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The paper gives a bold outline of the interwar Bulgarian psychoanalytical interpretation of literature. The author of this study strives to fill in the shortages and gaps made by the researchers until now and concentrates on the contribution of some forgotten or little-known names. The research results maintain that these Bulgarian psychoanalysts share the common striving to use the doctrine equally as science and as hermeneutics.
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The author addresses an important subject matter of raising the young generation ina spirit of tolerance, respect for the other person’s right to being other. She indicates how a Polish langugage class can teach dialogue and open young people to other cultures, and prepare them to live an active and effective life in multicultural reality. In her view, Polish‑Jewish relations, reflected in literary works of Polish, Polish‑Jewish and Jewish writers, can provide a valuable teaching material. She notices that Polish literature is not a source of exclusively negative stereotypes. On the contrary, Jewish people are portrayed in a warm, sympathetic and oftentimes friendly manner. Yet, as the author emphasizes, the Polish literary tradition will not help familiarize the Jewish culture. Therefore, she suggests including in Polish language and literature classes texts of such authors as for instance Isaac Bashevis Singer and proposes specific didactic solutions (working on Singer’s texts by flipped clasroom method).
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The article deals with the problem of overcoming a social and political division of the Ukrainian society by region, ethnicity and language. Having intensified during the years of its independence, the existing social and political division of the Ukrainian society suggests that the government's ethnic and national policy is ineffective, points to a segmental awareness of individuality and a conflict of interests of social and political groups, a stronger institutional representation etc. Today, the political elite fails to utilize the nation-consolidating potential and often ignores the objective of social, political and national consolidation of the society, enhances the imbalances in the system of values and standards, exacerbates interethnic relationships. In contemporary conditions, Ukrainian citizens from different regions have a different understanding of the past and the future development of their country, give preference to different political and geopolitical vectors. That Ukraine did not have statehood has made more complicated the evolution of sustainable national identification factors of the Ukrainian society, ultimately limited the natural development of interethnic and intergovernmental relationships and their impact on the formation of a nation, conditioned peculiar types of regional identity to a great degree. Remaining immature in most regions, the ethnic foundation of the national identity prevents the Ukrainian political nation from consolidation.It has been substantiated that the social and political division may, if escalated, provoke a nation's breakup which has two aspects – external (lack of the nation's unity is caused by certain geopolitical factors, interference of other countries or organizations in the constitution of the nation) and internal (by historical, cultural, religious, language-related, mental and other factors). Today, the breakup between the west and and east can be witnessed in Ukraine as it correlates with language-related and geopolitical reference points of Ukrainian citizens.The current social and political division of the Ukrainian society has been strengthened by internal political factors such as inferior public governance, ethnic and political management has failed to eliminate discontent of both the title ethnos and national minorities by developing their national cultures, and they have an increasing sense of neglect and humiliation. Unfortunately, most political solutions, official documents and declarations intended to promote national consolidation fail to achieve their functions and are of formal nature in that they fail to assist in overcoming regional disproportions and disintegration of the regions. Today, the ethnic and regional division is also based on the language because lingual conduct is the most prominent factor of regional differentiation. A further development of these tendencies poses a threat of having the existing ethnic and cultural differences between the regions transform themselves into an institutionalized territorial and political demarcation. When forming a language policy, the state should proceed from that the problem of protection of national minorities' languages should not threaten the national identity and national consolidation of Ukraine. This condition should be of top priority in the society that has set out for national consolidation instead of a breakup of the nation. It is improper and useless to treat national minorities' languages as an aspect of their 'survival'.It has been demonstrated that the social and political division of the Ukrainian society is also strengthened by external political factors such as the policy of Russia, which creates social and political organizations that raise territory claims against Ukraine; uses the dominant position of the Russian satellite and broadcast television in southern and eastern oblasts of Ukraine to reinforce pro-Russian sentiment among the population of these regions; promotes a negative attitude to the EU and NATO; creates centers of tensions over language-related and national issues, makes military intervention etc. Introduction of dual citizenship also has negative effects such as the exacerbation of interethnic relation-ships, a shift in the national identity or promotion of dual national identity.For national consolidation, it is crucial today to create a new system of values of the Ukrainian society, a nationwide idea which can consolidate the Ukrainian society. Of course, it is both unreasonable and ineffective to treat an individual factor as primary to national consolidation because national consolidation is a comprehensive and systemic process. National consolidation should be primarily founded on spiritual, social and moral values.The Ukrainian society can consolidate provided there is ethnic, social and national consensus – an agreement between policy actors on national matters based on fundamental values and standards that are common to all main-stream social and political groups of the society. National consolidation may evolve top down and vice versa, bottom up, as initiated by the people in the context of a developed civil society. During national consolidation of the contemporary Ukrainian society, it is important to create conditions for the establishment of institutions of political power and civil society which can maintain territorial integrity and unity of the country and guarantee its sustainable development.The consolidation of the Ukrainian society requires a number of transformations in the humanitarian area. These include developing integrative humanitarian policy intended to create a single political nation, the national identity; creating a single information space; resolving the language issue; reinforcing community ties between Russian- and Ukrainian-speaking regions. It is only when and if all internal and external political factors of the national consolidation of the Ukrainian society are taken into account comprehensively that an effective national strategy of consolidation can be developed and a sustainable development of nation building can be secured.
