Нови факти за живота на професор Симеон Демостенов (1886–1966)
Concise notes about life and work of professor Demostenov
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Concise notes about life and work of professor Demostenov
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This article considers the work of Thomas Piketty on inequality, with special emphasis on the reception of his ideas in the social sciences. First, a quantitative analysis of the works that cite Piketty’s most important publications examines the reception of Piketty in academic debates. Next, the critiques of Piketty from economics and sociology, two often opposed disciplines that have devoted the most attention to discussing Piketty, are considered. This article supplements existing critiques with additional suggestions that are relevant to both the scientific analysis of inequality and the process of imaging various reforms that could cope with the problem of inequality.
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In order to overcome the disadvantages of the existing two types of economic systems - the socialism and capitalism, there was a need to find a system that will use the positive aspects of both systems.Оne country succeeds more than successfully to combine bases of the centrally planned and market system.Socialism in the Chinese style, as it is called by Gregory and Stuart proved to be a successful practical example of the market socialism. After the implementation of China's reforms, they have kept a one-party system and state ownership, but have accepted the market allocation of resources. In the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, Chinese economy is voluntarily classified as a socialist market economy. That China is more than a successful example of market socialism, is shown by the remarkable growth rates and the unprecedented progress of the country in the last thirty years.Reforms have enabled the opening of China to foreign trade, which before 1978 was almost non-existent.After the establishment of the first diplomatic relations with the EU, in 1985 the Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation EEC and China was signed,which officially begins establishing bilateral trade relations. Special importance for the progress of trade relations is China's entry into WTO in 2001, and the signing of the strategic partnership of the EU and China in 2003. The volume of trade between the two economies is growing steadily, and the main characteristics of their trade relations is a continuous deficit which the EU has realized in the exchange with China. Although the European Union is the largest trading partner of China,and China is the second trading partner of the EU,differences and difficulties in the field of trade still exist.
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The purpose of this paper is to understand the relationship between increased levels of competition – facilitated by market liberalisation – and innovation performance in the context of the Russian vodka industry. Through this understanding this paper subsequently develops a series of innovation policy considerations for transitional economies. In order to achieve this, this paper reflects on the existing literature surrounding innovation performance and competition; as well as the development of the Russian economy more broadly.This paper finds that a state-controlled industry is capable of fostering innovation. However, once the presence of the state in an industry is reduced, innovation performance is enhanced. A recommendation is made that the state should not exhibit control beyond providing a legislative framework for competitiveness; where possible monopolies should be broken down; and private enterprise should be encouraged.A number of the world's large economies find themselves in a state of transition, as such the development of an innovation policy that will allow transitional economies to realise their innovation potential in a sustainable way is imperative to the success of their ongoing transition. The Russian Federation has endured significant economic transition since the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the Russian vodka industry has been a constant throughout, it is therefore an ideal case in examining the evolution of innovation in a transitional context.
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The aim of the article is to examine existing theories and concepts of formation of the labor costs and their relationship with wages , as well as their methodological basis.The basic approaches to the nature of the category “labor costs” that exist in economic theory and practice have been investigated. The ways of combining the approaches of the labor theory of value and utility theory to determine the mechanism of the formation of a specific commodity value “labor services” with a view to the interests and needs of both employees and employers have been analyzed. The components of labor coasts and their relationship with wages have been considered. The basic models of labor costs` valuation taking into account the possibility of its reimbursement on the social and individual basis have been analyzed.The results of investigation show that the wage is a key element of the approximate recovery of commodity “labor services” and, in spite of the importance of other payments, principal, and largely independent form of existing the price of labor costs. The main attention should be given to the system of state social security as are prescribed by law and state regulations which defines certain proportion for sale of labor services, among which is the basic minimum wage.
More...Društvene i političke perspektive danas
Author is discussing a problem of social justice by putting an emphasis on the complex relationship between democracy, capitalism and justice. The main idea explored in the article is that within conscious socio-political analysis that puts questions of the way of life and quality of life in its focus and relates these questions to class-based structural questions, the main dilemma is that between democracy or capitalism. Author offers an overview of contemporary debates related to this dilemma.
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This study aims to investigate the quantitative relationship between the level of production, actual income and consumption in Ukraine. For greater clarity, the individual figures are compared with data of other countries. The research based on a dual approach to the consideration of GDP as the market price of domestically produced goods and services in terms of income and expenses. This approach provides the possibility to produce consistent estimates of consumption of economic resources of the country, to study the structure of consumption in the context of separate institutional units.
