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The article deals the topic of the education of migrants, specifically to a pupil who, along with his family, received asylum in the Czech Republic. The first part of the study is devoted to introducing the issue of the education of pupils with refugee backgrounds. We deal with the question of who is a refugee student and we also try to briefly describe the educational theories, from which the topic may be inspired. The largest part of the text is devoted to the analysis of a case study in which we try to see the issue through the eyes of the three stakeholders: the mother of the pupil, the teacher of the pupil and the pupil himself. The study analyses qualitative processed semi-structured interviews. As a research design we chose a case study because we are convicted it is the right way to get deeper into the issue, which is of interest to our country and the world.
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The aim of this study was to examine the life-adjustment of mothers in different types of single-mother families as well as cognitive outcomes of their children. The participants were 42 single mothers (divorced, widows and never married) and their children (N=42). The indicators of mothers’ life- -adjustment were: the level of economic difficulties, perceived support from friends and relatives 569 and mother’s life- -satisfaction. The indicators of children’s cognitive outcomes included Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices Test, Crichton Vocabulary Scale and School Readiness Test. In addition, data on children’s grades (end of the first term of the first grade) was obtained. Data analysis revealed that there are no significant differences between three types of single mothers according to various indicators of their life- -adjustment. Further, mothers’ satisfaction with life is related to the level of economic difficulties and perceived support from friends and relatives. Mothers who have less economic difficulties and who receive more support from friends and relatives are more satisfied with life. There are no differences in children’s cognitive outcomes with regard to the type of single-mother family. Obtained differences on certain cognitive outcomes can be ascribed to the quality of home environment.
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Current issue of the bulletin pays attention to intergenerational changes of living conditions, especially to preconditions both of poverty and its transmission between generations. The paper presents selected results from representative empirical survey on socio-economic situation of three family generations. The main focus was on three factors: educational attainment of family members, their labour market status, and structure of families. The paper offers also analysis of subjective attitudes to shifts in living conditions of three generations.
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The study focuses on the theme of life chances as an opportunity for a full-fledged life and people's livelihood. The first part of the paper focuses on the main conceptual frameworks of lifestyle chances. On the basis of these, an outline of the basic social mechanisms that decide on the real distribution of the life chances of social actors is formulated. Key are presented: performance-distributive, redistributive, control and sociable mechanisms. The second part of the contribution focuses on the analysis of subjective perceptions of life opportunities through a secondary analysis of selected relevant issues from international ISSP research showing subjective assessment of the possibilities and factors of life success and self-realization of people during the transformation development of Slovak society.
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The influence of the political decisions on the development of agriculture and therefore on people engaging in primary agricultural production becomes more intensive with the development of civilisation. The state (its power and political elite) tends to unify social space and to control the functioning of its areas. This tendency culminated in Slovakia during the second half of 20th century in time of collectivization and decollectivization of agriculture. During the second half of 20th century there were two considerable discontinuities: first, collectivization of agriculture in 50s, and second, decollectivization in 90s. Both were politically controlled processes, and therefore their effect had been essential for the way of life and life strategies of people engaging in agricultural production. The author tries to understand these processes and their social and cultural context and to delineate possible development of agriculture as well as of people engaging in it.
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Drawing on Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1991; Sheldon & Kasser, 1998), the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic life goals, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and well-being was explored in a sample of 439 freshmen from four different faculties. Three models were examined by structural equation modeling: for goal importance, for present attainment of goals, and for future goals attainment. Specifically, four hypotheses were tested: (1) life goals can be divided into two categories, extrinsic and intrinsic, (2) only intrinsic goals enable satisfaction of basic psychological needs, (3) personal well-being is a direct function of the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and (4) intrinsic goals have an indirect effect on well-being, mediated by satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and extrinsic goals have a direct effect on well-being. The hypothesized relationships were confirmed. The results of the study are consistent with past research and provide support for self-determination theory.
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This paper presents findings from a qualitative research targeted at the prosecution of hate crimes in the Czech Republic. Based on interviews with judges, prosecutors, attorneys, offenders and victims, three scenarios of the lifecycle of a hate crime are formulated – ideal, inauspicious and plausible. The scenarios consist of model situations that reflect criminal proceedings from police investigation to conviction and that allow to demonstrate six factors which influence the qualification and prosecution of an offence as a hate crime. The main objective of this paper is to identify key moments of criminal proceedings concerning hate crimes in the Czech context. This can help to detect the problematic aspects of criminal justice system that hinder the effective solving of hate crimes.
