Dijalektologija crnogorskoga jezika objavljena kod Lexington Booksa
Review of: NOVICA VUJOVIĆ - Adnan Čirgić, Dijalektologija crnogorskoga jezika, FCJK, Fakultet za crnogoski jezik i književnost, 2017. ISBN: 9940579942, 9789940579944
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Review of: NOVICA VUJOVIĆ - Adnan Čirgić, Dijalektologija crnogorskoga jezika, FCJK, Fakultet za crnogoski jezik i književnost, 2017. ISBN: 9940579942, 9789940579944
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U radu su opisane realizacije dugouzlaznog akcenta tipične za 12 govornica poreklom iz Beograda, Novog Sada i različitih delova istočnohercegovačkog dijalekta (BG, NS i IH grupa). Glavni zadatak istraživanja bio je da utvrdimo da li između realizacija akcenta u ovim grupama postoje razlike, odnosno, da li se odabrani akustički parametri u primerima iz ovih triju grupa statistički značajno razlikuju. Analizirano je 235 primera 14 dvosložnih i 7 trosložnih reči s dugouzlaznim akcentom. Podaci su poređeni s onima dobijenim prilikom ranijih ispitivanja ovih govora. Istraživanje je pokazalo da se kod govornica čiji smo govor ispitivali javljaju dva tipa fonetskih realizacija dugouzlaznog akcenta. Kada su u pitanju posmatrani parametri tona i intenziteta, između BG i IH grupe nema statistički značajnih razlika, dok takve razlike postoje između NS i BG, kao i između NS i IH grupe.
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На основу лексичког значења лексеме дрво и њених деривата утврђују се појмовни домени којима посматране јединице припадају с обзиром на њихове значењске реализације. Будући да је лексема дрво вишезначна, њено семантичко-деривационо гнездо је развијено и обухвата више од две стотине деривата с потврдом у РМС и РСАНУ. Компоненцијалном анализом утврђене су компоненте значења из примарне реализације мотивног појма које су у функцији индуктора даљих деривата. Анализа показује да су деривати различитог степена, различите творбене структуре, а да се на основу значења уклапају у девет појмовних домена са већим бројем лексема и у пет појмовних домена са по једним представником.
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У раду који следи испитује се концептуализација земље као компоненте човековог природног окружења с циљем да се резултати анализе укључе у шире истраживање које је усмерено на опис слике природе у српском језику. Полазећи од идеје да су лексичка средства најпоузданији показатељи слике света, у раду је анализирана семантичка структура лексеме земља и семантика фразеологизама у чијем се саставу она налази (нпр. разликовати се као небо и земља, пијан као мајка земља, пупак земље итд.). Резултати анализе показују доминацију домена просторности у свести говорника, али и елементе религијског мишљења, који су нарочито уткани у семантику фразеологизама.
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The language itself reflects folk culture whose variety is shown in following the customs and traditions of our ancestors. Experience of people has surived for centuries in the verbal art, in the traditional assembled words which are called phraseologisms. This paper analyses phraseological units and offers a floor for the definition of the weather sayings with regard to the calendar ceremonial folklore so that in the education of the primary pupils` verbal art could be interconnected to corresponding phrasemes.
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The article focuses on the issue of the aspect of the two present paradigms of the verb biti ‘to be’ in the Croatian language. Standard Croatian lexicography and grammars, such as Daničić (1880–1882: lemma bȉti), Silić and Pranjković (2005: 88), explain the difference between the two present forms of this verb as one of verbal aspect (the present form jesam is considered imperfective, and budem perfective), while some grammars do not treat their aspect at all. Th e exceptions are Glasovi i oblici hrvatskoga književnog jezika (Babić et al. 1991: 688, 719), and the Serbo–Croatian grammar written in English by Brown and Alt (2004: 54), where budem is, accurately, described as a bi–aspectual form. Linguistic scholarship, however, addressed the aspect of budem several times (cf. Ivić 1955). Basing their conclusions on their exploration of the Croatian digital corpora – which had shown that budem can be used both in the contexts characteristic of perfective verbs and in some of those characteristic of imperfective verbs – the authors propose that the present form budem should be considered bi–aspectual. In accordance with this, they consider the traditional terms imperfective present and perfective present as inappropriate for these forms of biti and rather propose terms based on formal characteristics, whose accuracy cannot be questioned – the athematic present (jesam) and the thematic present (budem).
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In this paper, I study the essence of philology from the perspective of the study of linguistic variation and change in old texts by examining: What is philology? What are philological research methods? What makes a study philological – does it suffice that it focuses on an old text? Has philology been defined more based on the research subjects than based on the methods? I will showcase the status of philology and its significance as a research trend that combines several disciplines. This paper focuses on the traditions of Finnish philology, but it also offers some insight into the essence of philology from a general perspective of the study of languages as the background. The goal is to offer an idea of what the philological research approach has to offer modern research of old texts. Furthermore, I will present a method that I have developed and its benefits in the study of variation and change of old texts. I will also present an analysis of the Finnish noun varve ‘pasture’, which Mikael Agricola used in the first handbook for mass in Finnish. I consider philology to be a sub-discipline of linguistics. It studies and compares old texts with text-critical methods based on their cultural and historical background.
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Estonian transitive verbs are traditionally divided into partitive, aspect, and perfective verbs. While the classic definitions state that partitive verbs are to express imperfective aspect and to be applied with partitive objects only, and perfective verbs to appear with total objects in genitive or nominative cases, both verb types may allow differentional object case alternation (DOM) under certain circumstances. Object case alternation could be seen as regular (or distinguishing aspect) and non-regular (e.g., differentiating meanings of a verb, depending on context, object features, ‘neutral’ aspect, or the structure of a fixed expression). All these cases are analysed in the article based on the Estonian National Corpus 2017 materials.
