Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Central Asia Braces for Climate Change Shocks
Farmers in the teeming Ferghana Valley are highly vulnerable to the effects of rising temperatures.
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Farmers in the teeming Ferghana Valley are highly vulnerable to the effects of rising temperatures.
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River basin Golijska Moravica is rich in water, therefore it’s water is used for water supply of towns and industry not only in it’s basin, but in the region as well. This paper presents the status of water quality in main rivers of the basin, and recommends measures for protection of water quality.
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In this paper are presented the results of research, considering on air temperature variability in Stara planina area. In southeast part of researched area it is noticed negative trend in the last 50 years of XX century, according to data of IPCC for Southeast Europe. Emphasized air temperature increase in summer period in almost stations is not pointed on dominant influence of anthropogenic greenhouse effect.
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The paper describes reality method sand geographical information systems (GIS- tehnologies) in integration GIS system. Sjenica is a specific area of the our state and therefore must notes of all elements and factors in environmental. GISs differ from the other types of information systems in that they manage huge quantities of data, enquire complex concepts to describe the geometry of objects and specify complex topological relationship between them. The paper describes our proposal for the project GIS for local community of Sjenica based on GIS technologies, with particular reference to the GIS demands and possibilities.
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Conceptual model of sustainable development is comprehended as consensus of human, social, economic, technological, cultural development and protection, sanation and advance of environment, as well as protection initial natural inheritance and basic eco-systems. It is impossible to separate particular segments of development because sustainable (optimal) development has sensed only if it has been observe as integral unit. Indicators of sustainable development are applied on the example of Raska region.
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Nature Park „Golija” represents exceptionally important natural asset within it is designated Biosfere Reserve „Golija-Studenica”, the first biosfere reserve in Serbia included in MaB Program. In this article are analysed efects of the last development upon environmental status of Nature Park „Golija”. Communication isolation, economic undeveloped state, markedly depopulation as well as low social standard of population of Nature Park „Golija” are the main factors that have been influenced on nature and environment preservаtion.
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According to the recommendation of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), examination of the climatic characteristics of any given area should cover a 30-year period (for instance, the years 1931 to 1960, or, 1961 to 1990, etc.). In time, changes and oscillations happen in climate, so that the climatic regions will also change, in time and in space. Such alterations are a frequent subject of scientific studies, concerned with cyclical nature and fluctuations of climate. Research of meteorological and climatic elements is, in fact, the precondition of knowing what the climate is, and without this knowledge it would be pointless to discuss any kind of concrete climatic regionalization. Depending on aims that we wish to accomplish, there is practically a limitless possibility of studying regions in one way or another. Essentially, though, the main starting assumption is that it would be desirable to perform a general climatic regionalization of the world, or of any territorial unit, and, starting from that, to proceed with subdivision into smaller climatic zones. A quite opposite approach, perhaps more appropriate in certain cases, would be to start research from the other end, by examining each station in detail, so that maximum-quality data could then serve to give us an idea about the spatial presence of various indicators.
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In compatibility with actual recommendations and policy which leads to improvement and preservation of integral environment and especially its natural values, it is necessary to implementation active and integral approach to all variety of planning documents. For the needs of the preparation of the Preliminary Design of the traffic artery the inner ring road (IRR) in Belgrade the issue of the protection of the environment has been analyzed within the framework of the special study. In order to visualize the impact of "the IRR" to its surroundings, the solutions of the traffic artery were analyzed from the aspect of the protection of the environment in the sense of definition of harmful impacts and proposals of measures for their prevention or removal. The basic starting point was to get an answer whether Belgrade, from ecological aspect, can withstand the new traffic artery. In this paper will show specified in work in the environmental impact study for City ring road.
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Geographical clustering, in the way of economic-geographical polarisation, represents regular and positive process of development of human society. These processes are characterized by stressed intensity, together with relatively short time dimension at the territory of Serbia. Extreme recent ecological polarisation is the main consequence of this type of recomposition of economic-geographical elements in the territory of Serbia. At the one hand, athropogenic or socio-economic areas (locations, axis and crossroads of development) are formed, together with the numerous ecological problems as developing barriers, while at the other hand are teritories of economic- geographical stagnation also with satisfying quality of basic natural resources and environmental condition. These differences generates and permanently increases their spatial, resourcal and ecological interdependance.
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According to data of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel for Climatic Change), the global surface air temperature increased to 0,6 ± 0,2 °C in the 20th century. Weber G. R., (1995) quotes that there is a trend of cold in the last 60 years in the middle latitudes including Europe, too. Starting from already mentioned perplexities we have tried to perceive the problem of climate variability in Serbia in the second half of the 20th century, when it came to very important increasing of concentration of CO2. With that aim we observed the decade values of average annual temperatures in the network of 20 climatic stations. In the period 1951 - 1990 a decrease of temperature was registered in 13 stations while in other stations an increase was less than 0,1 °C. Explorers from Bulgaria (Аlexandrov V., 2000) and Hungary (Domonkos P., Zoboki J., 2000) came to similar results, too. However, if we take in account the last decade 20th century the number of stations with positive changes is enlarged on 15. Stations that have small changes and those with decrease of temperature were localized in the south and south - eastern part of the country, and they are mainly coincided with before separated climatic regions with maritime pluviometric regime (Radovanovic M., 2001). Using Dzerdzevskis B. L., (1975) division on three main types of circulation in the north hemisphere, we found that the increase of temperatures in the last decade 20th century is above all caused by change of dominant type of circulation from the south meridian to zonal. An analysis of seasonal changes showed that in the last five decades 20th century it came to decrease of winter temperatures in almost half of the stations in contrast with results of paleoclimatics models of posible greenhouse effect.
