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Сведения за църковни вакъфи през XVIII в. в османски документи от фонда „Пископос калеми“

Author(s): Krasimira Moutafova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2018

Information about the Church vakafs in the 18th Century in Ottoman Documents from the Fund “Piskopos Kalemi”Abstract: The research is based on the yet unpublished Ottoman archive documents from the fund “Piskopos kalemi”, the earliest of which is from 1701 and the latest one is from 1777. In this rich archive fund of the Ottoman Archive in Istanbul at the General Directorate of State Archives in the Republic of Turkey are kept documents from the so called department Piskopos mukataas? kalemi (“The chancellery of the Bishop’s matters”) part of the defterhane called Piskopos halifesi kalemi in the 19th c. It addresses the various issues concerning Christian churches and keeps all documents concerning the Orthodox clergy, the Christian churches and monasteries. The information contained in the Patriarchal pleas (arzuhals) selected for the purpose of the study, compiled by the Patriarchs of Constantinople Kalinik II, Gavriil III, Jeremiah III, Paisios II; the Serbian Patriarchs Moses and Ioannikios III and the Ohrid Archbishop-Patriarch Joasaph II, concerning the collection of church taxes and fees, provide an opportunity for a research and real interference in the discussed Ottoman studies about the so called church vakafs. The comparative analysis of the available and newly translated sources from the fund “Piskopos kalemi” shows that the Christian vakafs most often turn into church vakafs.

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Світовий огляд пакувальних матеріалів для харчових продуктів на основі цеолітів

Author(s): Evgeniya Bondarenko,Valentyna Vashenko / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 11/2016

The paper studies the world experience of using zeolites in manufacturing food packaging materials with a view to extend food storage. Antimicrobial properties of zeolites are confirmed by the results of the re-search of antifungal mixture for prolongation of food products shelf life. They correlate with the experience of using the mixture in agriculture as a fungicide and preservative for corn, root crops, sunflower, silage.The ability of zeolites to inactivate pathogens and accelerate excretion of metabolic products from the human body as well as products of disturbed metabolism and toxic compounds derived from the environment was considered. In medicine almost all zeolites are used as highly effective sorbents, and it is confirmed by the positive results of their use in the treatment of poisoning and other intoxications, and for their prevention. Thus, they can be used as raw materials in the development of food with detoxicative properties for people who face food, environmental or occupational poisoning.Bentonite (representative of zeolites), established to meet FDA requirements to contact with food, is included into the List of food additives (E 558). It has the official permission to be used in the food industry and can be used in the development of food products for special purposes.10.22178/pos.16-8

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Світові виклики щодо забезпечення продовольством та роль України в їх подоланні

Author(s): Liudmyla Deineko / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 34/2017

Scientific and organizational approaches to food supply on global scale are researched in this paper, with the goal of highlighting the challenges of food supply and the the part of Ukraine in dealing with them. General and special scientific methods of economic analysis and data generalization are used: statistical comparison, grouping, structure-function analysis etc. Key problems of global food supply are highlighted, as well as basic principles and mechanisms of dealing with them, accepted by the global community. Ukraine’s place and part in the global food system are shown. Possibilities and risks for the global and national food supply that appear as a result of food trade liberalization are determined. Conclusion is made about the necessity of formation and effective employment of the instruments and mechanisms for prevention or mitigation of such challenges, based on the clearly defied and coordinated goals, consolidation of the permanent monitoring of their accomplishment, taking into account these goals in developing national agrarian, trade and other relevant policies, so that the position of Ukraine could be strengthened in the global food market, and food supply could be improved. The necessity of taking into account the influence of the rules of international trade on the condition and functioning of the national food system for the minimization of risks and maximization of positive effects is justified.