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Suomen ja viron kontrastiivinen tai kieliopillinen vertailu alkoi virallisesti vuonna 1982. Hankkeen alkuvaiheista on kertonut seikkaperäisesti alusta lähtien mukana ollut Hannu Remes Lähivertailuissa 25 vuonna 2015. Olin itsekin silloin alkuvuosina mukana, ja palaan muistoissani sitä edeltävään aikaan. Minut oli nimitetty Tampereen yliopiston suomen kielen professoriksi 1976. Valma Yli-Vakkuri oli silloin siellä suomen kielen lehtorina. Ehdotin 1970–80-lukujen taitteessa hänelle, että aloittaisimme suomen ja viron kielten kontrastiivisen vertailun yhdessä kaikkien muiden Suomen yliopistojen suomen kielen laitosten ja Viron Kielen ja Kirjallisuuden Instituutin sekä Tarton yliopiston viron kielen ja suomalaisugrilaisten kielten oppituolien kanssa.
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Employing a questionnaire, we investigate how well the advanced learners of Finnish recognize different zero-person constructions and what kind of zero-person constructions the L2 speakers of Finnish find the most plausible. While doing so, we also experiment with different exercise types and explore how they could benefit the L2 research. The zero person often receives less attention than the passive voice in the L2 textbooks of Finnish, which may be due to the difficulty of approaching it because of the lack of specific structural features. In the L2 teaching of Finnish, this has led to the emphasizing of certain types of zero-person constructions, such as those containing a modal verb. However, since the zero person (and the zero subject) is a very frequent phenomenon in both everyday speech and in more formal language use, recognizing it and its contexts of use is essential also for the learner language. Our questionnaire makes use of a corpus study of spoken language data. Our results suggest that the interpretation of zero-person constructions is often difficult for the L2 learners of Finnish and that the interpretation is primarily affected by verb semantics and not by the other constituents nor their order in the clause.
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Language communication is more based on routine language use than it has been assumed so far. Collocations can serve as examples of constantly repeated phrases. On the one hand the co-occurrence of some word combinations is determined by extralingual reality but on the other hand collocations are typical and conventional for a given language phenomena belonging to the language norm. The current paper discusses the most essential criteria of collocations in reference to the German and Polish languages.
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In this paper I examine the syntactic strategies of omitting the finite verbs in various constructions across the Germanic languages. I explore cases in which the verbs are formally not marked and the so-called covert predication is established. The study will have two aims: Firstly, I try to group individual types of the structures with the covert predication in two typologically distinct language areas: in (Old-High-)German and Gothic as Germanic languages, on the one hand, and Polish as a Slavic language, on the other hand. Secondly, I will investigate the syntactic properties and the semantic components of the non-finite/covert structures.
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At present, lingual-visual structures are ubiquitous in printed, audio-visual and digital texts. Language and images are in mass media communication a subject of hot debate and discussion, especially in the German and British linguistics. This paper aims to recapitulate the approaches and perspectives in the linguistic sub-disciplines which study intensively the lingual-visual communication (image linguistics, text and media linguistics and stylistics). The outline focuses on German linguistics research, however the Polish investigations are also presented.
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This paper deals with the syntactical complexity of spontaneous spoken language. Being perceived as less complex than written language, spoken language is often associated with simple syntactic structures. In 1899 BEHAGHEL was the first to put forward this hypothesis by referring to the basic differences in writing and speaking processes. With regard to syntactic structure, he assumed that hypotaxis is avoided in spoken language. Other linguists like CHAFE (1982) or KOCH / OESTERREICHER (1985, 1990) agreed with this assumption. Based on a corpus which contains 20 transcripts of radio conversations, the author will show that empirically this assumption is flawed because the use of hypotaxis in spoken German is not as rare as expected. Even hierarchical structures with ‘higher’ degrees of subordination emerge. The analysis will illustrate the percentage of hypotaxis in interactions and its different functions. Afterwards, the results of the investigation are compared to those of LESKA (1965).
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The article offers an overview of the future tense constructions – formed with the possessive verb имѣти and volitive verbs хотѣти and щѫ, from which the analytical forms for the future tense in modern Bulgarian literary language develop. The focus is on the Middle Bulgarian and early Modern Bulgarian period when the volitive model displaces the possessive one. The analysis is based on quantitative data from texts dated between the 14th and 17th centuries, that are part of publicly available free corpora.
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The Proto-Indo-European reconstructions give us the opportunity to observe mostly the formal and lexical side of the ancestor language, revealing only the main functional-semantic features of its system. In the past more than 120 years since the first edition of Brugmann’s and Delbrück’s “Grundriß der vergleichenden Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen“, a major work in the field of historical linguistics, the researchers reach a consensus on various morphosintactic issues by way of comparisons and typological contrasts. Thе present study attempts to fit in this context, examining the systemic links between lexical aspect, the Perfect and the emergence of voice. For this purpose, the aspect and voice features of all ancient IE languages are examined and their development is monitored in view of the registered changes in the perfect subsystem. The conclusions of the diachronic analysis are related to the possible change in the linguistic type of the IE diathesis (from ergative to nominative) and lead to the formulation of some structural relationships in the IE diathesis. Finally, a diathesis and voice typology in IE languages is proposed on the basis of semantic features such as resultative and stative.
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Review of: Lyudmila Popovich - Норман Б.Ю. Прагматический потенциал русской лексики и грамматики. Екатеринбург - Москва: Кабинетный ученый, 2017. 464 С.
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Review of: Sugai Kenta - Ruselina Nicolova, Bulgarian Grammar (Translated from Bulgarian by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Christo Stamenov) (Berlin: Frank & Timme GmbH, Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur, 2017), 714 pp.
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