The Adriatic Chessboard: Migration Policies and Regional Security
This article details the potentil for migrant route diversification following the closure of the Balkan Route, and especially Italy and Albania.
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This article details the potentil for migrant route diversification following the closure of the Balkan Route, and especially Italy and Albania.
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This exclusive interview with Edith Harxhi provides insight on the challenge and opportunities facing Albania as it aspires to a larger regional role.
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In an interview conducted by the German weekly Die Zeit in 2008, Jürgen Habermas analyses the most important social, political and economic consequences of the global crisis. He worries about the social injustice, namely, that the costs of the collapse of the system must be paid by the most vulnerable groups of the society. He argues that despite of the shocking pictures of the crisis, this turbulent environment could widen the spectrum of possible political alternatives. The neoliberal project reached its limits and a new equilibrium should be created between the market and politics, where the new dimensions of solidarity and democracy should be integral parts of the structure. The European model, which is based on autonomous economic policy measures, will not be sufficient to manage the crisis, and this system should be followed by a close coordination of economic policy and economic governance. The new economic and political order can be created by a new type of diplomacy. Habermas is optimistic about the role of the US: after the reconsideration of the neo-conservative approaches, and the implementation of the decentralized universalism, the country can play an important role in the creation of a new world order where there is no need for superpowers anymore.
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In 2018, it has been already ten years since one of the major wars of the post-Cold War period, namely, the war between Georgia and the Russian Federation. This war lasted only for five days, but it also became an important milestone in the development of the international security relations as well as the military science at the beginning of the 21st century. The article evaluates its geopolitical framework on the basis of the neorealist theory of the balance of security threats and it also deals with its impact on the development of the Russian military.
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The article offers for expert discussion research outcomes assessing commanders´ development in the area of leadership for assignments in defense organization. It also evaluates the level of utilization of gained competencies while managing these organizations. Research was conducted from 2017 to 2019 and embraced predominantly surveys among participants of career courses provided by the Centre for Security and Military Strategic Studies of Defense University in the life-long education program. Research outcomes proved limited level of understanding and implementation of leadership theoretical framework in daily business. Additionally, it shows that the implementation of verified leadership processes and principles by middle- and higher-military management fluctuates about the average level. Furthermore, it figured out an insufficient application of all available instruments for people motivation and support including the approach „leading by example“. Finally, it outlined several recommendations for the reinforcement of military personal preparation in the area of leadership for the successful conduct of middle- and higher-managerial position in military organizations. The first and at the same time the most significant step is the recommendation for implementing leadership areas into the Ministry of Defense conceptual documents in the form of vision, strategy and systemic measures.
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The article deals with current state of infantry fighting vehicles training and evaluates current status of training documentation (mainly based on own experience). It focuses on the development of crew training mainly based on example of wheeled IFV PANDUR II. The goal of the paper is open a professionally discussion on the topic the IFV´s crew training. Mainly evaluates training maps, which the author regards as essential.
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Personnel Recovery intervenes to almost all areas of planning, preparation and implementation of military operations. One of the important areas of the personnel recovery system is the intelligence area. This article describes on the operational level the reasons and basic methods of intelligence support of Personnel Recovery during joint military operations. It introduces selected intelligence disciplines and explains the suitability of their use in the various Personnel Recovery phases. It also describes the intelligence activities related to post-reintegration phase and outlines the basic issues associated with the intelligence support of Personnel Recovery.
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The main topic and focus of this article is to identify the most relevant indicators of the rise of religious extremism as an important cause of armed conflicts. A religiously motivated conflict is a relevant topic in modern security studies and research. Conflict prevention using the early-warning indicators identified in this article might be interesting for the security expert community. In the article chosen methodology is available with the recommendation to following research in the examined field.
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The main goal of this article is to depict the role of postcolonial theory of neo-colonialism in the development of the security situation in Afghanistan. The introductory part is devoted to defining the postcolonial approach. This part is followed by a definition of neo-colonialism as a modern form of continuation of colonialism. The next part is focused on the role of neo-colonialism itself in Afghanistan, in relation to the influence and interests of the USA. In addition, the paper outlines the main security implications as well as the distortions of Afghanistan's regional actors (Pakistan and India) as a result of US engagement in the region. The final part summarizes the essential information in the context of the theoretical requirements and signs of neo-colonialism in relation to the activities of the US and other state actors in Afghanistan and the region.
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In May 2017, Islamists of the South-Philippine Separate Groups of Abu Sajyaf and Maute occupied Marawi City in Mindanao. Five-month fighting was attended by more than 3,000 armed forces against about 1,000 jihadists. Dozens of foreign fighters took part in the fighting on the Islamists side and confirming the pan-Islamic ethos of the Islamic state's ideology in this part of the world. Philippine troops were not prepared for the character of fighting in urbanized environment against motivated and experienced militants. The shortcomings were manifested in the conducting of operations in a heavily built-up area, but also in low-level coordination and limits of capabilities of the technical intelligence. It was decided to create Special Operations Command to which all Philippine special purpose forces are subordinated. The conflict experience has initiated a change of doctrinal approach that focuses on air support to reduce losses due to inaccurate bombing and acquisitions of high-tech reconnaissance and weapon systems.