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Сезонная динамика зараженности Harpalus rufipes (Coleoptera, Carabidae) грегаринами в агроэкосистеме

Author(s): D. Y. Reshetnyak / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 2/2015

Relationships in the “parasite-host” system are closely interrelated and occur at all levels from the molecular to behavioral and population ones. There are two models of realization of these relations. The first case is when the parasites are uniformly distributed in the host population. High extensiveness of invasion is accompanied by its low intensity. The second case is when a part of host population is infected with parasites, but the negative impact is manifested to the maximum extent. Invasion of the ground beetle Harpalus rufipes (De Geer, 1774), dwelling in sweet corn agroecosystems located in the vicinity of Dnipropetrovsk near Doslidnoe village, by several gregarines species is investigated in this study. H. rufipes is an abundant, ubiquitous species, living in extremely wide range of terrestrial ecosystems, with especially high populations inhabiting anthropogenically transformed environments. H. rufipes has a wide range of feeding. This species is distributed in the Central and Eastern Europe, and introduced to North America. Gregarines were found in the intestines of 20 individuals of H. rufipes from 190 (10.5%): Gregarina ovata Dufour, 1828, G. steini Berndt, 1902, G. amarae (Hammerschmidt, 1839) Frantzius, 1848, Clitellocephalus ophoni (Tuzet and Ormieres, 1956) Clopton, 2002, Torogregarina sphinx Clopton, 1998, Gigaductus macrospora Filipponi, 1948 and G. elongatus (Moriggi, 1943) Filipponi, 1948. There is high level of infestation of C. ophoni and G. steini. At the same time, not more than three species of the gregarines were localized in the beetle body. Seasonal dynamic of occurrence of the gregarines is as follows. Maximal indices of occurrence are found at the end of August (22.2%) and minimal ones at the end of June (4.8%). The highest total number of gregarines (383 ind.) is recorded at the end of August, the lowest one is fixed at the beginning of September (33 ind.). Indices of gregarine species dominance are as follows: C. ophoni – 34.0%, G. macrospora – 28.9%, G. steini – 20.6%, T. sphinx – 9.3%, G. amarae – 5.5%, G. ovata – 0.9% and G. elongatus – 0.4%. High temperatures in July and August helped to increase infection of H. rufipes by almost all gregarines compared to cool and wet conditions in June. The highest value of the index of abundance corresponds to the time of high average intensity of infestation by three common species of gregarines. Decline in abundance index by the end of summer and early fall may be due to the death of heavily infected individuals. High level of infection does not cause the pathogenic effect on the host organism.

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Село у Пољској

Author(s): Wladyslaw Grabski / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 03/1931

Бивши Председник Министарског Савета и вишегодишњи Министар Финансија, писац овога чланка, Г. Владислав Грабски, бавио се још као студент народном економијом, и тој грани остао je веран целог свог живота. Систематским студирањем, путовањима no иностранству и многобројним везама са светским стручњацима, он je постао један од најпозванијих и практичних познавалаца и решавача аграрног питања у Пољској. Након више година практичног рада, вратио се сада поново научном испитивању, проучавајући нарочито аграрне прилике словенских земаља; тако он важи данас и као један од најбољих познавалаца Русије.

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СЕЛСКИТЕ РАЙОНИ – ДЕМОГРАФСКИ И СОЦИАЛНО-ИКОНОМИЧЕСКИ ПРОБЛЕМИ

Author(s): Ralitsa Terziyska / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

A characteristic feature of rural areas in Bulgaria is lagging behind. Following the general direction of sustainable development, the CAP and RDP contribute to solving economic, social and environmental problems in rural areas. The measures included in them aim to achieve a balanced development of rural areas, stimulating the competitiveness of the agrarian sector and improving the quality of life of the local population. The purpose of the report is to present the demographic and economic characteristics of rural areas and impact on the CAP and the RDP 2014-2020.Key words: rural areas, RDP.A characteristic feature of rural areas in Bulgaria is lagging behind. Following the general direction of sustainable development, the CAP and RDP contribute to solving economic, social and environmental problems in rural areas. The measures included in them aim to achieve a balanced development of rural areas, stimulating the competitiveness of the agrarian sector and improving the quality of life of the local population. The purpose of the report is to present the demographic and economic characteristics of rural areas and impact on the CAP and the RDP 2014-2020.