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What we may call “public art” in Turkey starts with the establishment of the Turkish Republic itself. Mostly, it is associated with monuments and sculptures in public spaces in the modernising urban environment within the newly founded secular state that brought changes not only to the way of life and its dynamics, but also to the entire system of values and the aesthetics of space. The most popular public space, the square, altered completely its function and vision: from being entirely the domain of men enclosed between the mosque, the bazaar, and the coffee-house, to becoming the vital point of the new Europeanised Turkish cities highlighting thus the national identity and memory, and the new political order. This brief survey focuses on the different approaches to public spaces in Turkey and to public works of art, which are more than just ideological instruments of power. The study of this situation in a society that is concerned with its own identity appears as one of the most important issues of contemporary public art in Turkey. On the other hand, public art raises awareness about the value of art in public dialogue, and helps bring forward new interpretations and artistic quests.
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At the beginning of the 20th century, Paris was the home of art, the intellectual capital of Europe, and the scene of the art of living. Among the many foreign artists and writers, Bulgarians formed an important colony. For these young artists who landed in the French capital, it was synonymous with celebration and freedom. The attractiveness of Paris, its cosmopolitanism, and the special place the City of Light occupied in Bulgarian imagination played the role of a catalyst for their creative talent. Their wanderings served as a bridge between the East and the West of a Europe, which had always been both united and torn between its centres and peripheries. Fascinated, dazzled, hypnotised by the brilliance of Paris as well as by its decay, Bulgarian writers lived the quest for identity – literary, existential, human – whose meanderings have been examined in this article.
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This article explores the opposition between concepts of ‘emigre literature’ and ‘migration literature’. The first has a deeply rooted tradition in nineteenth and twentieth-century Polish literature. The Poles’ migrations today are typical of global culture. And yet, some clusters of issues are shared across the board, such as the attention to cultural difference.
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The case of Salman Rushdie’s Satanic Verses allows Taperek to show how the cultural image of the migrant is constructed around notions of the monstrous and demonic. Discourses on the migrant show striking similarities with discourses on the monstrous in cultural practice and language. Drawing on postcolonial theory and deconstruction, Taperek analyses ways of representing the bodies and cultural identity of migrants in the literary text as well as in related visual representations. The ‘monstralization’ of the Other that results from the atavistic fear of the unknown is inscribed into the context of the current migrant crisis.
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Tabaszewska reads Svetlana Alexievich’s reportage works as affective texts that alter the conditions of how the world of Events is experienced and perceived. With a conceptual framework inspired by Lauren Berlant, Jill Bennett, Astrid Erll and others, Tabaszewska highlights those aspects of Alexievich’s works that indicate their affective, emotional, bodily and somatic character. These works of reportage are also read as an attempt to create a new form of remembering these previously marginalized Events that any given society must internalize and then work through.
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The article analyzes the consequences of the reductionist application of criteria typical of the natural, mainly laboratory sciences, in the process of evaluation of the results of the work of researchers and institutions in all the other scientific disciplines, mainly in the field of social sciences and humanities, in the Republic of Serbia. As an example of this trend, the analysis focuses on the absurd criteria, currently in effect, for the conducting of PhD studies in the field of social sciences and humanities, which exclude the scientific books written by lecturers and only value articles published in journals. After this, the ignorance, misapprehensions, logical fallacies and interests which might be behind these criteria are analyzed. Special attention in the analysis is given to the reduction of global to fundamental. It is concluded that the application of the criteria currently in effect leads to the loss of interpretative sovereignty, which occurs when institutions, authors, referees and editors who are highly competent experts in regional and national issues are sacrificed in favor of foreign owners, institutions, authors, referees and editors that, by and large, possess less competence and expertise in regional and national issues, and have non-scientific interests and loyalties which don’t necessarily coincide with the interests of Serbian citizens. Finally, the consequences of the ongoing ethnocidal renunciation of scientific interpretative sovereignty are considered, especially the relinquishing of interpretations of history, identity and interconnected cultural issues and social problems to nonscientific discourses in Serbian society. Discourses which inevitably fill the empty room left in the public sphere by the ever-faster extinguishing of journals and publications in Serbian and the languages of ethnic minorities.