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Although the prevailing crisis is directly connected to subprime lending, indirectly institutional and real economic causes lie in its background. In particular, income concentration is one of its most significant reasons. Although there was also significant economic inequality in the United States prior to the Great Depression of 1929, this economic phenomenon as an explanation for the crisis has emerged only in the very recent years. Nevertheless, there has been no agreement in the literature so far about what the real causes of the prevailing turbulent processes and the growing inequality could be. The aim of this paper is to provide insight into these controversies in order to make more understandable the hints and the conflicts in the literature. These controversies are placed in a framework of the creation and the dismantling of the New Deal.
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Adam Smith in Beijing is Giovanni Arrighi’s last work in a row, addressed by the author as a synthesis of all his previous researches. Thus, we must also see it as a sort of opus magnum, the source of which consists of two of his major studies: Chaos and Governance in the Modern World System and The Long Twentieth Century. Throughout his life, Arrighi was among those scholars, who sought to answer the question: is there a general tendency of economic and social convergence among the nations of the South and the North in the global capitalism, or what we see should be described rather as a great divergence. Given that the challenge to answer such a question is so great, the reader will never get the proper answer from Arrighi, despite his eff orts to draw a conclusion. Instead, what he does in the reviewed book, is that he provides a detailed insight into the working of the historical phenomenon of hegemony shift in a broader European context, combined with a comparative study of the inter-state system in the medieval Far-East. His argument in this regard is that there are two long-trajectories at the end of the 20th century, namely what Arrighi calls the parallel hegemonic decline of the United States and the emergence of China as the new hegemonic power. However Arrighi’s attempt to introduce China as an alternative source of power, the agent of the new non-capitalist world order, fails to be convincing. He himself discovers the challenge of the apologia that results from the possible misinterpretation of the contemporary shift in the world order, the conclusion of which is that the author needs to rebalance his argument in order to fi nd a more critical approach. In his fi nal comments, Arrighi successfully manages this rebalancing, but as a consequence, he fails to answer his original question. Hence, we recommend Adam Smith in Beijing as a rich book from the fi eld of international comparative social history
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Constantin Dobrogeanu Gherea est le plus cohérent des marxistes roumains. Ses nombreux écrits qui datent des aimées 1883-1920, qui comprennent des études sociologiques, des articles de presse et des brochures de propagande, sont rein terprétés dans une perspective qui se veut non-idéologique, qui ré fuse, autrement dit, et l'espérance propre à l'eschatologie marxiste, et la haine des adversaires du marxime. Cette nouvelle lecture de l'oeuvre de Gherea se propose de recon stituer le portrait intellectuel de l'auteur roumain. Elle a quatre repères princi paux: tout d'abord, elle refait la perception directe qu'avait Gherea de la réalité roumaine; ensuite, elle analyse la manière dont le paradygme marxiste modifie cette perception; en troisième lieu, elle s'attaque au problème du sens théorique du marxisme dans la vision de Gherea; finalement, l'étude analyse les projets de réforme sociale avancés par l'auteur roumain, en insistant sur la question du suffrage universel. En guise de conclusion, Je point de vue de Gherea surla révo lu ti on bol ch évique.
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The paper deals with the history of Polish revisionist Marxist political economy, which flourished between 1956 and 1968, mostly in the academic institutions of Warsaw. The fate of Polish revisionism in Marxist economics is presented in parallel to the intellectual biography of Włodzimierz Brus (one of its leaders) and the fate of the Faculty of Political Economy (Wydział Ekonomii Politycznej [WEP]), which he co-established at the University of Warsaw. The authors compare contemporary documents and existing analyses of the period with memories of Brus’s colleagues and students, collected decades after the events. The authors show that both the relative freedom of expression and academic research and the process of gradual closing of these possibilities were related to the changing balance of power within Party elites.
