoners, and the ill) and luxurious food. The status of luxurious food is manifested by the presence of lexemes of foreign origin within the list of groceries. We can highlight three types of food discourse: (a) economic discourse; (b) discourse of the state act- ing as a protector of its people; (c) medical discourse. The main motivational factor to engage in talk about food is the economic interest and in those situations one can encounter food in a public place (such as customs, quarantine, farmer’s market). A discourse which governs other types of discourses is the discourse of the state acting as a protector. The state protects its food sources, especially focusing on the protection of the poor. Famine is not addressed directly, but implications of hunger can be discerned from some legal acts. The medical discourse is most prominent in the regulations concerning quarantine and border meetings, where the Fishler’s omnivore’s paradox and incorporation principle dominates the quarantine organization. The state is metaphorically perceived as a body, and the quarantine is a customs official whose job is to check whether a certain food item carries contagious diseases.

Категориални и некатегориални значения на рода, числото и падеа при личните местоимения (руско-български паралели)

Author(s): Encho Tilev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

The object of this study are the categories gender, number and case of personal pronouns in Russian and Bulgarian. It is well known that the two languages have a common genealogy, which determines the presence of many similarities in their grammatical structures. While the verb as part of speech, for example, has significant differences, Russian and Bulgarian personal pronouns function in a similar way. The categorial and non-categorial meanings are considered entirely in the theory of functional grammar of A. V. Bondarko, and in Bulgarian linguistics Ivan Kutsarov was the first to work in this scientific paradigm. In the present study, which is part of a comprehensive study of categoriality and non-categoriality in the language, the emphasis is put on the manifestations of non-categoriality, but for this purpose, part of the categorial meanings is also presented. The main approach is comparative.

Нови същински и несъщински фразеологични изрази в българския медиен дискурс

Author(s): Teodora Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

The prerequisites for spontaneous or premedited phraseological word formation are both cultural and geopolitical, ethnopsychological, socio-economic, contextual and others. Some neophraseologies acquire public usage and multiply, others freeze in the field of the occasional word formation. The main criteria for the excerpt of the phrases in the research are: the chronological one – real (full) and non-real (non-full) phraseologies are analyzed, isolated from media texts during the last 7 years; the semantic one – the semantic motivation is established, which is a result of borrowing, tracing, modification of an element of the phrase or rehabilitation of archaic word combinations; structural – mono-, bi- and polyelement forms; the thematic one – where sustainable units with different conceptual and stylistic affiliation are analyzed. The aim of the study is to differentiate the new real phraseology according to the derivational methods and ways of their emergence through metaphorization, metonymization, irony, hyperbole, substitution, etc. Each of the phrases is analyzed comprehensively according to the specified parameters.

Еффективные средства и методы онлайн-обучения русскому языку как иностранному: по материалам анкетирования преподавателей

Author(s): Leonid Moskovkin,Olga Anciferova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2021

This paper presents data on effective tools and methods of online learning obtained during a survey of 72 teachers of Russian as a foreign language working in various universities in St. Petersburg. The questionnaire, which included 7 open and closed questions, was created taking into account the features of the online lesson: reliance on cloud platforms for video conferencing, the dominant nature of visual perception of information, the need to constantly maintain the attention of students, and the lack of direct contact between the teacher and students. During the survey, it was found that the effectiveness of online teaching Russian as a foreign language, according to teachers, depends on the technical capabilities of cloud platforms for video conferencing, the use of both traditional textbooks in PDF format, and electronic textbooks as well as teachers' own training materials. Also it depends on the use of slide presentations, additional audio and video materials of both educational and non-educational nature, electronic simulators, sites containing game tasks, innovative methods and techniques of teaching

Нагласи на обучаваните към използването на технологии в езиковото обучение

Author(s): Georgi Dzhumayov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

Abstract. The current study aims to examine attitudes towards the use of technologies in learning a (foreign) language. The study also aims to find out how much time students spend online, what the purposes are for their using The World Wide Web and whether they believe that computer and mobile technologies can help them learn a foreign language.

Кафе и кафенета в градските пространства на Европа, Ориента и България

Author(s): Tzveta Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

The text tells about the urban phenomenon and the traditions of coffee and cafe in Europe and Bulgaria - one of the many borrowings of Europe from the Orient. The cafe is one of the characteristic components of the city and European civilization. In the second half of the 18th century, the real rise of these establishments began, which is explained by its multifaceted functions.