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The present article expresses the importance of the Zrínyi 2026 Hungarian government medium-term modernization program and its impact on military security in the region. Migration crisis, hybrid warfare treatments and withdrawal from the INF (Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces) treaty were the main reasons for the enactment of the Zrínyi 2026 program. Comparing the Polish and Hungarian Defence Forces, the article analyses the significance of military security in Central Europe. The analysis explores organizational and legal changes and the purchase of armaments. The Hungarian program’s objectives are to change not only the equipment but also the structure and organization. The Commander of the Hungarian Defence Forces was separated from the Ministry of Defence. The Hungarian program has declared the increase in the number of reserve forces to twenty thousand and the active duty personnel to roughly thirty-eight thousand. Due to the modernization the military forces will be equipped with new components.
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The Armed Forces of BiH were officially unified in 2005 and are composed of two founding armies: the Bosniak-Croat Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian Serb Army of Republika Srpska. Even though the unified armed forces celebrated their 13th anniversary in December 2018 and are presented as a success story, the political environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina, particularly in Republika Srpska, does not foster a sense of unity in the armed forces. The paper explores the vulnerabilities that the unified armed forces face, particularly in relation to the process of state building in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The text concludes, that the main concerns for the BiH armed forces include the old equipment, the economic problems of the country and budget constraints, politicisation and ethnicisation – while ongoing nationalism and the unsure future of BiH remain the greatest external challenges.
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On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the birth of prof. Elka Petrova (Sofia University) the results of the research for her creative work are presented. It proves that she is a remarkable Bulgarian pedagogue- experimenter with authorship contributions for the development of national science and culture. The scientific and public activities of Elka Petrova are positively assessed – in the second half of the 20th century she runs important innovative projects for pre-school child education and cooperates ideologically and organizationally with prominent scientists and politicians in Bulgaria, Europe and the world.
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Prostitution is one of the oldest deviant phenomena. In different eras and societies at her differently react - the acceptance and approval by incrimination in criminal law. The paper will, first of all point to the emergence and historical development of prostitution in order to then pointed to the different systems of social and legal response. The aim is to highlight the harmful effects of prostitution as a social deviation and the necessity of finding effective ways for its suppression.
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Introduction: Stigma represents negative marking of persons, just because they have a diagnosis of mental disorder. It is also determined by the social context, not just by the characteristics of some people.Objective: Clinic for Psychiatry of the University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska is the only institution in the Republic of Srpska that has a Department of Addiction Diseases . The work of our Department is based on a multidisciplinary approach, by organizing hospital and post-hospital treatment. In our profession we are, witnessing the rooted stigma, in which the focus is on patiens and also on professionals who work with them. This circumstance is affecting the autostigmatization of these patients, which has as a result their helplessness, hiding and escaping. At the same time, it presents a high risk of professional burning. On the other hand, the fact is that stigma is the main obstacle to developing resources for better social support for addicts. Our constant dilemma is how to improve and develop resources for treating addiction illnesses. We are witnessing the fact that the wider social community, and professionals who are in contact with patients and patients themselves also suffer from prejudices related to addiction diseases. In this paper we will present the activities which we have taken so far in the field of raising the awerness of seriousness of this problem.Conclusion: Our ongoing engagement is raising the level of awareness of addiction diseases, which we see as a possibility to reduce the stigmatization and social exclusion of people with addiction syndrome. Raising the level of awareness of the severity of this problem would improve the detection of people with a problem of addiction, but also encourage professionals to think about potential preventive programs.
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The extremely rapid growth of digital technologies and social media within them, leads to the increasing focus of people on communication through these channels. Communication through this type of media intensifies every day, resulting in some behavioral changes. Research shows that people are inclined to behave differently in the Internet communication than when communicating in reality, highlighting some of the positive or negative traits. This paper points out specificities of the behavior of persons with the conditional use of social media, with particular reference to the connection between the use of social media and deviant behavior.
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Focus of authors’ attention is the institute of the “suspension of imprisonment”.It regulates a “legal way” of coming-out of convicted persons from an institution in which they serve their sentence of imprisonment, and only for a limited period of time. Requirements which need to be fulfilled in that regard, as well as the process of deciding on that issue, are regulated by the Law on the Execution of Criminal Sanctions. Accordingly, authors observe the current regulation of the mentioned institute, and for that purpose the three judicial decisions concerning that issue will be analyzed. The first section of this article refers to the suspension of imprisonment toward convicted persons, while the second section is related to the suspension of imprisonment in mean of misdemeanor offenders.
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If one considers the possibility whether the astrology and under what conditions can become a scientific theory, it must be considered the fundamental characteristics of the scientific approach and scientific hypotheses and the astrology as theory. The author argues that flexible positivist approach still provides the best means of systematic progress of humanity and knowledge. Giving an overview of astrological research, a distinction between analytic and synthetic astrology was made, assuming that the latter provides a much better opportunity for objectification "scietific-formulated" astrological theory. A humble attempt at scientific definition of astrological hypothesis was presented, using the System of bipolar features with four indicators (SBO4). With the application of the principles of this system, it was emphasized that the priority in the scientific approach to astrology is empirical verification of theoretical hypotheses, which lead to the improvement of science, and therefore of human knowledge in general.
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From 20 to 27 August 2018, the International Slavic Congress took place in Belgrade. The pro-gram of the Commission held meetings that are accredited (affiliated) at the International Committee of Slavists. The congress of researches on emigration provided an opportunity to discuss the current state of research and their prospects for further development. The author of the article discusses the specifics of emigration research, paying particular attention to the achievements of Polish stud-ies, and points out the most important tasks facing the Board and the Bureau of the Commission. An important stage in the activities of the commission is the decision to move its headquarters to Olsztyn, which strengthens the Institute of Eastern Slavic studies as one of the Leading centers of emigration research, not only in Poland, but also in European science.
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