Značaj Nirnberga
Persons who vigorously oppose the Vietnam War sometimes rely heavily, if not exclusively, upon Nuremberg as the justification for their opposition .
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Persons who vigorously oppose the Vietnam War sometimes rely heavily, if not exclusively, upon Nuremberg as the justification for their opposition .
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mobility regimes, colonialism, tourism, migration, refugees, anthropology of colonial heritage, postcolonial perspective, India
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The article attempts to present the Russia’s devastating impact on critical infrastructure during the hybrid war in Ukraine. In order to present a broader context regarding the process, a timeline of the Ukraine-Russia war is presented, starting with the seizure of Crimea, the separation of Donbass, the beginning of the invasion and the Kiev phase, the positional war, and ending with the Kharkiv and Kherson counter-offensives. It goes on to analyse the targets and magnitude of Russian attacks on critical infrastructure, including such as medical and energy infrastructure. Authors point out that many times the overriding aim is to make life difficult for the civilian community, presumably to trigger signs of discontent and opposition to the Ukrainian authorities. The article also identifies the risks in the area of destruction of critical infrastructure in possible future conflicts and points to the need to take measures to strengthen the resilience of societies and states enabling their undisturbed functioning.
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One of the characteristics of the current war in Ukraine is the intensity of talks and practices regarding war crimes and accountability. Since Russia’s invasion in February 2022, both Ukraine and Russia have consistently claimed that the other side has been conducting inhumane war crimes while seeking accountability, domestically and internationally. Meanwhile, the International Criminal Court (ICC) has opened investigations into the situation in Ukraine. Various international and civil society actors have been actively investigating alleged war crimes, pursuing accountability mechanisms. At the same time, concerns that war crimes prosecution during conflicts may hinder the peace are persistent. And the prospect of prosecution and actual trial of Russia’s ‘big fish’ is full of uncertainty.
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The author analyzes the exhaustion of the trademark in the European Union. The subject of the analysis will be the provisions of the primary sources of EU law, the provisions of secondary sources of EU law, as well as the practice of the European Court of Justice.EU Member States have a national trade mark protection system and at EU level there is a regulation establishing a supranational trademark protection system. Parallel existence of these systems and their application in practice must be harmonized in such a way as to enable the smooth movement of goods and services in the internal market. The institute is the exhaust of the trademark is a form of legal restriction on the subjective right of the trademark holder. Since the national exhaustion of the trademark clears the internal market to the extent that there is a Member State in the EU, a system of regional exhaustion of the trademark has been introduced.
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The migrant crisis is a reality that inevitably permeates the society of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and which requires an adequate systemic response. A large number of financial resources that are globally allocated for the protection of migrants provide the possibility to alleviate the consequences that the movement of the population is caused by the fear of one’s own life. Migration can have different implications- social, psychological, economic and cultural, as well as two-fold impact: the impact on migrants and the impact of migrants on the society they come in. As a social process, migrations change not only the geographical image of a particular community, but also significantly affect the personality of migrants who, due to the crisis, can be further desecrated and deprived. The migrant crisis that has escalated in the region in2015, in Bosnia and Herzegovina is currently a status quo. Numerous experts warn that the sluggishness and the resolution of the current problems that the migrant crisis brings with them can have far-reaching consequences. The issue of security is one of the key issues and challenges in accordance with which the strategic direction of each country’s development is directed, as well as the issue of its internal and external policies. Bearing in mind the fact that the society of Bosnia and Herzegovina faces a full-scale migration crisis, it is necessary to define the approach, mechanisms and directions of action that unify the needs of migrants, but also the needs and interests of the country. The subject of this Paper covers a migrant crisis that is taking place in region and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the aim is to point out the psychological aspects that it has or can have on migrants, but also on the domicile population. Although migration policy is a broad concept, this Paper will point to the essential implication, that is, the personality of migrants -children, youth and elderly people who, in addition to stress, marginalization, home distance and the variety of cultures - face daily with the uncertainty of their own existence.
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Review of: Витомир Поповић, Арбитража за област Брчко - Спор или фарса стољећа, Aкадемија наука и умјетности Републике Српске, Бања Лука, 2018, стр. 1008
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A recent problem of administrative and judicial practice is the cumulative application of the penalties established by the EU law and by the national tax law, in case of non-compliance with customs obligations. This practice raises the question of the legality and proportionality of the additional penalties established under the national law. The issue is being debated before the Court of Justice of the European Union, which has been submitted with a request for a preliminary ruling.
