Ponovno o »istočnohercegovačkoj štokavštini« i kroatističkim stranputicama
U 2. i 3. br. prošlogodišnjega Jezika objavljen je moj članak »Zablude o istočnohercegovačkim govorima kao dijalekatnoj osnovici hrvatskoga književnoga jezika«.
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U 2. i 3. br. prošlogodišnjega Jezika objavljen je moj članak »Zablude o istočnohercegovačkim govorima kao dijalekatnoj osnovici hrvatskoga književnoga jezika«.
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For reasons of its topicality and the good solutions offered, we are reprinting the "Treatise on Standard Croatian" by Petar Guberina, published in 1940 in his book, co-authored by Kruno Krstic. Differences Between Standard Croatian and Serbian. Using F. de Saussure’s structuralist and Ch. Bally's stylistic methods, the author argues the autonomy of Standard Croatian. He emphasizes that, in evaluating standard-language phenomena, the various levels should be respected approaching the phenomena from synchronic, standard-language and stylistic viewpoints. Diachrony, dialectology and any other standard language, however close, must be disregarded. Since language practice can use the units from various systems, the author underlines the importance of the stylistic values of such phenomena. Frequently, a stylistic system does not produce identical stylistic values, which makes the stylistic level exceptionally important, a fact often neglected thus far.
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Prije više od tri desetljeća u Jeziku je objavljen kratak članak Alije Nametka "Naovamo" (prosinac 1964., str. 58.). Prva je rečenica bila oštra: "Među suvišnim i nepotrebnim riječima koje su se uvukle u naš jezik, pa i književni, spada i sasvim nepotrebna riječ 'naovamo'."
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U Jeziku 2 za ovu školsku godinu objavljen je moj članak Neprihvatljiva naglasnonormativna pravila i članak suautora Ive Škarića, Đurđe Škavić i Gordane Varošanec-Škarić pod naslovom O naglašavanju posuđenica - još jednom, nakon Vukušića.
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Nakon kratkog polemiziranja ishod se, što se hrvatskog jezika tiče, nije ni mogao poželjeti povoljnijim.
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Comparing J. Stulli's entries in Rječosložje with the words which V. S. Karadźić enumerates in his preface of his translation of the New Testament as an example of vocabulary he took from Church Slavonic, he modified to Serbian or of vocabulary he invented himself, shows that the words he names, have already been used in the Croatian literary language. That means that Karadźić 's specification of the source of his words does not correspond with the facts. This should be understood as a hint that Karadźić 's work, on the lexicographical level, too, was not a break with but a continuation of the tradition of the Croatian Stokavian literary language.
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This paper discusses the Polish expression <jednym> słowem (in a word) and its lexical variants. The author offers arguments in favour of the hypothesis that one of these variants may be, despite all formal differences, the expression krótko mówiąc (in short). The analysed unit represents particles and, as such, belongs to the class of metatext operators. The main purpose of this study is to show that there is a conversion relationship between the expression <jednym> słowem and the word mianowicie (namely), which are conclusively described by Bogusławski (2004). The claim is supported by examples many of which correspond to the ones presented in the abovementioned work by Bogusławski.
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This paper is dedicated to the analysis of semantic properties of three Polish verbs: okłamywać się, że [p] (to lie to oneself that [p]), oszukiwać się, że [p] (to deceive oneself that [p]) and wmówić//wmawiać sobie, że [p] (to convince oneself that [p]). The author presents arguments in favour of the thesis that these are separate lexical units, which cannot be reduced to appropriate addressative verbs. In their semantic structure, she distinguishes, apart from the agent (epistemic subject), also the position of the controller-sender (metasender), and uses a conceptual distinction between quotative speech (present in the structure of the examined units) and assertoric speech in her analysis. By clashing the properties of Polish exponents of ‘samooszustwo’ (self-deception) and two competing types of philosophical interpretation of the phenomenon, the author supports anti-reductionist approaches, which do not identify self-deception with a lie or deception. She emphasises that none of the lexical exponents referring to this phenomenon implies ‘oszustwo’ (a deception) or ‘kłamstwo’ (a lie). None implies such a characteristic of the agent as is a sine qua non condition for the occurrence of any of the two situations either. From the perspective of language, ‘samooszustwo’ (self-deception) is not deception. It is a kind of an irrational action that is inconsistent with the agent’s knowledge.
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In this paper, the author analyses the Polish nouns czyn (an act) and wyczyn (a feat). She aims to find semantic differences between these units. The author quotes selected dictionary definitions, analyses examples from NKJP (National Corpus of Polish); in her discussions, she refers to both philosophical theories (by H. Arendt, Cz.S. Bartnik, R. Ingarden, K. Wojtyła), and linguistic diagnoses (by A. Bogusławski, M. Danielewiczowa, I. Duraj-Nowosielska, A. Wierzbicka). The author concludes that, despite the guidance provided in some lexicographic studies, the lexeme wyczyn cannot be defined with the phrase ‘wyjątkowy czyn’ (an exceptional act).
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Review of: Anna Jaworska - Piotr Siemiątkowski, Grammatyka Ięzyka Polskiego dla Szkół wyższych, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich we Wrocławiu, sygn. 513/III. LICZBA STRON: 380.3 JĘZYK: polski.