Peace Linguistics: лингводидактический аспект

Author(s): Valeriy Efremov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2021

Based on the concepts of such linguists and linguodidactists as D. Crystal, G. de Matos, A. Curtis, P. Friedrich and others, the work provides a brief historical excursion and analyzes the reasons for the emergence, subject and aims of the new direction in linguistics - peace linguistics as an independent area of humanitarian research (Peace Studies). The specificity of the use and the rich potential of the ideas of Peace Linguistics is demonstrated in the linguodidactic aspect. It is shown that the analysis of lexicographic sources can be carried out not only from the traditional point of view by representing linguocultural knowledge in them, but also from the point of view of the intrinsic concepts of chaos and order, conflict and harmony, war and peace.

Egyptian Facebook satire:

Author(s): Yomna Elsayed / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The Arab Spring offered Egyptians a brief opportunity for political freedom of expression; it also offered many creative youths a chance to experiment with their newfound digital talents. However, this was soon followed by a state crackdown on public forms of dissent; subsequently, creative expression had to find other platforms and modalities to continue its practices of playful dissent. Through Mikhail Bakhtin’s (1984) theory of Carnivalesque, this paper examines how Egyptian youths managed to create alternate spaces, other than the highly scrutinised political square, to challenge officialdom and generate their own folk culture through laughter and creative digital arts. This research is based on interviews conducted with administrators and fans of Facebook pages that offer satirical content in the form of memes and remix videos. Fans of these pages mostly belong to the 1980s and 1990s generations, but they also include younger adults whose formative years were those of the Arab Spring. This study argues that, like Bakhtin’s carnival, laughter and everyday comedy was a means by which creative artists could continue to express their opinions and indirect dissent amid intensifying state surveillance. These spaces, therefore, constituted third spaces away from polarised politics, where fans could playfully discuss the comedy away from the heat of events. They were spaces where youths could exercise control over the objects of laughter and challenge established institutions. Like the carnival, youths exercised Carnival practices of both reversal and renewal to craft a new folk culture of their own that did not have to abide by the rules of patronising politics.

Spontaneous humour and Malaysia’s democratic breakthrough in 2018

Author(s): Shanon Shah / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The 2018 Malaysian general election was the first democratic change of government in the nation’s modern history. The victory of the Pakatan Harapan (Alliance of Hope – PH) coalition surprised several observers within and outside the country, especially considering the intensified repression employed by the outgoing Barisan Nasional (National Front – BN) ruling coalition leading up to the polls, including media censorship, the silencing of political opponents, and the manipulation of Islamism and ethnic Malay nationalism. This article examines the role of spontaneous, conversational humour in constructing a viable political identity for the PH. It does this by considering humorous moments during press conferences and similar media events held by the PH coalition, led by its designated choice for prime minister, Mahathir Mohamad. This article aims to contribute to the scholarship on the role of humour in identity construction and political campaigning.

Book review

Author(s): Andreea Nicoleta Soare / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Book review

Author(s): Vasia Tsami,Vasiliki Saloustrou / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Challenges in Promoting an Inclusive Educational Environment for British Children: Issues of Race, Ethnicity and Social Class

Author(s): Tú Anh Hà,Andrea Roxana Bellot / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2021

This paper reviews different factors affecting an inclusive educational environment for British children, including race, ethnicity, and social class. Research has shown that different ethnicities and races affect children’s national identification – to be British is perceived as less relevant than being English, Scottish, Welsh, or Northern Irish. In addition, children’s association of positive attributes, such as food, school clothes, or extra classes, with people from high-ranking social class also divides classroom environments in the UK. In this context, children coming from lower ranking social status can be vulnerable. This reality requires educational solutions to promote intercultural competence that would foster respect, embrace differences and cultural diversity, and create an inclusive educational environment for British school children.

Прозодични характеристики на изречения с комуникативно маркиран и комуникативно немаркиран словоред

Author(s): Bistra Andreeva,Snezhina Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

The paper presents the results from a study of the interaction between intonation and information structure in SVO and OVS sentences with communicatively (un)marked alignment of information structure elements. We analyzed the prosodic features of pre-nuclear and nuclear pitch accents. The information structure elements were characterized using Steedman’s (2000) model which classifies sentence constituents as belonging to one of the following categories: theme-background, theme-focus, rheme-background and rheme-focus. Our study found that unmarked and marked alignment has no effect on the pitch range of the rheme-focus. In cases of communicatively unmarked alignment, the pitch range of the theme-background (and rheme-background) group in OVS sentences is wider than in SVO sentences. Word order has no effect on the duration of the accented syllable. Topicalized constituents belonging to the theme-background in OVS sentences with unmarked alignment form separate intermediate phrases. In cases of marked alignment, the rheme-focus ends with a phrase accent and sometimes a pause. The rheme-background and rheme-focus always take a pitch accent, whereas the theme-background is marked by a pitch accent only in cases of communicatively unmarked alignment. The theme-background is deaccented when the sentence is communicatively marked.

