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The article explores the connection between the object of the crime and its social danger. A conclusion is made, that the provision of Art. 10 of the Criminal Code practically contains a definition of the object of the crime. Its concept is analyzed in historical perspective with the recommendation that it is defined as a legally protected interest, rather than as “social relations”.
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This article explores the contemporary experience of providing credit and financial resources for rural tourism development in the Kaluga region. The possibilities and the procedure of state support, as well as the potential of the cooperative credit consumer are presented.
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In most Western European countries, the legal norms governing insult and slander have become a kind of legal anachronism, reminiscent of earlier theories and forms of government, now rarely applied but still valid. Used primarily to restrict freedom of expression and of the press.
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The paper traces two versions of the “ordinary” as it functions within radical social critique and within pragmatistically reinterpreted critique, both of them suspending the privileged status of theorizing, though the former not yet abandoning it. Radical critique refers to the ordinary in the sense of the undefi ned, attributeless, unarticulated suffering. Thus the ordinary turns out to be equivalent to the fi gure of desire that should remain erotically unarticulated if it is to be the authentic source of resistance not twisted by power relations. Pragmatist social critique on the other hand, diagnoses the blindness of radical critique to the critical activities of the ordinary itself but runs the risk to uncritically reaffi rm its claims. Why this is untenable is briefl y demonstrated by reference to what I call “nationalism as usual” playing the part of a “critical moment” in present day Bulgarian society. The paper draws upon Stanley Cavell and Luc Boltanski.
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This work is focused on customs and rituals associated with pregnancy and childbirth of inhabitants of 16 villages in Kubrat area. Using the published materials and ethnograpfical materials collected during field work (2007 – 2013) the author reveals in a comparative terms birth customs of various ethnic and confessional groups – Bulgarians, Turks ( Alevi and Sunni ) and Roma ( Christians and Muslims ) . The author compare the rituals connected to infertility , pregnancy, birth and 40 – day postpartum period .
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The research is inspired by the internationally ongoing discussions on the treatment of printed and electronic books in regards to the value added tax (VAT). Almost all countries in the European Union apply reduced VAT rates on printed books, but the supply of electronic books is still considered „electronically supplied service“ and cannot benefit from reduced rates according to the VAT Directive from 2006. The change of these rules turned to be a complicated process. The VAT treatment of electronic books has become a subject of high significance for the EU institutions, the international publishers’ organizations, and the book publishing companies. The study presents all major initiatives, projects and resolutions at EU level concerning the VAT treatment of the electronic books in the period 2006 – 2017. Specific cases of local legislative actions are also examined. The descriptive part of the paper is based on official documents of the EU institutions, dedicated researches, international organizations reports, and media publications. The analytical part reveals the connection between the juridical, economic and sociocultural aspects of the subject. The adduced facts and arguments lead to the conclusion that the VAT legislation concerning the electronic books has become irrelevant to the technological innovations in the modern publishing. The study formulates the forecast for upcoming finalization of the VAT reform by establishing equal tax treatment of the print and electronic books in the EU legislation.
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1. The main areas of application of knowledge can be determined by the following opposites: material-ideal, perceptions-ideas. These four conditions can be changed and arranged in the following order: material - perceived - presented - ideal. Based on these four basic concepts, a scheme has been developed that gives the possibility for the visualization of the use of knowledge and some conclusions. 2. In order to accomplish this order, the development of communications concepts is monitored.3. A new communication scheme for the transfer of knowledge has been developed. This scheme has been developed with respect to the objects used in the production and transfer of knowledge. This is indicated in a next new scheme. Conclusion: Objects from the four areas are used notwithstanding for which field knowledge is intended.
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Knowledge is used and built in four main areas defined by the following opposites: material-ideal, perceptions-concepts. For the proper use of knowledge, different rules or logic are built.An analysis of the starting point of logics has been made and links have been sought with some general headings in each particular area.A common position is selected from each area and links to the logic beginnings are listed
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The district governor realizes the policy of the executive power within the district by carrying out organizational, administrative and control functions. He/she is the sole organ of the executive power and makes sure there is conformity between national and local interests. The imputed authorities of the district governor are mentioned in more than sixty acts and in more than forty subdelegated enactments. This paper focuses on some of the possible ways of improving the governor’s management. The first possibility is related to the fact that there are no particular requirements regarding the taking of the position. Therefore, we believe that it is necessary for a district governor to have a command of certain knowledge, skills and competences. Another possible way for improving the work of a district governor is related to the necessity of strategic thinking and planning. This is a prerequisite for the strategic development of the objects of management. In this regard, we are convinced that the system for taking the post of district governor should be changed: the person taking it should not be appointed but elected. In our attempt to point out possible ways for improving the work of the district governor, we were inspired by our practical experience in trying to achieve unity in the existing differences between national and local interests.
