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Gender socialization is key for understanding how genderrelated attitudes become internalized. This paper sheds lights into the gender socialization process and how it is reflected across the four traditional social institutions of family, church, school and mass-media. It advances the argument that gender stereotypes which continue to be enforced across centuries are power-driven social representations for limiting women’ access rights across all social institutions.
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The contemporary Western religiosity is marked by the effects of secularization. The results of a qualitative research having as subjects sociology students from Brasov indicate their explicit statements of belonging to Christianity and their acceptance of the effectiveness of pagan practices in evil eye treatment. Conjugation of these positionings requires a broader understanding of religiosity than in the case of dogmatic Christianity. The faith options for the students are tributary to the pre-Christian representation of the world, perennial in the Romanian cultural space.
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The content of this paper is developing a field research from the 70s of XX century. „Olt Country” localities are known by the traditional, historical, geographical and administrative names. The tradition was preserved using nicknames showing the inhabitants mentality, psychology, customs and occupations. Under certain conditions, besides the official name of the village, these nicknames evolved into the traditional village name.
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Batman is one of the oldest and one of the most popular superheroes, what makes him veryinteresting object to analyze. This thesis intends to show how the Dark Knight was portrayed in thedifferent kind of mass media, paying special attention to his images. The aim of this analysis is toprove that in comic books, tv series and movies, writers, artists and directors presented Batman invarious ways. What is important is the fact that everyone of them derived from the same Batmanstories, characters and adventures. The key, however, is the time, when these pieces of work were created, because the popculture was and still is changing. The significant point is that this characteris the heart of the largest universe, which has developed around him for almost eighty years. Stillwe are witnesses of new stories, what makes the Dark Knight the most profitable superhero.
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This “anthropological report” investigates a phenomenon which has not so far been analyzed but which seems by all means worthy of attention of the Warsaw culture researcher. The authentic figure of Black Roman is presented in the context of urban legends and contemporary mythological practices. It appears to emerge at the intersection of the Internet cultures and real urban space.
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The Latin term "sigillum confessionis" in Еnglisch - "seal of confession", in German "Beichtgeheimnis", in the tradition of the Roman Catholic Church, means the absolute secrecy obligation of the clergyman over all the information entrusted to him in the sacra-ment of confession. In the development of the Christian repentance system, in the course of the Middle Ages the individual "ear confession" became the prevailing form of confession. The "confessor" received an extraordinary authority for the spiritual guidance of the "confessional child". As confessors of princes in Catholic Europe, members of the Jesuit Order have also had a very great political influence since the Counter-Reformation. There were charismatic personalities among them - their influence on politics without public control, however, caused reactions of strong criticism. In the nineteenth century the Catho-lic confessional practice once again reached a climax. As the most ancient form of human right to privacy, the secrecy of confession is important to the present.
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The aim of the article. The focus of cultural studies on language and cultural identity has a decisive influence on the formation of identity and its coexistence in the environment. In its turn, the culture can be studied as a system of values that are formed during communication in which language as cultural sign system is used as a means of communication. The methodology of the work is to use such techniques of the research as the study, analysis and synthesis in order to reveal the assumption about the similarity of languages to a closed-looped system. The research tries to prove that languages are what we might call the first science, which mankind have been studying. During a certain period of time people accumulate a huge stock of knowledge through communication, learn about the dynamics of the ecosystems, in which they coexist with local plants and animals. Scientific novelty of the research is to expand the relationship between the notions "culture" – "language" – "communication" as a form of consciousness that reflects a person's world, being the form of the human material and spiritual culture realization. Conclusion. Languages always realize through individuals "tied" to a particular area, the language and the territory being connected. Native speakers also always depend on the cultural context. As for example, different languages may include grammatical information about social status of the person.