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The article focuses on the relationship between marital status and life satisfaction in the countries of Europe. The first part of the article discusses subjective evaluations of life satisfaction and the theoretical concepts that explain differences in the levels of life satisfaction according to marital status. The second part of the article is devoted to empirical analyses of data from the European Social Survey (ESS), the results of which indicate that in the countries studied married people tend to be more satisfied with life than others, even though the strength of this effect varies. The differences in the effect of marriage cannot be ascribed to a given society’s divorce rate. In some countries the life satisfaction of the cohabiting population is almost as high as for married people, while in other countries it is closer to the level of life satisfaction observed among single people, and in other countries the level of satisfaction of the cohabitating individuals lies midway between married and single people.
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The study analyzes the issue of youth victimization and approaches it from a perspective of criminological theories focusing on lifestyle. First, victimological theories labeled lifestyles/ routine activities perspective are introduced and a possibility of their integration with other significant predictors of victimization is discussed. Second, the integrated model is empirically tested making use of data from a Czech youth survey ISRD-3. Two types of victimization are analyzed, namely theft victimization and violent crime victimization. The results of the study are largely in agreement with the proposed model.
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The article deals with the accessibility of education as one of the most important human well-being transformed society principles. Access to education for transformed society guarantees the personal social mobility, career and income, the key indicators that affect the welfare state index. Empirical research on the education availability of various social groups is also presented in the article.
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The present article is aimed at specifying bases of social motivation, defining the basic social needs and interrelations among them. A basic social need is defined as such a need, which is not a product of culture, but constitutes a pre-condition for formation of a social group, which in turn creates the culture itself. Three such conditions are identified: attention of group members to each other, positive evaluation of each other, and care for each others well-being. A person experiences these conditions as needs for attention, esteem, and care. These three needs are interrelated in a hierarchical manner. The need for attention is the least important, while the need for care is the most important, as satisfaction of this need is both necessary and sufficient condition for formation and survival of a social group. Also, compared to the needs for attention and esteem, satisfaction of the need for care requires the most complex means. Despite of such subordination of the need for attention and the need for esteem to satisfaction of the need for care, both needs for attention and esteem should be considered as separate needs, as satisfaction of these needs constitutes pre-condition for satisfaction of the need for care and hence these needs acquire an independent motivational value.
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Any concept of democracy emphasizes the equality of all citizens in their right to participate in public life. Nowadays, Human rights are an indicator of implementation of the principle of equality in public life. The state recognizing Human rights disclaims inequality and in that case violation of equal Human rights and opportunities, i.e. discrimination is illicit. Detection of public perception of equality and discrimination and opportunities to restore the violated rights as well gives possibility to discuss the process of democracy in a state. In the article the presented research deals with a legal and institutional context of Human rights protection in Lithuania, a state of art in the national Human rights research from sociological point of a view and the resent quantitative comparative data of EU‘s „Eurobarometer“.
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The aim of this article is to develop and test a human resources management (HRM) model while ensuring information technology (IT) service quality and identifying problematic areas of quality performance inside the company through generalizations of data study of company staff and customers surveys. Quality management has emerged as a management paradigm for enhancing organizational effectiveness and competitiveness. A number of information science researchers contend that service quality is an important variable that affects success. The study evaluates the perception of service quality of IT service providers and their clients. IT services require high investments, and its effectiveness increasingly important. IT products such as hardware, software, and information system (IS) applications are part of the process of service delivery (development and maintenance of IS applications, management of operational systems, and maintenance of hardware and software), which determine clients’ perceptions of quality. The study presents a model of HRM performance improvement while ensuring IT service quality. It is based on Six Sigma concepts: define, measure, analyze, improve, and control. A Vilnius IT service company was selected as the subject of research into the applicability and effectiveness of the model. Research was carried out through the use of anonymous questionnaires, the target audiences were both the employees of the service company and its customer. Based on 131 employees and 