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The global social change sets complicated problems for contemporary Bulgarian people, their moral and psychological endurance. Systematic analysis on the social stressors, which are connected with every-day tension of the people, is proposed in this research (914 subjects). These stressors are political, economical, professional, communicative, interpersonal tensions and so on. The most spread phenomenon appears to be so-called „fear from violence”, which is formed in the moral and political sphere of the social psychic. The expectations of professional difficulties, of unemployment are ones of the strong stressors. The force of this kind of tension is related specifically to social-demographic characteristics of the subjects. The aggressive behavior investigated here as possible behavioral style in stressful situations appears to be in opposite interrelations with the stressors and these facts are in contradiction with some researches in this field. At the same time the stress and aggression are related positively on the basis of concrete attitudes of the respondents. So, we can accept that specific political moods provocate aggressive actions, regardless of the presence of the fear from violence, of hostility, which is attributed to the social situation.
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The article presents a study of the levels of perceived stress and strategies for coping with it during the first lockdown on the spread of COVID-19 infection in Bulgaria. The survey was conducted through a survey using online questionnaires through social media software - KwikSurveys. The periods of conducting the two waves of research during the first lockdown are March 22-28, 2020 (N=695) and April 25 - May 2, 2020 (N=456). These results fit into the paradigm outlined by Lazarus. The methods used include the Constructive Thinking Inventory (Epstein, 1998, Bulgarian adaptation Karastoyanov, 2018) and the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck, Mermelstein, 1983, Bulgarian adaptation Karastoyanov, Hristova, 2000). The data from the study on the negative correlation between constructive thinking and perceived stress show that the constructive thinking questionnaire can be a good predictor of the level of stress experienced during a crisis. More frequent use of emotional and behavioral coping as the two most important components of constructive thinking, expressing the ability to deal with the inner world of feelings and the outside world of events, and less frequent use of components of destructive thinking (e.g. personal superstitious thinking) are associated with experiencing lower levels of stress.
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В статье проведен анализ патогенных факторов, влияющих на снижениеуровня стрессоустойчивости у студентов. В исследовании приняли участие 60студентов специальности морского и речного транспорта: 30 человек – студен-ты младших курсов (1-2 курсы, до прохождения плавпрактики); 30 человек – сту-денты старших курсов (3-4 курсы, после длительной – свыше 3 мес. плавпракти-ки). Проведенное исследование свидетельствует о наличии ряда особенностейнарушений адаптации у студентов высших учебных заведений специальностейморского и речного транспорта. На основе исследования проведен анализ факто-ров снижения уровня стрессоустойчивости у студентов специальности морско-го и речного транспорта в связи с пребыванием в условиях длительного (свыше 3мес.) рейса. Изучено изменение характеристик самочувствия активности и на-строения у студентов, прошедших программу психокоррекционной помощи.
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In a world in which the internet not only dictates the dynamics of everyday life but also leads people into new, previously impossible experiences, we can now see a significant change in the way we consume entertainment on our screens. Streaming services are fast becoming a meaningful part of our social interactions. They can alter us, not just our consumer habits, but through popular programming, our perceptions too. As part of my broader area of study on online dating, which in itself is another phenomenon of the digital era, I was interested in examining possible connections, influences and further interpretations. What image of love do we get through media? How do dating looks like on screen nowadays? Through analyzing some dating shows on Netflix, I have attempted to contour a portrait of a modern-day search for love.
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This paper, using descriptive analytic method, considers possible structure of pupil's and teacher's activity in project based model in Science teaching. Leaning on Meyer's structural model of methodic action, author suggests structuring project activities in four stages: preparation stage, procedural stage, process stage, and reflective stage. Accordingly, function of each stage is explained, with special emphasis on the search - a three stage cycle in which pupils explore materials, ideas, or situations thus encouraging them to work on projects and formulate driving questions, research problems, which are basis for further activity. In conclusion, it is ascertained that the given structure of activities should help pupils in adopting and understanding research procedures, and teachers in perfecting ability of planning, organizing, and conducting a project.