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W dniach 24–26 lutego 2020 roku w Uniwersytecie Szczecińskim odbyła się konferencja naukowa ICOMP – International Conference on Multilingual Practice (w tłumaczeniu polskim: Międzynarodowa Konferencja nt. Praktyk Wielojęzyczności). Konferencję zorganizował zespół językoznawców reprezentujący Instytut Językoznawstwa Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego pod kierownictwem dr hab. Hanny Pułaczewskiej, prof. Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Poza Hanną Pułaczewską w skład komitetu organizacyjnego konferencji wchodzili dr hab. Agnieszka Stępkowska, prof. US, dr Małgorzata Sokół i dr Witosław Awedyk.
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The word emancypacja (emancipation) in Polish is a 14th-century borrowing from Latin. It was used to refer to the process of gaining freedom and independence by various people and social groups, in particular peasants, Jews and women in the Poland of that time. The lexeme is recorded and accurately described in dictionaries, which also point to a special position of emancipation of women among emancipation processes: it concerned the largest number of people and assumed the form of a decades-long and complex process. The quotations collected in the Files of Słownik języka polskiego (Dictionary of Polish) edited by W. Doroszewski prove the power and diversity of emancipation movements and permit the reconstruction of the controversies behind emancipation of women. Nowadays, the words from this nest can be seen mainly in books and are often used in historical contexts. The current problems related to the question of women’s status are referred to with words from the feminism nest, some of which are similar to and others different from emancipation.
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Contemporary native Polish speakers experience difficulties with the choice of one of the two possible forms of the dative case of the 1st person singular pronoun (mnie or mi). Based on prosodic and morphological characteristics, two variants, called enclitic and orthotonic, are usually distinguished in the inflection of personal pronouns. This paper presents the pragmatic conditions underlying the use of orthotonic and enclitic forms of personal pronouns as part of the Meta-Informative Centering Theory (MIC). These conditions refer, among others, to phrases pointing to the speaker’s attention and directing the listener’s attention. Then, on the basis of Polish language history and the comparative grammar of Slavic languages, a hypothesis is put forward in order to explain how the alteration of the grammatical norm came about. In the last decades, the form mi has been used more and more ambiguously (either as enclitic or orthotonic) just as is the case with the 1st person singular genitive-accusative form mnie. The cause of this situation is probably the disappearance of the enclitic form mię. Hence, a new paradigm of the inflection of the 1st person singular pronoun is emerging with only one dative form mi. This new paradigm is thus comparable to that of the 1st person plural pronoun where there has only ever existed one dative form nam.
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W Słowniku języka polskiego [1807–1814] Samuela Bogumiła Lindego znajdujemy zarejestrowaną następującą rodzinę wyrazów: EUROPA, EUROPEJCZYK, EUROPEJKA, EUROPIANKA, EUROPEJSKI, EUROPSKI, EUROPIŃSKI, a przy interesującym nas wyrazie Europejczyk / europejczyk zostały umieszczone następujące cytaty, ilustrujące jego znaczenie: „Strzeżmy się Europejczykowie wytworności dzikiej i srogości obyczajnej”; „Wszystko w Europejczykach zdawało się nowem dla Azyanów”, oba zaczerpnięte z czasopiśmiennictwa oświeceniowego – „Zabaw Przyjemnych i Pożytecznych” oraz „Nowego Pamiętnika Warszawskiego”.
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Hrvatski jezik poseban je slavenski jezik kad se gleda i s lingvističkoga i sociolingvističkoga gledišta, a jednako tako i s ostalih kao što je kulturno, povijesno i političko.
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Hrvatski jezik pripada južnoslavenskoj podskupini slavenskih jezika.
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In late 19th century, the Vukovci (followers of Vuk Karadžić) attempted to redirect Standard Croatian in conformity with the views of Serbian linguist Vuk S. Karadžić. In this they were successful to a certain extent, that is in the areas of natural inclination of Standard Croatian and these of a still present vacillation In its main body, however, Standard Croatian stayed within its separate course. In the view of many. the reason for these attempts by the Croatian Vukovci had their roots in politics T he author demonstrates that a major reason were also the scientific views of the time, with the prevalence of Neogrammarian School and the priority it gave to the spoken language and dialectal speech over the written standard.
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Review of: Alina Kępińska - Maxymilian Jakubowicz, Grammatyka języka polskiego przez Maxymiliana Jakubowicza ułożona, Nakładem Fr. Moritza, w Drukarni przy ulicy Świętojańskiej pod N. 431 [na karcie skrót Sto-Jańskiey]. MIEJSCE WYDANIA: Wilno. ROK WYDANIA: 1823. FORMAT: 40 (18 cm). LICZBA STRON: [t. 1.]1. XXXVI, 336, nlb. 14, T. 2. 190, nlb. 5. JĘZYK: polski.
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Konferencja językowa „Różnice pokoleniowe w języku ogólnym i w gwarach” zorganizowana przez Towarzystwo Kultury Języka, Fundację Języka Polskiego oraz Instytut Języka Polskiego Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego odbyła się w dniach 1–2 sierpnia 2018 r. w Sokółce. Była wydarzeniem towarzyszącym warsztatom dialektologicznym „Dialog pokoleń”, tradycyjnie odbywającym się w północno-wschodniej Polsce, w tym roku już po raz piąty. Celem warsztatów jest ocalenie od zapomnienia gwary i kultury ludowej.
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Book-Review: ZALUTALO NAGLAŠAVANJE, Jozo Marević, Hrvatsko-latinski rječnik, Zagreb, 1994. (Stjepan Vukušić)
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