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The article discusses the didactic and technological aspects of cloud solutions for creating mind maps. Cloud technologies are a resource for expanding the innovative culture of the teachers and also make more efficient the interaction between the teacher, students and other participants in the learning process. Mind maps are seen as an adaptive tool for planning, organizing, creating, presenting, solving problems, such as communication and a method of memorizing information, which making them a powerful tool for visualizing processes and events studied in technology training.
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The article is devoted to the resources of Facilitated communication, which is widely used as one of the alternative strategies of communication and interaction in children with multiple disorders. The worldwide experience with the implemented alternative method by using the computer to develop intentional communication skills in children with atypical development gives reason for formulating conclusions about the benefits of the technics of written communication development. The main stages are presented in the development of the skills for self-operation with the keyboard of the computer for coding of written information. The suggested procedures and recommendations are addressed to specialists and parents of the children with special communicative needs.
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This paper addresses the problem and the form of risks to ecological security and environmental protection in the Republic of Serbia. Ecological security and environmental risk in this region, represent a threat to the safety of citizens, their health and property. The problem of adequate protection of citizens and their property are more difficult due to the inability of responsible institutions in the entire territory, as well as the lack of modern means for the removal of harmful content and decontamination of terrain, which threaten the environment.
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The article considers the continuity of the connection between the covers of the Soviet and post-Soviet notebooks and diaries. The Soviet cover demonstrated democracy, modesty, functionality. Market relations impose new requirements to school accessories. Notebooks and diaries were described by the concepts of fashion. The main subjects presented on the covers of notebooks and diaries in post- Soviet Russia, are considered in the article.
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The paper aims to analyze the continuum of preserving national traditions as an important accent in the increasingly globalized world. It also aims to emphasize the sustainable trend of exchanging information, knowledge, social competence and ethno-traditional values through the so called non-material cultural heritage, i.e. national folklore in some of its genres suitable for children. As a way to counteract globalization, different communities are trying eben harder to preserve their own culture and national identity. At the same time, this identity can be seen as a bridge across generations that aims to preserve human and moral values both as part of language and as part of typical national features. Provoked of different aspects of modernity such as digitalization or visualizations, the authors try to explore a small part of the children folklore genre and the trends for its revival.
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The article presents some results from researching the cultural heritage of the Bulgarian communities in Central and Western Europe from 1991 to 2015. Empirical data on the use of distance learning in Bulgarian schools abroad are collected through electronic survey and discussion meetings with teachers. Based on the teachers’ suggestions Virtual Information Center has been created. The aim is to support the process to meet the communication and cultural needs of Bulgarians who live in our communities abroad and exchange of best pedagogical practices in a virtual educational environment.
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The traditional tamboura performance style is part of the folk culture in Southwestern Bulgaria, as well as in the region of Velingrad. Its being is deeply connected with the characteristics of the musical dialects of the region. Preserved to the present days, its existence is overwhelmingly based on the interaction with modern mandolin and relies on the combining of traditional techniques with new instrumental tools. The article traces the changes and novelties of the traditional style as well as its basic parameters: bourdon playing, specifics in breaking note durations, rhythmic patterns, ornaments, sound lines, morphology and functions of the instrument as accompanying mostly male solo singing. The complex relationships and routines are followed on the basis of the individual way of playing of the musician.
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The article examines one of the possible options for summarizing the knowledge and skills of 4th-grade students for multiplication and division with a two-digit number. The station learning method is used, which allows the individualization and differentiation of learning to overcome static and uniformity, as well as self-paced work. This method provides opportunities to unleash the creative potential of all participants in the education process. The students‘ static and passivity are overcome, and the lessons learned in a variety of contexts and activities.
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