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Interpol is the largest international police organization in which 186 countries are members. Established in 1923, it promotes cross-border police cooperation and supports and supports all organizations, authorities and services whose mission is to prevent or combat international crime. Interpol seeks to promote international police cooperation even when diplomatic relations are not available between certain countries. Actions are taken within the limits of the laws of the different countries and in the spirit of the Declaration of Human Rights. Interpol's Basic Law prohibits any interference or action of political, military, religious or racist nature.
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The main task of the article consists in the research and generalization of the main approaches to the structuring of intellectual capital.In the article are grouped present approaches to the structuring of intellectual capital, identified its main components, proposed the author’s definition of human, organization and consumer capitals, described the interrelation of structural elements of intellectual capital and suggested the itemized structure of intellectual capital, which was elaborated by the author.We can divide all present approaches to the structuring of intellectual capital on three groups. The first group consists of scientists, who think, that intellectual capital consists of human, organization and consumer capitals, the second group of scientists simplifies the structure and mark out only human and organization capitals, and the representatives of the third group propose the extended structure of intellectual capital.
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The “Bedechka caseˮ is a manifestation of a systemic problem as a result of the changes related to the political transformation in Bulgaria after 1989, creating preconditions for the emergence of irregularities related to the regulation of processes and presents a conflict topic in the context of coexistence in the city. The park as an urban topos is a socially constructed space, which is the result of an agreement between the citizens and the government. The aim of the research is to present its genesis and to study the possibilities for solving the case.
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This article attempts to analyze P. Vezhinov’s literary work in the context of the possible binary interpretation of its narrative: realistic and fantastical. It researches the ways the raw material of the story is transformed into the plot such as external composition, focalization, the structure of the characters, and the organization of the modal-temporal aspect. It pays special attention to the peculiarities of the novella’s literary space. Both protagonists are characterized as characters of the open space. The space of the male protagonist appears flat, while the female hero maneuvers in a volumetric space. Manev's movements across the flat horizontal space are chaotic in their nature – they represent the erratic wavering of a man who lost list way and has only found purpose once Antonia Dorothea appeared in his life. The article proves that the rite de passage, which acts as the plot framework in this literary piece, doesn’t culminate in the protagonist’s achievement of a “new identity” within the novella. The study concludes that the “realistic” motivation behind the events of the novella doesn't contradict the “metaphorical” one: in both cases, this is a story about "rejection" – about the possible spiritual transformation of the protagonist that was never materialized.
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According to Triarchic model proposed by Patrick et al. (2009), psychopathy encompasses three phenotypic constructs: disinhibition, boldness, and meanness. The Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM, Patrick, 2010) was approbated in Bulgarian adolescent sample (N=592). Factor structure, reliability, and construct validity with Short Dark Triad (Jones & Paulhus, 2014) were examined. Data obtained for internal consistency, correlation, and regression analyses confirm instrument’s psychometric qualities.
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Family studies are of utmost significance as it represents established ethnic norms and values. The current article presents some of the results from the completed social study which is part of “The Synchronization of the Bulgarian National Values with Those of the European Union: Accomplishments and Setbacks“ project. The project deals with research of Bulgarian Muslims in the country. The economic and ethno-cultural factors contribute the most to the formation and evolution of the set of values of each individual while the influence of the environmental ones cannot be ignored either. The analysis allows us to conclude that Bulgarian Muslims, when compared to the rest of the ethnic and religious communities, seem to retain their traditional patriarchal values the most which is evident in both pre-marital and marital relations. Proof of this is the high esteem of marriage which manifests itself in the Islamic religion beliefs, the well maintained traditional legal environment, the social and economic status of both men and women as family units which preserves their traditional roles and upholds their high degree of traditionalism and conservatism. Territorial delimitation, the specific characteristics of their employment, and the strong influence of the Muslim religion and ethno-cultural traditions support these processes. All these processes contribute to the high appreciation of reproductive values and norms as evidenced by the favorable values of key indicators for natural reproduction. The modernization process is relatively slow due to the differences in demographic trends among different ethnic and religious communities in which higher birth rate remains. The analysis leads us to conclude that Bulgarian Muslims are emerging as the most conservative group in the country.