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The review of: Malakanlar (Rus Köylü Hareketlerinden Günümüze Malakan İnancı) 2013 by Çakır Ceyhan Süvari; Ankara: Ütopya Yayınevi. ISBN : 9786055580438, 144 pages
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The paper presents the violin-shaped idols from Shtoj, Rakića Kuće and Apollonia that date to the beginning of the Bronze Age in the area of the southern Adria. A relationship is indicated between the appearance of these idols and the abstract-schematic forms of the Early Cycladic period. Further, the question of contacts between the study area and the Pit-grave culture of the steppe region, with its local derivatives in the eastern Balkans, is discussed. To this end, the emergence of the pit graves under tumuli in the area of the Adria, in which the idols were discovered, is also considered. The links with the Aegean and the eastern Balkans, including several reliable radiocarbon dates that fit within the local framework, offer for the first time the possibility of placing the beginning of the Adriatic Bronze Age in the context of cultural advancements of the first centuries of the 3rd millennium BC. At the same time, it represents the first age determination for this period based on definite indicators of the absolute chronology. The emergence of tumuli and violin idols, as well as rich “princely” graves is an explicit reflection of the important cultural innovations that mark the final break with the former Neolithic traditions. That makes the southern Adriatic, above all the coastal areas of present-day Montenegro and northern Albania, the initial center of the development of the Adriatic Bronze Age.
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Tekst jest próbą zastosowania analizy psychopatologicznej rodem z psychiatrii do zrozumienia zjawisk współczesnych ceremonii i rytuałów obecnych w naszym codziennym życiu. Pojęcie obrzędów przejścia jest bardzo przydatne w dociekaniach antropologicznych jak i psychopatologicznych. Ceremonie weselne, demonstracje uliczne tak jak i islamistyczne zamachy terrorystyczne zawierają różnorakie elementy ze sfery afektywnej.
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In the article the ecological factor which influence on the creation of favorable environment and optimum micro-climate for work and life indoors particularly in the offices are considered. The causes and factors of the emergence of unfavorable conditions for work and health of human being, are found out. The classification of negative indoor factors is adduced. The designation of negative health consequences, caused by negative aforementioned factors, is added as well. In the article author also suggests some ideas how to eliminate these factors and ways how to adapt existing premises to ecological and sanitary requirements.Normal activities are ensured by the optimal combination of existing climatic, physical, chemical and other environmental factors, depending on the level of each factor impact separately on the body. The spaces where a person is staying the whole working day, make the main contribution of the loading on the human organism and affect man’s working capacity. In the air of office premises you can find a huge number of substances (up to 900 connections).The protection from the negative effects of dirty air, noises, electromagnetic radiation is the main task in designing object-spatial environment. Among the most negative environmental indicators of the internal environment are cli-mate, air pollution (chemical and biological), physical impact, air ion deficit, electromagnetic fields, light keeper mode. Microclimate is formed as a result of the external environment impact, the peculiarities of the building, structural system, systems of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning. The main factors in the calculation of indoor climate are adaptive and physiological possibilities of the human organism. The neglect of even one of parameters leads to the ab-sence of the desired effect.The recent researches show that the main source of chemical pollution of the internal office environment are toxic substances released from building and materials into the atmosphere of the room. In particular, a significant threat for human health and the environment is the degradation of polymeric materials and plastic products.The most part of all residential and public buildings have a constant air exchange with the external environment, the ecological condition of the internal office environment, closely linked with the environmental situation near the building. It is found out that approximately 30% in the air of substances and chemical compounds penetrate into the room from outside.One of the most important factors affecting the comfort and health of a person in a closed room is an excess of positive ions of air and lack of light negative ions. This is especially actual in areas where you use the plastic and composite materials, with abundance of electronic office equipment in dusty and polluted buildings. According to domestic and foreign scientific thought, negative air ions have a normalizing effect on blood converting ability, many metabolic processes, and other.The harmful physical impacts include acoustic noise, vibration, light regime, electro-magnetic radiation. One of the es-sential factors determining the comfort of staying indoors, is favorable noise mode. The sources of sound pollution in premises (internal noise) are telephone conversations of employees, office equipment, sanitary-engineering, material handling and other technical devices. Sources of ambient noise in rooms can be a construction work near residential buildings and in the main traffic flows (automobile, railway and air), as well as industrial enterprises. Negative affect of the sound may cause irritation, turning into psycho-emotional stress, which can lead to mental and physical pathological changes in the human body.Electromagnetic pollution of populated areas has become so significant that who has included this issue in a number of the most actual life. Currently, there are a lot of different sources of electromagnetic fields located outside residential and public buildings (power lines, stations of satellite communication, radio installation, broadcasting centers, open switching, transport and so on) and indoor (computers, cellular and cordless phones, pagers, household microwave ovens and others) Almost any working place in office is equipped by a computer and other office equipment. In this regard, the technogenic electromagnetic fields in the workplace have increased. The problem is complicated by the fact that most of the structures detained natural geomagnetic field of the earth that is conducive to human health.The AMY solution are the measures for protection and insulation of electric cables, wires, wires with modern designs of floors and ceilings.The light mode is the most important environmental factor influencing human and biota in general, the adaptive processes, phenomena and viability for a person especially valuable biologically full of natural light, as in direct sunlight, or in dispersed form. Adequate lighting leads to enlargement of productivity managerial work, incidence, reduces errors, and increases the accuracy of execution of tasks.In connection with the determination of air quality, reduced its transparency, dense multi-storey buildings cities reduce the access of natural light inside the buildings. A shortage of natural light and ultraviolet radiation lead glass aperture (delay of light in an average of 45%), pollution glasses (delay of light by 50-70%), opposing the building, the windows orientation on the North and etc.