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This paper deals with basic natural values and features of the Prokletije range and points out the need for their active protection. Their value is that of natural treasure according to all criteria. They are a priceless contribution to science, culture, education, art and tourism. Therefore, it is important to preserve them and protect them as a national park.
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Considering the prevailance of the location and estetic composition of the landscape and the appearance of the Cer area it is exeptional mountain range in the north-west Serbia. This is the area of atractive natural heritage and very important cultural characteristics. The mountain has very various geological structure with dinamic morphogenezis and jogged relief. Cer mountain is characteristics because of the natural resources and variousity of flora and fauna, complexity of fitocenozes and ecosistems. Cer mountain is not yet proclaimed for national park althought all this facts. Protection of the mountain wil induce the development of ecotourism. Specialy valuable quality of the Cer mountain is very good coditions for sustainable development of various forms of ecotourism.
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Environment and tourism perform indivisible totality. Contemporary tourism demands important areas of original or well protected environment, because only on this areas can be develops planned and brings economic and social advantages to domicile population (receptive) and to tourists (initiative). Science and practice for needs of tourism considers line of positive relations toward environment, because some of her elements are special tourist values. For needs of tourism is underlines need of acception principles of active protection environment, because it is always better to plan, than to reclaim negative effects.
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The system model of the environment represents the concept fitting into the integral space organization of urban system. This work deals with a partial analysis of the existing conditions in Banjaluka, with valuable and less valuable components and with endangered and less endangered areas described. The concept of viable development of the town and the improvement of the environment represent the foundation of the strategy of integral development of the town, the immediate goals being the balance of short- and long-term aims of social development. The investments in the protection of environment show immediately positive financial effects at viable (coordinated) development.
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Forests of the Raska region are the most important natural, as well as one of the most significant economy resources of this part of Serbia. The significant afforestation of the region 40,3 and the preservation of forest ecosystems meet the needs of polifunctional utilization of forests. The forests on the territories of Nova Varos, Priboj, Prijepolje, are the most valuable economically, and the increment growth of wood volume in them is over ,or in the percentage for Serbia. Forests protection and improvement in the Raska region, is the task not only of forestry, but of a series of other actions, connected directly or indirectly with this natural resource.
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The work deals with determination of location of landfills according to geomorphological processes and forms which have basic and primary importance. The influence of fluvial and karst forms which occupy the greatest areas in the country was explained. The certain forms (flood plains and polje) was ascribed the eliminatory importance because they have the great dispersity. At the end of the work the economic consequences of locating of landfills on the certain forms and matrix of suitability are explained.
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The influence of the man on the city atmosphere and climate is manifested in the change of the values of all the climatic elements. Since from the beginning of the 19th century, it is cosidered that the climatic influence of the urbanization is most clearly manifested in the air temperature. To be more precise, all cities, big and small, have a higher air temperature than their immediate surroundings. And so, a urban heat island is being formed. That goes for Belgrade too. The intensity and the proportions of this phenomenon are changing within time and space. Precisely this problem is being discussed in this paper.
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Novopazarska banja (spa) is situated in the southwestern of Serbia, on 3 km of Novi Pazar,in near surrounding of the Izbicka reka (river) and it belongs to the Rogozna massif. The basic further development of Novopazarska banja is founded on proper using taking care and promoting of natural resorts. The termomineral waters and climate are the fundamental principals of its therapy which is acknowledged by the official medicine and is considered important for curing and rehabilitation of patients.
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The Great ice-cellar on Devica and the ice-cellars of Rtanj and Tupižnica are karst pits of the Karpathobalkan mountain system of the Eastern Serbia. These are specific speleological objects with the static ice-cellar characteristics and that implies the permanent retaining of the cold pit air without any circulation and also periodical duration of ice and snow. The climatic features of these pits are conditioned by their morphological characteristics and by the mountain climate. Our speleoclimatic explorations have pointed out to some smaller daily and somewhat bigger annual swayings of pit air temperature. These annual swayings influence the appearance and melting of ice and the absence of the air circulation between the pit and the outside in the warmer part of the year, while during the winter this circulation is present. Morphologically, these ice-cellars belong to the type of common oblique pits, while morphogenetically they are of tectonic-karst base.
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During last few decades the phenomenon of global warming up of the atmosphere is discovered. It is also concluded that the climate in cities changes, the main result of what is the higher air temperature, the heat island within the places with cold weather. This happens also in Belgrade. There are many reasons for this phenomenon, but the anthropogenic production of energy is considered to be one of the main factors for the rise of temperature. The aim of this work is to define anthropogenic sources of heat in Belgrade and to reckon the quantity of heat they emit as additional sources in relation to the sun.
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