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The article considers pedagogical speech as an activity and a tool for the work of a teacher/teacher/business coach (hereinafter referred to as a teacher) to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of classes in an electronic environment. From the standpoint of the methodology of speech as an activity of A. A. Leontiev, the structure of pedagogical speaking in the form of verbal, written, non-verbal components is proposed, as well as its capabilities as a tool for solving pedagogical tasks in the lesson in an electronic environment.
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Today in the sociological discipline, there is an impressive collection of empirical data and conceptual approaches to the study of civil society as a complex and ambiguous phenomenon, including a set of empirical indicators for assessing its development, strength, and sustainability. However, the authors believe that this impressive collection of theoretical models and empirical findings still does not explain a specific phenomenon, which is very important for the Russian society - various formats of civil activism that are not always permanent or widespread, and, thus, ignored by the researchers. The article provides a model for conceptualization and empirical study of civil activism that aims to fill this gap and was tested in the online survey. The questionnaire of the online survey provides the criteria for structuring the Internet community according to the involvement in civil activity, and allows identifying its key motives and barriers. The results of the online survey, in particular, present seven types of Internet users according to different formats of civil activism: super-activists, volunteers, online activists, members of public organizations, passive observers, only voting in the elections, and outsiders.
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Generalization of theoretical approaches and substantiation of the provisions concerning the definition of the structure and components of the social capital in society is the aim of the study. Theoretical approaches concerning the establishment of the entity and the nature of social capital in society has been improved. Pithy characterization approaches (resource, network-communication, institutional, functional) to the definition of the structure and components of the social capital is given and generalized. The need for integration of selected approaches that are a reflection of certain aspects of the existence and development of the social phenomenon of social capital is proven. Sources of formation of the set and the nature of relationships between components of the social capital of society were defined. Functions of the institutional design of the components of the social capital were defined. Social capital is the foundation of integration acts of unity and relationship processes in their productive joint activities of the members of society, identifies opportunities to improve the efficiency of management.
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For the system of the press in Macedonia it can be concluded that in has а coпtinuos development, that the chaпges апd problems in the society have led to strengthening and decline of some of its components, bot the temporary staпdstills, oscillations, disproportion etc have not questioned the existence апd developiпg live of the system. Apait from the evideпt achievements, the development of the press in Macedonia also notifies various failures. Actually, the appearance of certain printed media апd their fast decline are, among the rest, а result of the iпsufficient research of the cornmunication market, of the iпsufficient knowledge of the informative and other needs, of the habits and expectations of the readers audieпce. But it сап be expected that with the strengthening of the market orientation of the newspapers апd with their separation from the state budget, the up-to-date practice will change ѕо that the commencement and annulment of newspapers will be а result of solid research and consideration.
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The changes in the population distribution by households in Bulgaria, represented as a decreasing mean size of the household as a result of the modification in the marital behaviour of the population, the women's and young people's emancipation, the increasing number and proportion of one-person households of aged persons, etc., are analysed. A specific analytical method is applied for the study of various factors' contribution — age, sex, marital status, ethnic group, etc., published recently by Thomas Burch (in Bongaarts and al., Family demography. Methods and their Applications. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990). The results, as well as the research on the methodology, are new in the Bulgarian demographic and statistical literature.
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This paper will search to offer a model of the whole-integrated personality with encompassing the structure, the areas and the internal specifications and connections in the personality universum. For this purpose we will follow and derive the basic conceptual models which exist and generalize what personality is in our comprehension. This also will be a phenomenological reconstructing of fundamental types of projections in personality constituting – we will derive the initial approaches to the world of I-instance in Descartes and Kant, but basically we will define the process personality in Hegel as the result of process-ending of the pure thought system. We will also draw for consideration Heidegger’s model in analyzing the personality as an event, as a phenomenon of the live and actual human presence in the world. Thou the essential goal is reconstructing the three-instance psychoanalytical model which will be considered in unexpected configuration by drawing together of S. Freud’s and A. Maslow’s personality depth-structuring. The hypothesis raised up here is: Maslow’s pyramid of basic needs, in its hierarchy reflects a general structuring of the levels of the personality universum, with this the areas of integrity, continuity and I-projecting of whole personality will be formed.
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