„Társastudat” Közép-Európa antikarteziánus filozófiája? Kristóf J. Nyíri: Tradition and Individality

Author(s): Gabriella Újlaki / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 03/1993

A lélektan vagy a szociológia ismeretelméleti elsődlegességének kérdése, másképpen fogalmazva a tudás alapvetően társadalmi vagy egyéni meghatározottságának problémája mentén felrajzolhatók a XX. század tudomány- és nyelvfilozófiájának legjelentősebb gondolati irányzatai.

„Tożsamość narracyjna” Ricoeura jako medium między pojęciem i doświadczeniem „ja”

Author(s): Marcin Urbaniak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2010

Synaesthesia had been described as early as in 1883 by Francis Galton, but until recently it was perceived merely as a subjective phenomenon impossible to study using objective methods. The development of neuroscience and the consciousness studies created the possibility of scientific study of this phenomenon. At present many types of synesthesia are known, and there are many theories trying to explain its mechanisms. Understanding the answer to the question of the nature of synesthesia may be faciliated by a standarized method of Synesthesia Batter Test developed by David Eagleman and his colleagues, which allows to explore synesthetic experience and compare reliable data from different laboratories. This paper presents this method and a case of EW, experiencing the most common type of synesthesia, grapheme-color. This means, that when EW sees letters or numbers, she has an experience of color.

„Transcendentalny narcyzm” i filozofia sztuki.

Author(s): Piotr Schollenberger / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 02/2006

The author discusses the question of “narcissism”, specifically understood in the phenomenological works of Merleau-Ponty, in which it denotes a perception that discovers truth within itself, the unexpressed, pre-rational truth of the world as it is, which best captures the process of painting as a work of art. Merleau-Ponty believes that although it evades the claims made by the rationalising description, the relation between the visible and the invisible generates a linguistic, discursive meaning. In other words, it is possible to speak about art in the language of philosophy and, in addition, to speak well by doing justice to a given work of art, or not. Does the philosophical discourse apply painting as an illustration, or perhaps it unites in a common objective the solution of the mystery of visibility, or discovers within it its own “silent” reflection? Regardless of the answers we give to these questions, the problem of “narcissism” – a perception which finds the truth within itself – remains a problem not only of contemporary philosophy but also of contemporary art.

„Trójka widm w bezokoliczniku”. Spektralne koniugacje Witolda Wirpszy

Author(s): Piotr Bogalecki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2016

This article presents an interpretation of Witold Wirpsza’s poem ‘Zgryzota i dalekie światło’ [Distress and a Distant Light]. Bogalecki begins with an analysis of the poem’s formulas and procedures in a Deleuzian context. His goal is twofold: first, to deduce Wirpsza’s understanding of the theme of the spectre, which only becomes meaningful through Jacques Derrida’s hauntology and the works of Giorgio Agamben and John D. Caputo. The second goal is to indicate a direction for a post-secular reinterpretation of Wirpsza’s work. His return to the theological or religious tradition can be understood as a deconstruction of the traditional form of religious and metaphysical poetry. The effect turns out to be an affirmative recognition of the language of religion as a spectre that incessantly ‘haunts’ modern, seemingly secularized discourses.

„Troska o duszę” a polityka. Propozycja Alasdaira MacIntyre’a

Author(s): Piotr Machura / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 25/2007

The aim of the article is to present the sources of Alasdair MacIntyre’s political conception. Considering his criticism of contemporary culture as known, the issue of man’s subjectivity, its intellectual character, and perception of community as a place of thereby understood realization of the human nature follow. At the same time, an emphasis of the importance of philosophical reflection for self-knowledge of an average member of such a community somehow forces a conclusion on a political nature of an intellectual activity.

„Twardy” problem realizmu metafizycznego i współczesny antyrealizm

Author(s): Stanisław Judycki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2009

The aim of the article is to consider the problem of metaphysical realism that is defined as the thesis that there are objects that are independent of human consciousness. The problem was not solved by I. Kant, since he assumed, without a justification, that there are objects (“things in themselves”) that are the causes of human mental states. The author interprets the problem of metaphysical realism in the context of the so-called principle of immanence (“principle of consciousness”), according to which every entity (object) may be treated exclusively as a correlate of consciousness. The principle of immanence is the cause why even causal relations have to be treated as only certain data for the consciousness, and hence they may not be referred to by asserting that there is a factor that is the cause of states of human consciousness. Contemporary anti-realism, as the so-called conceptual realism, does not consider the problem of metaphysical realism in the context of the principle of immanence, and hence it is not a part of the traditional dispute on the existence of the (external) world. The author sees the solution to the problem of metaphysical realism in combining two arguments: in the reference to the ontological proof, which – via God’s veracity – is to “lead outside” the immanence of consciousness, and in the reference to the concept of participation in such a way that the human mind participates in God and it is Him that is the real entity (ens realissimum) that is referred to by the dispute about the existence of the world and the problem of metaphysical realism.