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Research intention of this paper is to define the influence of the postmodern paradigm on the social sciences. Тhe main point of paper is that postmodernism has to be treated as an unavoidable conceptual location in the modern understanding of the social sciences. Multidimensional and multidisciplinary penetration of postmodernism in the established modernist (scientific) circles has eclectic, not syncretic, nature. I think that such constellation is more grammar of “postmodernization of science” process, than the grammar of “scientification of postmodernism” process. Concluding remarks are going to point the foundation of a political as a continuous changeable narrative of symbolic horizon, which justify the use of power, not in postfoundational but in the postmodern sense.
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Instytucję małżeństwa w Japonii regulują Konstytucja Japonii oraz ustawy szczegółowe. W tych aktach prawnych możemy znaleźć przepisy prawne, które określają warunki, jakie spełnić muszą nupturienci, aby zawrzeć związek małżeński. Liczne badania statystyczne dotyczące małżeństwa prowadzone przez organizacje rządowe wskazują na ewolucję tejże instytucji w Japonii. Analizując wyniki badań statystycznych, można stwierdzić, że zmianie ulegają wszystkie możliwe parametry oscylujące wokół pojęcia małżeństwa. Japoński rząd za pomocą programu „Abenomika” próbuje zachęcić kobiety do podjęcia pracy, ale ma im również ułatwić pogodzenie jej z rolą matki.
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The author aims to develop Karol Wojtyła’s conception of ‘lived experience’ expounded in his book The Acting Person. The author holds that an experience that is ‘lived through’ engages the entire psychological structure of the person and is triggered by external circumstances. ‘Living through’ one’s experiences is a mark of the human being, it points to the ontological status of the human person, and to the fact that, in her actions, she necessarily refers to the sphere of values. It also enables the human person to comprehend the world, to comprehend herself as well as the other human beings, thus making their lives her own. The sphere of ‘lived experience’ also provides the ‘space’ for the manifestations of conscience. As a theoretical insight, the category of ‘lived experience’ is significant in that it makes it possible to show the non-contradiction between the subjective and the objective faculties of the person, as well as between the person’s adherence to truth and her freedom.
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The thesis grounds that the laws of aesthetic and technology more and more influence the design and promotion of fashion products concerning the quality of mass consumption product, the economic laws, marketing and management in particular, have their more evident impact on them, all this creates a positive environment in the fashion industry for transnational concerns and corporations to strengthen their positions.Analyzing the main historic stages of fashion formation as an industry, it is important to say that the beginning of the XX century, on the one hand, the globalization processes were absent in its development in the world culture and economy, on the other hand, the common fashion tendencies of culture and art development (with insignificant variations) dominated. The development of fashion product manufacturing in mass volume and the world universality of fashion tendencies resulted in informational structure development and total globalization of the world community at the middle of XX century.This is the very period for a split into two separate lines of fashion industry subjects’ activity, which, nevertheless, are developed in a close interaction and supplement one another to satisfy consumer needs for fashion products completely. These lines are typically called "haute couture" and "prêt-a-porte". Characterizing these lines by functional feature, one can admit that these are individual fashion samples designed on a high society demand (in various senses of the term), and fashion clothes of mass production for a mass consumer.In the history of fashion industry development, the 1990s were marked by prevalence of the so-called pluralistic tendencies that leveled the fashion supremacy of one or some correlated actual styles and fashion trends. Besides, engaged in fashion product design, the fashion industry subjects’ growing needs of profits and consumers’ needs in expression of their own ambitions have caused a drastic shortening of fashion product life, a fast integration and spread of fashion innovations due to the mass media sources.The same principles of development, namely, the split of one modern standard into numerous fashion tendencies are observed in many other fields of fashion product market development in this period.By the end of XX century in the fashion industry a term "100 per cent marketing product" came into use, based on cause effect relationship; it means that, as a rule, the over price of a produced fashion sample is explained by a degree of trend mark or designer brand popularity among mass consumers (that more and more depends on aggressiveness of advertising or PR policies of the products) and not by its quality (that decreases rapidly because of the fast moral wear of fashion product).It is impossible to forecast the