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Селският туризъм – елемент на политиката на Европейския съюз за развитие на селските райони

Author(s): Spyridon D. Arseniou / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2018

TheThe article set out the results of a study of the situation of rural tourism in the mountainous rural areas. Rural tourism is seen as part of the European Union‘s policy for the sustainable development of rural areas. The subject of research are tourist sites, serving rural tourism in mountainous rural areas in the Eastern and Central Rhodopi mountain. Rural tourism establishments are a family hotel, guest house and a house with a yard and a farm. Selected objects are for rural tourism in villages Kosovo, Smilyan, Susam, Lyaskovo, Klokotnitsa, Carevo, Bryastovo, with less than 300 inhabitants, mainly in mineralni Bani municipality. All of the surveyed areas have attractive natural attractions, interesting historical heritage, unique folklore traditions, but are not among the most popular tourist destinations for rural tourism in the Rhodope Mountains. The study covers the period 2013-2017. Used the following methods: questionnaire survey among the owners of sites for rural tourism; polls among owners of the rural tourism product; the method of comparison; the experimental method.A review of the socio-economic situation of these regions shows: low income people, unemployment, migration to the cities and degraded age structure of the population. Notes that the development of rural tourism contributes to the sustainable development of these regions-creates jobs, provides income to the local population, contributes to the maintenance of the infrastructure, the revival of old traditions, crafts, customs, etc. He has a positive impact on economic growth and standard of living of the people of the region. Attention is focused on the integration of all business and economic activities in a specific region. In this way you will achieve sustainable development of the economy; will stop the process of depopulation of the cities, migration, particularly of young people of working age who are economically active population. Synthesized are recommendations for stimulating the development of rural tourism in the studied localities.

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Сельские предпринимательские экосистемы России

Author(s): Sergey Nikolaevich Polbitsyn / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2019

Rural entrepreneurship is considered one of the key drivingforces for the development of rural and regional socio-economic systems. I propose to analyse the development of rural entrepreneurship in Russia within the framework of the entrepreneurial ecosystem theory. The article presents the results of studying economic and institutional factors constraining entrepreneurial activity in rural areas. The research, based on a survey of rural entrepreneurs in the Ural region, aimed to identify factors that have the greatest negative impact on the development of rural entrepreneurship. The survey questionnaire was compiled using the Likert scale. The survey was conducted over 10 years; each year a simple random sample of 30 respondents was chosen. Then the data was processed with the help of special software “Strata 11”. The obtained results have demonstrated that the main factors hampering the development of rural entrepreneurship were the lack of qualified workers able to perform innovative types of work (value 4.6), high cost (value 4.6) and high risk of innovative activity (value 4). The most interesting is the dynamic of the “enterprise immunity to innovation” aspect. While in 2007 it was named as one of the main negative factors (value 4.5), in 2017 its value decreased significantly (to 3). I claim, a lot of entrepreneurs incorrectly percept a business development model that is adequate to entrepreneurial ecosystem’s conditions. That misunderstanding leads to efficiency reduction of both certain enterprises and rural entrepreneurial ecosystem in general. The study’s results have both scientific and practical importance for defining a model of rural entrepreneurship development and determining the most effective mechanisms of its support.

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Семейството в житейските разкази на бесарабските българи

Author(s): Zhenja Pimpireva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2016

The article is devoted to the role of life stories in the study of the family of theBessarabian Bulgarians. The eyewitnesses’ stories (or the stories of their loved ones)contain various appreciations, experiences, feelings, values, and meanings whichallow the reconstruction of their world. The study is based on the life stories collectedduring field ethnographic expeditions conducted in 2009-2010 in villages witha predominant or significant Bulgarian population in the Republic of Moldova andUkraine.The life stories are an invaluable source for the study of the Bessarabian familyin traditional and contemporary perspective. Sharing them requires a climate of trustbetween the respondents and the researcher. The life stories represent a collection ofselected facts and episodes, in which many hidden, suppressed and forgotten thingsremain beyond the narrative. Because of their subjective character, the family is representedin an estimative and emotional way enabling the identification of the trendsin its development and the judgement of its values and morals.

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Сензорни свойства на моркови с нанесени ядивни покрития

Author(s): Radoslav Radev,Denka Zlateva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

The ubiquitous use of synthetic packaging leads to serious environmental problems associated with their slow degradation. This necessitates the use of biodegradable edible coatings that restrict the use of synthetic packaging. Edible coatings retain quality and prolong the storage period of fresh fruits and vegetables. The purpose of this study is to investigate the sensory properties of carrots covered with edible coatings. The results obtained from the sensory evaluation show that coated samples are better compared to the control sample throughout the storage period according to all indicators - appearance, color, texture, aroma and taste.