„Twórzmy relacje, a nie dzieci”. Wspólne życie na zniszczonej planecie w chthulucenie Donny Haraway

Author(s): Aleksandra Derra / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2017

The aim of the article is to discuss the basic assumptions, theses and solutions of Donna Haraway’s book “Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene”. The author places the considerations of an American philosopher and biologist on the background of her earlier books and conceptual proposals. She analyses her suggestion of using the category of Chthulucene instead of Anthropocene, the category of sympoietic system instead of an autopoietic one, she presents her appeal for creating new forms of kinship and extensive response-ability for each other.

„Utrata” znaczenia Kilka kroków ku „pierwszoosobowej” praktyce fenomenologicznej

Author(s): Natalie Depraz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2013

Doświadczenie, w które zamierzam się zagłębić, odnosi się do procesu wyłaniania się znaczenia w świadomości. Mówiąc bardziej szczegółowo: tym, co jest mi dane pod pojęciem „znaczenia”, jest sama utrata znaczenia tego, to co mi się w tej chwili wydarza. Oto kluczowa hipoteza: odkrycie swojego własnego doświadczenia i tworzenie jego osobistego opisu w ramach zdyscyplinowanej praktyki. Jest to jedyny sposób, by sprawdzić efektywność mojego pierwszoosobowego dostępu do własnego wyjątkowego i nieredukowalnego doświadczenia. Po napisaniu wiele „na temat” konieczności rozpoczęcia takiej praktyki, po „twierdzeniu”, że jest to absolutnie niezbędne, a niedawno także po sprawdzeniu tego w świetle odczytywanej krok po kroku książki Husserla oraz twierdzeniu, że to jest to autentyczne ujęcie fenomenologii husserlowskiej, tu jestem tą, która w końcu wyjawi trochę samej siebie, podejmując ryzyko podjęcia się takiej praktyki. W rzeczywistości owo „ujęcie” pierwszoosobowego doświadczenia, w oparciu o wypowiedzi fenomenologów, którzy o nim pisali, jak to dziś często czyni się na przecięciu fenomenologii i kognitywistyki – to jedno; a czymś zupełnie innym i całkowicie odmiennym epistemologicznie jest praktykowanie takiego pierwszoosobowego doświadczenia poprzez ujęcie via samoujawnianie wyjątkowego przykładu, który usytuowany jest hic et nunc, na przykład kiedy używam narzędzi opisowych, które są mu wierne i tym samym uwierzytelniają wspomnianą praktykę, dobrze jej służąc.

„Vásárolok, tehát vagyok.” A személy a kapitalizmusban

Author(s): Manfred Prisching / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 15/2011

The main aim of the essay is to shed light on how consumption, identity and capitalism relate to each other. According to the premise of the writing, nowadays individuals can be described with the concept of animal consumers, because after the decreasing importance of the great narratives and the ideologies in the second half of the 20th century, it has been consumption, which became the core element on which identifies are constructed. This epoch – second modernity – is characterized by individualization: identity construction mainly revolves around the construction of the uniqueness, distinctiveness and authenticity of the individual. In this context consumption becomes a way of communication: one of the main functions of buying and consuming is to represent individual identities. On the one hand, the second part of the writing focuses on how values change due to the changing role of consumption. On the other hand, it analyzes the social conditions, which are required for the reproduction of such identityconsumption relations. The author uses the notion of „two-dimensional society”, in order to describe contemporary consumer capitalism, where the main motive is conformist individualism.