66 business subjects research analysis the most important factors which affect service quality and employee satisfaction were determined. The designed model of HRM performance improvement and maintenance of IT service quality could help the company to ensure service quality and customer satisfaction as well as taking care of employee’s needs. The questionnaire survey results suggest that both customers and employees have evaluated IT service quality and HRM performance in the company as excellent. The main internal and external problems are: the number of employees quitting company for higher salaries, lack of training, lack of communication with the company’s top management, delay of some projects and insufficiently detailed information provided to the customers. The authors’ model “HRM performance improvement through IT service quality” can be used for IT companies to evaluate service quality and to identify internal areas for human resources development. By applying the model and by carrying out the simple and low-cost research of service quality and employees’ attitude, an IT service company can effectively manage the internal processes, prevent or deal with existing issues in time, and ensure service quality and HRM improvement. All these actions should increase customer satisfaction and understanding of customers’ needs and expectations. The conclusions and recommendations summarise literature analysis and the results of performed
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Nagrinėjant į viešąjį ir privatų sektorių orientuotą mokslinę literatūrą straipsnyje atskleisti žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo kaitos ypatumai. Analizuojant mokslinius šaltinius pagrįstas žmogiškųjų išteklių ir jų valdymo svarbos augimas globalizacijos ir intensyvios konkurencijos sąlygomis. Keičiantis ištekliaus ypatumams ir svarbai turi keistis jo valdymui taikomi metodai, priemonės bei pati žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo filosofija (koncepcija). Analizuojant personalo vadybos ir žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo apibrėžimus bei turinius nustatyta, kad žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymas yra natūrali evoliucinė personalo vadybos tąsa, sąlygota kintančių išorinės aplinkos sąlygų. Išskirti šių dviejų koncepcijų esminiai ypatumai. Nustatyta, kad personalo vadyboje akivaizdus orientavimasis į vidinius, operatyvinius organizacijų poreikius; siekiama iš karto parinkti kvalifikuotus darbuotojus ir taip apriboti būtinas investicijas į žmogiškuosius išteklius. Žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo ypatumų analizė atskleidė, kad vadovaujantis šia koncepcija: žmogiškieji ištekliai suvokiami kaip visuma bei laikomi svarbiausiu organizacijos ištekliumi; vidinę orientaciją papildo išorinių sąlygų ir poreikių įvertinimas; derinami individualūs ir komandiniai darbo organizavimo metodai; akivaizdi strateginė orientacija bei aktyvus dalyvavimas organizacijos strategijos formavime ir jos įgyvendinime; vertės bei konkurencinių pranašumų kūrimas; žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo veiklų paskirstymas tarp skirtingų vykdytojų. Remiantis atlikta mokslinių šaltinių analize apibrėžti šių dviejų koncepcijų skiriamieji bruožai: pagrindinis objektas, vyraujantis požiūris į darbuotojus, pagrindinis tikslas, taikomi darbo organizavimo metodai, orientacija laike ir erdvėje, veiklos svarbos suvokimas, veiklos vykdytojai, dalyvavimas organizacijos strategijos formavime, investavimas į žmogiškuosius išteklius.
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This article analyses problematic aspects of human resource development in municipalities and discusses the concept of human resource development, the model of a learning organisation and their interrelation. Models of employee professional development and of human resource development in municipalities are analysed. The results of the research show that employee professional development in Lithuanian municipalities is related to qualification furthering outside the organisation rather than in-service training and learning at the workplace. Poor integration of education into municipality’s work environment leads to unfavourable conditions for the development of employees’ competence. In pursuit of qualitative changes, it is advisable to gradually create an enabling environment for learning and training in municipalities and adapt the model of human resource development.
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The paper presents a prototype of the isolated word recognition system based on hidden Markov models. The developed prototype of the speakerindependent Lithuanian isolated word recognition system is handy for recognition experiments and the analysis of their results. The user is provided with numeric and visual recognition information on the results. The word recognition pivots on the precision of the determination of the word limits. The main window contains a recognized word and its logarithmic likelihood, a visible waveform of the speech signal, the depicted energy of the speech signal, the identified word boundaries and energy detection thresholds. If the system misrecognized the word, such visualization enables to identify easier whether it resulted from wrong end-point detection. The segmentation window provides with a list of words which acoustic models to the given speech signal are the best, the scores of their likelihood and a diagram of the most likely sequence of the phoneme models aligned with the speech signal. Such visualization helps to analyze recognition errors and the impact of each phoneme model on the recognition accuracy. Results of preliminary experiments have shown that by changing the transcription of some words the recognition accuracy can be increased.
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Contents of the journal PHILOSOPHY. SOCIOLOGY, Vol. 21 (2010)
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