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Сервісне обслуговування як умова забезпечення конкурентоспроможністю підприємств сільськогосподарського машинобудування

Author(s): Ruslana Zhovnovach / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 28/2015

The article discloses the issue of the development of the system of service maintenance of agricultural machines as the condition for providing competitiveness of enterprises of agricultural machine building. The essence of the service maintenance of the production was defined. The interrelationship between the level of competitiveness of agricultural machine building enterprises and the level of services which can be provided by a producer for the consumers of agricultural machines was situated and the mechanism of their formation and realization have been defined. The activity of a producer concerning satisfaction of consumer needs through service maintenance of agricultural machines during the whole period of their exploitation was described. The necessity was grounded and the measures relating to further development of service maintenance of agricultural machines directed to the creation of additional long-term competitive benefits of the national agricultural machine building enterprises were suggested.

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Сертифициране и етикетиране на биопродуктите в областта на агротуризма

Author(s): Denitsa Koseva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2018

Organic farming, agritourism and wildlife are the foundation of the development of the food industry, agriculture and tourism sector. In the past years, the harmony between them is a task for both manufacturers/ retailers and end-users. The increased interest in creating and developing an agritourism market through the use of organic products in the Republic of Bulgaria requires a unified system that guarantees the quality of the offered tourist product. This draws attention to the certification and labeling of bioproducts in agritourism and leads to the need to ensure high control and guarantees of compliance with the rules and regulations.

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Система оподаткування суб’єктів малого підприємництва в аграрній сфері

Author(s): ?leh Kalmykov / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 31/2016

The subject of research the mechanism of taxation of small businesses in agricultural sector. The purpose of research is a scientific rational justification of taxation of small businesses in agriculture, the use of which will help to optimize their functioning. Methodology of research. This research was done on the study of modern scientific views on the improvement of the mechanism of taxation of domestic agricultural enterprisers, that attributed to small businesses. The results of the research. The article analyzed the concepts of agricultural taxation of small business in Ukraine. The mechanism of recovery of a single tax on farmers and the procedure for its accounting in domestic agricultural enterprises. Determined that the main factor that affects the construction of accounting in farms is taxation. Most farmers pay the single tax, which would reduce the tax burden. Found that a single tax in Ukraine is an only alternative system of taxation. The size of this tax is independent of the results of economic activity of the subject - it depends on the size and monetary valuation of lands, which are in farm ownership or in use. Areas of application results: the organization and conduct research on improving the theory and practice of taxation of small businesses agricultural sector. Conclusions: Taxation of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine at the present stage of economic relations characterized by different approaches to different categories of taxpayers, although generally they form a single mechanism of taxation of agricultural enterprises. According to the current legislation farms may be located on a common system of taxation, and to be single tax of 4th groups, the single tax as other groups, have preferential regimes including VAT. Single tax is profitable for farmers as replacing several taxes and charges, which reduces payments to the budget and saves time for preparation and submission tax reports. Traditionally goals of simplified tax system is not so much to reduce the level of taxation as a reduction of cost and time to conduct complex financial and tax accounting.

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Совершенствование управления банковскими рисками при кредитовании агропромышленных предприятий

Author(s): Ragima Bayramova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 29/2016

The purpose of the research is to study specific characteristics of credit risks related lending agro-industry producers, loan assessment and management.The article describes the tendencies of development of banking risk management tools in lending agro-industrial enterprises, development of the basic directions of lowering risk and increasing the efficiency of lending agro-producers today. At the same time, to analyze the methodological approach for the development of the bank's credit strategy emanating from the requirements of public policy to support agriculture.It is important to use risk minimization and elimination to improve efficiency in the agricultural sector under these conditions. Since risk management systems like a preliminary assessment and justified use of credit can provide an escape from the big losses of agricultural business entities.

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СОРТОВОТО РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ КАТО ЕЛЕМЕНТ НА УСТОЙЧИВО РАЗВИТИЕ НА ЛОЗАРО-ВИНАРСКИЯ СЕКТОР

Author(s): Daniela Dimitrova,Iliyan Simeonov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

According to the definition of the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV), the principles of sustainable development of the wine sector are based on four aspects - ecological, social, economic and cultural. Varietal diversity as a collection of local, introduced and newly selected varieties, was essential for achieving sustainability in each of these directions. In this study was analyzed the change in the structure of the main wine grape varieties in Bulgaria under the influence of economic factors such as investment activity, policy mechanisms, market environment, organizational structure of economic entities. A comparison has been made between the amendment in the varietal structure of wine grapes varieties in the country and the observed global variation. The place of local varieties has been highlighted as a potential for sustainability and, at the same time, as a success factor on the example of wineries from Haskovo region.