„Vers à l’austère”. Sztuka peryferyjna a rytm i forma w malarstwie formistów polskich

Author(s): Iwona Mikołajczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2015

Artykuł Iwony Mikołajczyk „Vers à l’austère”. Sztuka peryferyjna a rytm i forma w malarstwie formistów polskich omawia wybrane dzieła polskiej awangardy z punktu widzenia stosunku ich twórców do kultury peryferyjnej: folklorystycznej, jarmarcznej i popularnej. Wykorzystując wtórne znaki modelujące typu determinowanego, Tymon Niesiołowski, Eugeniusz Zak, Tytus Czyżewski i Andrzej Pronaszko transponowali dostrzeżone w niej wartości estetyczne, środki artystyczne i motywy w przestrzeń własnych płócien, wiążąc je z technikami awangardowymi. Zagęszczając w obrębie jednego dzieła techniki twórcze, dochodzili do nowych jakości formalnych, surowej i czystej konstrukcji, wspartej na rytmie i ekspresji wyrazu. Te wizualne wartości odróżniają ich twórczość od osiągnięć awangardy zachodnioeuropejskiej.

„Vnímání je již vyjadřování“. Merleau-Pontyho první přednášky na Collège de France

Author(s): Jan Halák / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 52/2017

In his initial lecture course at the Collège de France, Merleau-Ponty attempted to develop a new analysis of rational thought in order to clarify its link with corporeal-perceptive life. The formulation of thought in lan- guage as the most elaborate human activity of expression explicitly takes over what we already observe in perception as the implicit and mutual reference between the perceiving subject and that which is perceived. The article reconstructs Merleau-Ponty’s argumentat, based on his preparatory notes for the lectures, and provides an interpretation of the key concepts of “expression” and “body schema”.

„Wiara oświeconych”. Uwagi metodologiczne o rozprawie Władysława Witwickiego oraz kilka przykładów stosunku „oświeconych” do Boga i wiary

Author(s): Anna Brożek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2019

The first part of the article contains a logical reconstruction and a methodological analysis of some aspects of the famous Władysław Witiwcki’s work “Faith of Enlightened”. In particular, the classifications of believers and the principles of these classifications are analyzed; methodological errors committed by Witwicki are indicated. In the second part of the text, Witwicki's distinctions are illustrated by attitudes towards God and faith represented by four representatives of the Lvov-Warsaw School: Kazimierz Twardowski, Jan Łukasiewicz, Tadeusz Kotarbiński, and Józef Maria Bocheński.

„Więcej” niż pedagogika… W kierunku konwersyjnego ujaśnienia źródłowego charakteru filozofii wychowania

Author(s): Michał Płóciennik / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5/2016

Pedagogy, both as an academically theoretical activity and humanistically social practice hasbeen under a serious crisis for a long time. Obviously, this crisis has been caused by numerous reasons,both external and internal. Yet, it seems to be a perfect opportunity to re-discover the sourceof pedagogy in the philosophy of upbringing and – through the conversion in the centre of pedagogicalthinking – to restore the tension between philosophy (in its wise ontological-metaphysical hesitation) and pedagogy. It seems clear that this lack of tension and limiting pedagogy to a detailedsocial science, is damaging and appears to be the fundamental problem and the main reasonof the critical condition of contemporary pedagogy.

„Wszystko, co powiesz, może być użyte przeciwko Tobie”, czyli o odpowiedzialności etycznej filozofów za słowo pisane

Author(s): Joanna Janicka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2016

Providing the problems with the exegesis of the philosophers thought, the author tries to recognize the reasons of this situation. She contemplates both the purposeful beclouding as well as the impossi-bility of giving the precise expression of the object of cognition. The author indicates, that when the reader meets the article, the latter stops being the author`s own belonging, which gives rise to the matter of responsibility for the author`s words. It is of the utmost importance when the possible interpretations considers the authority and the historical context of re-reading of the philosophy text.

„Wzniosły jest pogląd, że Stwórca…ˮ, czyli łapówka Darwina dla chrześcijan

Author(s): Grzegorz Malec / Language(s): / Issue: 11/2014

At the end of 1859, the most revolutionary book in the history of biology began appearing in English bookshops. Its author, Charles Darwin, called into question the idea of the permanence of species and claimed that life on earth evolves by purely natural processes. Darwin’s book had six editions, each of which included changes by the author. One of the best-known examples is the rephrasing of the last statement from the first edition of On the Origin of Species, to which the English naturalist added a mention about the Creator. Although in some of the commentators’ opinions this was a sign of the acceptance of the supernatural origin of life, it was, in fact, Darwin’s thoughtful strategy to diminish the controversial overtone of his book, which might cause problems with acceptance of his theory of evolution by natural selection. The other reason for mitigating the ideas stated in the book might have been the will to calm down his wife, who feared for Darwin’s salvation and their common stay in Eden.