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Between the late Sixteenth century and the first half of the Seventeenth century, an epic production dedicated to the narrative of the discovery and conquest of America became widespread. The customs and traditions of the native peoples and the fascinating nature of those places, untouched by civilization, are made known to European readers through a series of oceanic poems, which correspond to the desire for knowledge and exoticism typical of the 17th century. For these reasons, the American epic, while collaborating in consolidating stereotypes related to ethnicity, well represents the seventeenth-century spirit, animated by a broad and bold project of revolution in every field of knowledge.
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The article presents the procedure for the conclusion of peace treaties with the five former satellites of Nazi Germany after the end of the Second World War. The paper uses the methodology of the historical and legal analysis. The focus is on the accessible State Department archives for the Potsdam Conference of the Big Three, the first session of the Council of Foreign Ministers in London, and the December 1945 conference of the Foreign Ministers of the USSR, the United States, and the United Kingdom in Moscow. The negotiations between the three Great Powers leading to the decision to hold the Paris Peace Conference in 1946 are examined. Conclusions are made about how the USA, the United Kingdom and the USSR did not spare efforts to maintain complete control over the process without allowing other powers to interfere.
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The increased progress in technology and the use of artificial intelligence has resulted in the development of many sectors of the economy. These include the road transport sector, where the implementation of modern technologies has contributed to the increase in the automation of vehicles. Currently, the market already offers automated vehicles equipped with a number of driver assistance systems, which improves road safety and reduces the number of collisions and accidents. Highly automated and fully automated vehicles are expected to be in service by the end of this decade. And although fully automated vehicles are not yet widely available, there is already a need to discuss the development of a model of civil liability for damage caused by an automated or fully automated vehicle. This article presents an overview of current national, EU and international regulations regarding autonomous vehicles, and attempts to answer the question of which model of liability for damage caused by the movement of an autonomous vehicle will guarantee the victims of traffic incidents the greatest legal protection. Beyond the scope of this article are ethical problems related to transferring responsibility for the life and health of the driver, passengers, and other traffic participants to artificial intelligence.
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The aim of this analysis is exploring the relationship of the Soviet Union first and of the Russian Federation then with European and international human rights norms. It aims to explain the reasons for the delay in the reception and application of this jurisprudence in the Russian system of laws, the reasons why analyzing Russia’s relationship with them means considering the concept of sovereignty and the role of the state and the church in promoting and defending it. The analysis is conducted from a political and historical perspective and traces Russia’s relation with major international human rights conventions from the Soviet Union to the beginning of Vladimir Putin’s third term (2012). Central turns out to be the concepts of multiple modernities and of multiple moralities according to which the values system of a country develops in close relation to its history and culture. Talking about the recognition of human rights in Russia indeed means also considering the significance of the defense of so-called traditional values, their connection with the real heritage of the Soviet past, and that with tradition understood as predanje as well as it interests the heritage of the Christian tradition. In fact it is in this defense of the country’s history that the state and the church built their new relationship after the end of the Soviet Union. Proceeding from the idea of parallel trajectories in the process of modernization, which implies that not to all modernities can be applied the same model, it seems important to wonder what is the result of the encounter between the normative principles of these other cultural programs and the potentially universal normative principles of the Western model.
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Citizens' trust in the online environment is essential for economic and social growth. Lack of trust, caused in particular by the public perception that the legal security of electronic documents is not ensured online, can make consumers, businesses and public authorities reluctant to transact electronically and to adopt new electronic services. To this end, has been adopted the Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council, also known as the eIDAS Regulation, h, which deals on the one hand with the electronic identification of natural and legal persons and on the other hand with the provision and use of trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market, namely electronic signature, electronic seal, electronic timestamp, registered electronic delivery service and website authentication. Electronic identification and trust services have countless uses for citizens (student mobility, opening a bank account, filing a tax return, etc.), businesses (financial services, online sales, professional services, transport, etc.) and public authorities. The European Commission has proposed that by 2030 at least 80% of European citizens should be able to use an electronic identification solution to access essential public services, for example through a European digital identity wallet, and that the list of trusted services should also include other categories of services such as electronic registers and electronic archiving.Thus, a proposal has been drafted to amend the eIDAS Regulation, which establishes a uniform framework for European digital identity, with EU Member States obliged to notify at least one electronic identification scheme to the European Commission within 12 months of the entry into force of the proposed amendments.
