Author(s): Galina Pavlivna Klimova / Language(s): Ukrainian
/ Issue: 4/2018
The article analyzes the essence of an innovative society and the conditions for its formation. Varieties of innovative systems that exist at the macro, meso, micro, and local levels are considered. The content of the main theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding the essence of the national innovation system is discussed. The peculiarities of the national innovation system are analyzed. Consider the conditions of its origin and development. The role of the state in its formation is analyzed.Problem setting. One of the global characteristics of our time is the approval of innovative development as the dominant mode of social renewal, the formation of an innovative society that is not just open to innovation. It constantly generates innovations of various types and levels. Its functioning depends entirely on the speed of the introduction of new knowledge into all spheres of public life. Such a society is characterized by the growing dynamics of complex social transformations due to the intensity of development and widespread social progress. It deals with the continuous practical implementation of new ideas, inventions in the form of innovative products of labor or technologies for their creation, methods of organization and management of production to improve all qualitative and quantitative economic and other social indicators at both micro and macro levels.Recent research and publications analysis. In the scientific literature, the problems of the formation of the national innovation system are widely discussed. They are at the center of attention of well-known scholars (S. Glazyev, E. Bistritsky, I. Koval, S. Krylov, M. Mikhalchenko, L. Musina, A. Popovich, S. Prolyev, M. Rogoz, O. Starovoit, and others.). Paper objective - to provide theoretical and methodological analysis of the essence of the national innovation system, to consider the conditions of its origin and development, to analyze the role of the state in its formation.Paper main body. The formation of an innovative society is a long and complicated process, supported by the following factors: 1. consistent and long-term innovation policy of the state, with well-defined goals and objectives;2. rational use of existing innovative potential as a foundation for implementing innovation policy and the formation of an innovative society;3. strengthening cooperation between research, education and production sectors;4. targeted support of the most important areas of research and development;5. commercialization of innovations;6. attraction of foreign investments of transnational corporations;7. continuous study and implementation of best international experience in the innovative development of the economy of society as a whole As the experience of industrialized countries shows, the formation of an innovative society starts with the formation of a national innovation system geared towards obtaining and using new scientific knowledge, promoting the development of advanced technologies, research and development, and improving the quality of human capital. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) defines an innovation system as a set of private and public sector institutions that individually and in collaboration provides the development and dissemination of new technologies Innovative systems are diverse. Summarizing the points of view in the scientific literature, one should highlight the innovative systems that exist at the macro, meso, micro, and local levels. At the macro level, we are talking about the global innovation system, international and transnational systems that are its components, as well as the national innovation system (NIS). On the meso-regional highlight regional innovation systems, at the micro-level - industry (cluster) innovation systems, and at the local level - the innovation system of a particular enterprise.National innovation systems of individual countries differ significantly from one another, which is manifested in the choice of priorities and objectives of innovation development, mechanisms of interaction between the private and public sectors, the importance of large and small businesses, the ratio of fundamental and applied research and development, the dynamics of development and the sectoral structure of innovation activity. Accordingly, in the world practice, several basic models of national innovation systems are distinguished: the European-American, Japanese, South-East Asian and alternative innovation system.As the world experience shows, the main role of the state in the formation of national innovation systems is to stimulate the activity of the entrepreneurial sector in the development of innovative products and the financing of innovation activities.Conclusions of the research. The most important direction of stimulation of innovative processes abroad is to provide tax privileges to scientific organizations, as well as enterprises and investors. This allows the state to stimulate innovation activity in priority sectors, to influence not only the structure and number of scientific organizations, but also the structure of production.
More...