„Zdrowie” i „choroba” w perspektywie studiów nad dziejami pojęć społeczno-politycznych (szkic problematyki)

Author(s): Bartosz Hordecki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5/2013

The aim of the text was to characterize selected contemporary ways of conceptualizing „health”and „disease”.„Health” and „disease” were treated as the basic concepts in the sense given to this term byR. Koselleck. This means that the content of „health” and „disease” remain a constant subject ofdisputes and negotiations. Their users variously understand „the state of health” and „the stateof disease”, try to spread and even impose its own definitions.The contemporary debate on „health” and „disease” is shrouded in a peculiar aura of suspicion.Many of its important participants don’t think about „disease” and „health” as a unifyingphenomena. Their comments suggest, however, that the sick and the healthy are separated withthe wall of incomprehension, impossible or nearly impossible to break through. Such an approachmay limit the social desire to talk, understood as a serious remedy for loneliness and themany ills of modern man. Meanwhile, by talking the doctor and the patient are able to create anatmosphere of mutual respect and kindness, which greatly simplifies life, making it better.

„Zejście” do transcendentnego: sur-stancja i doświadczenie w mikrofizyce

Author(s): Anastazja Czeiz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2015

The phenomenon of wave-particle duality, dependent on the technical incorporation of micro-reality, emphasized that conceptualization of substance on the micro-level could be adapted neither with its classical conceptualization, nor with the human’s common sense. Therefore, new experience needs new conceptualization. Inspired by Gaston Bachelard’s reflections about the surrationalism, in the present article is realizing the presentation of microphysics’ substance as sur-stance and the experience of micro-reality as the peculiar empirical transcendence. In turn, this refers to the perspective of investigation of microphysics as new metaphysics.

„Ziarno prawdy” jako nieklasyczna narracja spiskowa

Author(s): Beata Koper,Jakub Misun / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 02/2016

The article outlines possible links between three types of narrative: conspiracy, critical and crime narratives. The basic methodological assumption here is that questions need to be asked about how a narrative works rather than about what genre it represents. The essay’s thesis raises questions about the need to change our understanding of the role of conspiracy theories in reconstructing the causes and courses of events. The authors argue in support of conspiracy theory as a potential narrative, because they find nothing particular in its means of reasoning that would allow us to draw a distinct boundary between conspiracy theory and critical theory within the meaning proposed by Bruno Latour. A crime narrative – Zygmunt Miłoszewski’s novel Grain of Truth – is used as a tool to analyse the functioning of a conspiracy narrative in the detective story. Utilising the division into classical and non-classical conspiracy meta-narratives proposed by Franciszek Czech, the authors of the article ask questions about the limits of the detective’s rational conduct, and the sources of his hypotheses and means of argumentation.

„Zły” jako wyzwanie dla etyki

Author(s): Paweł Miech / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 56/2012

Zły podmiot jest wyzwaniem dla filozofii moralnej. Etyka nie jest w stanie uznać realnej możliwości istnienia podmiotu moralnego, który byłby permanentnie i samoistnie zły. Uznanie tej możliwości wydaje się przeczyć podstawowym elementom definicji podmiotu moralnego, która stwierdza wszakże, że podmiot ten cechuje racjonalność, zdolność do uświadomienia sobie zobowiązań moralnych i wolność, która umożliwia mu poniesienie odpowiedzialności za własne poczynania. Jeśli zgodzimy się, że podmiot moralny jest z zasady świadomy prawa moralnego – musimy uznać, że jest on potencjalnie przynajmniej zdolny działania moralnego. Godząc się na tą logikę dochodzimy do wniosku, iż nawet w dogłębnie zepsutym i zdegenerowanym podmiocie istnieje potencjał do poprawy, istnieje pewien moralnie chwalebny element (np. rozum, wolność, odpowiedzialność). Zło podmiotu jest więc jedynie pewną słabością, niedoskonałością poznania lub działania wynikającą z subiektywnych lub społecznych uwarunkowań.

„Zwierzęta musiały być czujne”

Author(s): Arkadiusz Górnisiewicz,Joanna Bednarek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 752/2018