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Cooperation with police forces of other countries and their international organisations as well as with bodies andinstitutions of the EU is the statutory task of the Polish Police, and simultaneously one of its priorities. Active participation of thePolish Police in international police structures is manifested by seconding its representatives to them. Representatives to INTERPOLand Europol play a special role in this respect. The legal situation of Polish Police officers serving in the structures of theseorganisations is regulated by both national and international law, and in the case of Europol – also by EU law. In the light of legalregulations currently in force, the legal status of Polish Police officers seconded to INTERPOL and Europol is not homogeneous,and the main difference results from the fact that persons serving in the INTERPOL General Secretariat are obliged to maintainfar-reaching impartiality and act only in the interest of this organisation, while officers operating in the Polish Liaison Officeat Europol (PLOE) may receive instructions from Polish services in the field of tasks they perform. However, despite the differences,there are also some common elements for the officers seconded both to the INTERPOL General Secretariat and to the PLOE, suchas the privileges and immunities necessary for such type of positions. Undoubtedly, another common element is the fact thatthey operate in the structures of entities that currently constitute the pillars of international cooperation of the Polish Police,significantly affecting the effectiveness of tasks performed by it
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Unlike the times when Moldovan state’s security was based on military power, today’s national security is basedon a central theme that is comprised of the values of the rule of law, good governance, and strong institutions that exist to servethe people, not a select group. We must follow this direction with uncompromising exactitude. Otherwise, we will live in anenvironment of insecurity that benefits the minority at the expense of the majority. One of the fundamental objectives of theEuropean Union is to create a space without internal borders, where people can move, live and work, with the firm belief that theirrights are fully respected and their security is guaranteed
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The scientific aim of the article is to answer the following research question: did the People’s Republic of China commit the genocide in the Uighurs in the light of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of December 9, 1948? The authors in their work: (1) characterize the Uyghur people, (2) describe the concept of genocide and the act of committing this act, (3) analyze examples qualifying for the recognition of Chinese actions as genocide (4) try to show the reaction of the main international actors to the situation in Xinjiang. The thesis of the article claims that the PRC committed genocide against the Uighur people by: (1) killing members of this group; (2) causing serious bodily and psychological harm to members of the group; (3) performing deliberate actions aimed at physical destruction of all or part of this community; (4) imposing measures to prevent birth in a group; (5) forcible separation of children from parents. The resulting article is a presentation of Chinese activities that fulfill the features of the crime of genocide and provide an in-depth legal analysis of the Genocide Convention. The article conducts a political analysis based on available source material.
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The article analyzes the theory of Democratic Confederalism that had been established in Northern Syria in the beginning of 2014. Three cantons had been declared in Northern Syria, a region also called as Rojava by Kurds and the system for governance of the cantons was Democratic Confederalism. Democratic Confederalism is a governance system which had been theorized by Abdullah Ocalan. Democratic Confederalism is a governance system that rejects the nation-state and its ideology and proposes a new system that does not rely on any kind of state. The article started with the evolvement of A. Ocalan`s ideology from socialism, in the early 1970s, to Democratic Confederalism in the beginning of 2000s. The article also explained Democratic Confederalism and introduced the main principles of the system. After explaining the system of Democratic Confederalism, the article focuses on governance of Cantons that had been declared in Northern Syria. The last part of the paper finds out whether Democratic Confederalism is functional or not based on experience in Northern Syria.
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The creation of innovations is a key factor in maintaining the competitiveness and economically significant success of the modern company. Investing in and finding new solutions to problems is a business goal, as long as the innovators can count on their competitors not being able to easily adopt and implement the innovations. The article explores the role of the intellectual property system and the protection it offers in achieving leading market positions by Asian companies. The object of the research is innovation, and its subject is innovation leadership through intellectual property. The research aims to prove the market success of innovations based on intellectual property, as well as that the intellectual property system is an important prerequisite for stimulating innovation, protecting investments, realizing increasing revenues and maintaining the company's competitiveness. For the purposes of the study the author will use the leading object of intellectual property in innovation – the invention.
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