Лексикален израз на антонимни отношения в българските диалекти

Author(s): Vladislav Milanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

The article is devoted to the enormous topic of dialect variety on lexical level. The object of the analysis is the lexical expression of antonymous relations in the word pairs sick – healthy. The presentation of semantic and word forming models in the two words shows different motivational signs which are the basis for their formation in the Bulgarian speech. Different realizations of the two adjectives in the Bulgarian dialects are reviewed on the basis of rich illustrative material. The vocabulary article is enclosed in the end of the study. It certifies the realization of the meanings in the different Bulgarian dialects.

Интернационализм «аванс» в русском и болгарском языках: сопоставительный анализ

Author(s): Olga Barabash,Antonia Pencheva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2021

The article examines the functioning of the international word "аванс", formed from the French "avance" in the Russian and Bulgarian languages. By comparing the existing semantic capacity of the concept of "аванс" in the Russian, Bulgarian and French languages, the article reveals the nationally specific components of the meanings of these lexical units. The correlation of the secondary meanings recorded in the Slavic languages in question with the accompanying set of lexical and semantic variants of the original French word is established. The authors come to the conclusion that the translation of the international word “аванс” from Russian into Bulgarian in certain contexts requires the method of concretization, while the reverse translation requires the method of generalization.

Decoding Colour Words in English Maritime and Naval Terminology

Author(s): Galina Velikova / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

The present paper attempts to investigate colour words and phrases which give a special flavour to Maritime and Naval Terminology in English. It is based on a list of the most common words and phrases excerpted from specialized dictionaries and strives to systematize them using the lexico-semantic method. Bearing in mind their particular status in language it is found that colour words abound with figurative meanings and give rise to both metonymy and metaphor. The findings in this study can be applicable when teaching English maritime and naval terminology.

К вопросу о содержании функциональной грамотности

Author(s): Natalya Jadko,Mariam Moiseevna Bezrukikh / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2021

he article considers the structure of functional literacy from the standpoint of activity, system and competence approaches as a condition for its formation and assessment of formation. Competencies are considered as units of speech activity. Soft skills and hard skills differ. The author's model of the structure of functional literacy as a speech activity is proposed, the product and subject of which is the text.

За някои методически принципи в специализираното чуждоезиково обучение за професията

Author(s): Silviya Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

The article discusses the necessity to apply specific methodological principles in FLT for professional purposes due to the increasing interest of learners towards such training. The focus is on the essence of the concept of specialized economic language and on the method of Task-Based Approach. The necessary strategies for its application are also mentioned. The development of the skill for active linguistic performance is promoted mainly by the implementation of minimally structured training situations (authenticity). The constructivist principle of creating polymodular conditions, including the personal experience of the learner so as to stimulate the solution of the given problem are mentioned. For this purpose the specialized content and its peculiarities together with its exact location in the vertical stratification of specialized language are emphasized. The process of working with specialized text and one of the descriptors of CEFR are discussed. When working, the principles of subject-specific aspects are taken into consideration, placing the importance on the quality of teaching materials instead of their quantity, and prioritizing the sistematicity and the orientation of the content over the form.

Публичната реч като лингвистично предизвикателство пред преводача и чуждоезиковото обучение

Author(s): Vladislav Milanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

The current article examines Bulgarian public political speech as a challenge for the professional translators and as a series of political messages addressed to young people who study at higher educational institutions in Bulgaria. The article analyses the perception of clichéd constructions as well as the models of speech aggression which are widely practiced in different discussion formats such as election campaign debates, parliamentary control, public debates on TV where important public issues are discussed. The observations on the presidential election campaign in 2021 are also presented as well as the perception of the political messages by the nominees. The main conclusion from the scientific study shows that both Bulgarians and foreigners face problems with the grammatically correct sentence constructions behind which there is a minimum of information. The study also confirms the hypothesis that foreign students in Bulgaria recognize a number of common features between the political speech in our country and in their home countries. The clichés and the speech aggression are present in the global political speech as a component which defines the models of public speech and Bulgaria is no exception from that. A similar conclusion can be made about the interconnection between political and journalistic speech where the following common speech features can be recognized: inability to listen to the interlocutor; politicians slide over journalistic questions; the “self” overexposure, etc.

Какво е курорт?

Author(s): Ilya Zlatanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

The article examines the evolvement of the Bulgarian word kurort in historical terms. The first part discusses the practices of using the healing power of nature from ancient times to the present day. Special attention is paid to balneology in Bulgaria as evidenced by numerous settlements named Banya, lit. ‘bath’. Next, an analysis is made of the word kurort and its dissimilarity from the corresponding English and French terms. The emergence of the concept of Kurort in the German language is associated with the general development of medicine from the XIV century onwards, when the medical terminology changed.