way the short-term or long-term tendencies of fashion industry development will be and the way they will reflect on fashion creators’ art project activity, the one definite thing is that fashion products, including fashion clothes, accessories, accompanying products and services always bring profit to their producers, conquer new mass sales markets and spheres of consumers’ lives.Moreover, the consolidation of fashion industry subjects remains the major tendency of development, influencing its functioning directly. Large transnational corporations extend the spheres of their influence constantly, forming the fashion industry infrastructure globally this way and facilitating the separation of fashion market segments, and eliminating a competition in fashion business as such.Besides its typical function of promoting fashion products and services onto mass market, at the current stage of development the advertising of the fashion industry has acquired one more important to the fashion process participants function of consumers’ tastes modeling, formation of certain fashion tendencies and stipulating the need in fashion innovations.In other words, fashion products exposed for sale in shops, possessing the high status qualities, acquire a value of cult products in customer’s eyes, meaning a fusion of the mass culture characteristics with mass consumption.The article analyses the fact that the fashion process participants’ behavior is directed not only to mass consumption of fashion industry products, but also to the formation of contemporary art and general culture distinctive features, to a sensitivity to art and aesthetic education of a mass consumer.It follows from this, that a total globalization of society, which becomes stronger every day, contributes not only to culture direct impact on tendencies of contemporary fashion development, creation and spreading of fashion standards, but it also participates in the fashion products design process, universal for different segments of fashion market, regional markets first of all.All the named preconditions (technology, economic and cultures ones) of mass consumption society establishment have led to the fact that high society representatives, who were the only bearers and consumers of modern samples and art innovations before, turned out to be involved in the process of mass consumption because they had to find out and try constantly different fashion innovations to demonstrate their status and social position.On the basis of the mentioned above arguments and facts, the article has outlined characteristics and comparison analysis of principles of fashion clothes industry formation in the context of modern mass consumption society establishment, as well as the definition of the criteria of mutual influence and cause effect basis of evolution of these definitions in the modern society subjects’ consciousness.To sum it up, the thesis concludes that a fashion industry birth and development are closely connected with mass consumption society establishment in the XX century.
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Sarajevo assassination and the assassinator Gavrilo Princip have been a subject of a host of artistic pieces including pieces of literature, art, theatre and music for a hundred of years. In this paper, the author investigates the manner in which a great historical topic has affected literature i.e. in what way have the assassination and the participants, led by Gavrilo Princip, been interpreted in literature. The paper further investigates the manner in which, within those interpretations, the historical and literary discourses have been interlaced. This paper is intended to draw attention to divergent perception of Sarajevo assassination and the assassinator Gavrilo Princip within Serbian literature and what are the effects of the event in literature in different social - historical contexts. Finally, we are reaching a conclusion that pieces related to this subject are divided into two groups: on one side there are authors who have used literature as a medium for projection and establishment of what they consider historic truth and, on the other side, there are pieces of literature which have been inspired by that historic event but have kept aesthetic - moral dignity by not becoming a servant of any ideology.
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In this paper an attempt is made to estimate the number of figurines which were in "use" in households of the Late Neolithic Vinča culture. The number of accumulated figurines and houses is used as a starting point. Given the complexities of the settlement dynamic, figurine use and the formation processes of the archaeological record, the ratio of the number of accumulated of figurines to the number of accumulated houses is only an indirect reflection of the systemic number of figurines. Different figurine use scenarios are evaluated in order to see what the result would be. Keeping in mind that the entire analytical procedure is highly speculative and the range of tested models is far from exhaustive, the results suggest that scenarios resting on the assumption that there was a single figurine per household and that the average use-life of the figurine was equal to the average human generation length predict outcomes that are comparable to the actual archaeological situation.
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