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This text analyses the arguments for and against shame penalties. A key reason why shame penalties seem unacceptable is their incompatibility with the right to dignity inherent to every human being: whereas guilt focuses only on the act, shame stigmatizes the whole person. The concept of ‘primitive shame’ reveals how the rationales behind the alleged moralism of shame penalties are driven by the narcissistic rage.
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This article outlines the state of research on dreams and dreaming. Windt proposes a new structure to describe conscious experiences while dreaming. Building on methodological and theoretical achievements in the natural sciences as well as philosophy, she indicates new directions for the development of a philosophical theory of dreaming and related concepts of dreaming, wakefulness and consciousness. Windt discusses the phenomenology of dreaming as well as the relations between the sleeping physical body and the sleeping ‘I’. This allows her to explore alternative states of consciousness and their relationship to dreams and dreaming.
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The article presents the first study of the image of perception of the Russian Far East emigrants in the Chinese literature of 1920-1940. Ethnic, political, sociocultural attitude of the Chinese writers of "the latest time", their personal experience of interethnic contacts found reflection in these images. The stories, which have not been earlier translated into Russian served as material of a research (Xiao Hong The sorrow of Sofia, Jue Qing Harbin) and works of Qu Qiubai and Ding Ling.
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Russian Old Believers, of which two groups (Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Michigan and Oregon-Alaska) are located in the United States, defend themselves before denationalization primarily by religion. Religion closely related to the culture and mores through a worldview not divide reality into sacred and profane, helping the next generation of Slavic newcomers not to drown in the ocean of US-globalization. They have cerate various strategies to protect their identity. Since the eighties of the twentieth century, US policy favors the protection of national and ethnic minorities. Model of bilingual school and bicultural encourages using by the state education extending the time of education more than typical for the Old Believers model of eight years of basic education, supplemented by vocational education. America is therefore currently less dangerous to the spiritual world of Russian Old Believers, which in the sphere of household appliances has always been friendly, which was the main reason of emigration to the USA.
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To what extent is it possible, in the humanities, to frame research in terms of pre-textual and non-textual ways of reading? Following the textual turn, which is mostly associated with semiotics as well as descriptive and interpretive orientations, ethnography is returning to more source-based and immediate endeavours. This is, however, a return to very demanding and uncertain methods, which are only now being examined, unearthed and tested. They emerged against the backdrop of the ontological turn in contemporary anthropology and the practical and action-based turn in the social sciences. In the research team that I direct, we are developing a definition of a creative ethnography that has the potential to create openings; although linked to the anthropology of art, it is also able to propose new languages and ways of grasping cultural facts. Thus I aim to outline a possible path for anthropology, where its unique ‘developmental cycle’ parallels the ontological turn and the action-based turn. A particularly important role in this development falls to the artistic experiment as a way of creating a new field of research and of reaching towards unforeseeable research situations.
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This article deals with images ‘after the human’. This expression refers not only to the material disappearance or conceptual displacement of the individual into the distant future, but also to the presentation of that disappearance here and now. Artistic (re) presentations of how the world as we know it vanishes, often described as ‘ruin porn’, have predecessors in Romantic landscape paintings or works such as Joseph Gandy’s Rotunda, which shows the Bank of England in ruins. At the same time, however, this visual practice has acquired a new modulation in the present – also called the anthropocene – as the global economic crisis and climate change became particularly intense. Żylińska broadens the time scale beyond human history in order to question the political and aesthetic frameworks through which we view and understand ourselves as humans. She also tries to imagine a post-neoliberal world.
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Neuger explores how local terms in Wisława Szymborska’s poetry are translated into English (by Stanisław Barańczak and Clare Cavanagh) and Swedish (Anders Bodegård). Problematic aspects include proper nouns (such as Zabierzów in the poem ‘A Tale Begun’ or the shoes from Chełmek in ‘Stage Fright’), the names of Polish dishes and culinary customs, as well as family relationships (the Swedish translator must decide if the grandma in Zabierzow is a maternal or a paternal grandmother).
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