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The financial crisis brought about by the break down of the USA mortgage market has affected almost all economies of the world. Its consequences are very severe: they include bankruptcies of major investment banks, great losses by many companies of the financial (banks) and non-financial sectors (automobile and construction industry), reduction of the business activities, lay-offs, consumption cuts, and, in consequence, a drop in the GDP growth rates. It is estimated that the GDP growth rates for EU and USA in 2009 will be negative. The effects of the global crisis on Bosnia and Herzegovina, as in case of other transition economies, are indirect. There will be fewer opportunities for borrowing, and the debt costs will increase. Foreign investors will exhibit more restraint, and our exports and foreign currency inflow will decrease. The situation will be especially difficult in metal (aluminum and steel) and construction industry. The crisis will exacerbate the existing poor economic and social state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its impact may be softened by employing certain programs of assistance to exports, investments and agriculture. This paper provides some suggestions in that sense. It also offers lessons to be learnt from the current global crisis (as “opportunities”), and reminds of the interpretation of global crisis provided in the Capital by Marx, and the Lexicon of Economics.
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This article aims to discuss the dialectical relationship between Hegel and Marx, based on the Marxisthumanist thought of which Raya Dunayevskaya is the founder, through the concept of "alienated labor", which is one of the fundamental phenomena of Marxism. For Dunayevskaya, Marx's emphasis on humanism in Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, is directly linked to his discovery of the revolutionary aspect of the dialectics of negativity, which was at the heart of Hegel's absolute idealism. Thus, from the moment when workers' movements discover the dialectic of absolute negativity, they are transformed into freedom struggles capable of human self-determination. Thus, the dialectical law formulated by Hegel as the ‘negation of the negation’ is read by Marx as the first negative, the sublate of alienated labor. For Dunayevskaya, Marx is the only one who, unlike traditional Marxism, can save the Hegelian dialectic from its mystic aura by transforming it into a philosophy of liberation. For Dunayevskaya, the dialectical boundaries between Marx and Hegel are determined by the absolute negativity/ dialectic of negativity that Marx thinks he depts to Hegel.
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Although there is always a need for further development in business models and industrial organisations via gradual improvements in their operations including production activities, warehouse management and supply chain management, it is quite obvious that from the present rise in inflation, a gap between the employees and the employers has been observed in the automotive sector due to a lack of vocational training or vendor development programmes causing uncertain attributes. The study aimed to highlight the significance of vendor development programmes in the automotive sector along with hindering factors and uncover the impediments that do not allow the encouragement of vendor development programmes in the said industry in Pakistan. The methodology for this research is qualitative, which will take the best measures by collecting the data from the vendors, especially from the operations department as this department is having deep insight and core knowledge about the organisation. The study concluded that financial constraint is the major factor that limits vendor development programmes in the automotive industry of Pakistan.
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This article summarizes key concepts in Immanuel Wallerstein’s book ‘Historical Capitalism’ related to the role of the cultural dimension of individualism collectivism. These include the societal developments needed for the early formation of the labor market, the social construction of ethnical identities and the gradual assimilation of ‘peripheral’ regions into the capitalism’s labor force in order to counter the rise of labor income in countries of the ‘core’. According to the author, ‘traditional’ kinds of division of labor – between ethnic groups, family members and age horizontals are being intentionally brought to life to control the pace of proletization as quasi proletarian ways of living require only minimal labor wages. At the same time in the ideological realm capitalism’s development is usually presented as closely intertwined with modernism and science’s progress, opposed to ‘traditional’, non rational ways, but a number of ‘traditions’ can be shown to have actually co-emerged with historical capitalism and not pre-dated it. This process is accompanied by the instalment of an universalistic and individualistic progressivist world view among the ‘intelligentsia’ classes, fostering the belief in competition and meritocracy, which has to enable the peaceful functioning of the tightly interconnected global capitalist system. In other words, capitalism’s use of culture and ideology is a prerequisite for its spread and efficiency.
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A primary goal of education, especially higher education, is to provide students with the tools to think for themselves—that is, how to think, not what to think. The authors demonstrate that many theories have not stood the test of time. This includes views and beliefs such as rational choice theory, maximizing shareholder value, greed is good, what it takes to be a great leader, and many more. Therefore, it is essential to teach students not to accept what they are taught without deliberation. Questioning so-called facts is a good trait, and higher education should not be about blind acceptance or indoctrination.
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The article is dedicated to the socio-philosophical legacy of Friedrich von Hayek, one of the founders of neoliberalism and a representative of the Austrian School of Economics. In this regard, this text is an attempt to rethink Hayek's work in three main aspects: as an initiator of the return of liberalism to its ideological foundations from the Enlightenment, as an ideologue of neoliberalism and as a consistent critic of Keynesian capitalism and socialism. Here are some weaknesses in his teaching, both in terms of capitalism and in terms of social liberalism and socialism.
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