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Социално-икономически последици от земетресението, цунамито и ядрената авария през март 2011 г. върху агрохранителните вериги в Япония

Author(s): Hrabrin Bachev,Fusao Ito / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2016

Impacts of the March 2011 earthquake, tsunami and Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan on country’s agriculture (farms and agrarian resources) and food sector are assessed. The extent of radioactive contamination of agri-food products is presented. Effects on markets, consumers and international trade are evaluated. Responses of different agents are summed up, progress and challenges in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction assessed, and lessons from the Japanese experiences withdrawn.

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СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ СЕЛЬСКОЙ СЕМЬИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ТАТАРСТАН: МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ

Author(s): Ch. I. Ildarkhanova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2014

The article considers the results of the sociological research of the Centre for Family and Demography of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, reflecting the state of household and socio-demographic resources of a country family, and cooperation of villagers of Drozhzhanovskiy municipal region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The author presents life and agricultural strategies of active rural population. A country family is considered in the light of the achievement of its sustainability by means of various social practices, including the risky ones, like commutation. Modeling of social reality on the example of a municipal region of the Republic of Tatarstan reflects the integration of innovative approaches of housing and agriculture. Centering of all existing and appearing networks of a country family fundamentally changes the logic and the value component of the place of territorial units of the region. Contrary to the logic that presupposes the assessment of the value of an object according to its scale, the author supposes that a village modernization assessment should start with the lowerest part, not on the macro- but on the micro-level.

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СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ В КИТАЕ С ТОЧКИ ЗРЕНИЯ СОВЕТСКОЙ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКИ ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ 20-х ГОДОВ XX ВЕКА

Author(s): Olga Viktorovna Telushkina / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2016

The paper deals with the problem of interaction between the concepts and discussions about the goals of the Comintern policy in China that developed since the middle of the 1920s. On the basis of the works written by the Soviet sinologists (A.Ya. Kantorovich, B.K. Radek, and E.S. Varga) and covering the specific, different from Western feudalism, pre-capitalist social system of China as an example, a tendency is revealed toward more detailed and economically substantiated approach of the Soviet historians to analysis of the past and present of China, its economy and social relations. Most participants of the analyzed discussions did not belong to the academic community. They proclaimed the method of historical materialism as the main method of research, as well as the leading role of the Marxist theory, but these discussions demonstrated that conclusions made by the participants contradicted each other. The development of Soviet sinology was preceded by the open discussion that took place in the Communist Academy in the 1920s–1930s. Despite the apparent loss of the idea of “Asian mode of production”, the adoption of which meant a special path of China’s development as an instrument of the foreign policy, the discussion continued shifting from the problems of the current policy into the area of history.

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СОЦИОЛОГИЈА ЗАДРУГАРСТВА МИХАИЛА АВРАМОВИЋА

Author(s): Vladimir Zaric / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: Sp. Iss/2012

This paper is devoted to the greatest name of Serbian agricultural cooperative movement, Mihailo Avramović, and his sociology of cooperative movement, so in its theoretical as well as in practical form. The first part deals with significant events in our cooperative movement towards the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, starting from the foundation of first agricultural cooperatives, the initiation of the Central Union and its associating with the International Cooperative Union, till the passing of the Agricultural Cooperative Law. The second part focuses on theoretical and methodological aspects of Avramović's sociology of cooperative movement, and the third treats the tension between economic and social functions of cooperatives, as well as the splitting in national cooperative movement on the Jagodina congress.

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СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНА БЕЗПЕКА ЯК ОБ’ЄКТ УПРАВЛІННЯ В МЕНЕДЖМЕНТІ АГРАРНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В ЯКОСТІ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ МІКРОРІВНЯ

Author(s): Vadim Antoshkin / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 38/2018

The subject of the research is theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of identifying socioeconomic security as an object of management of the functioning and development of agrarian enterprises as micro-level subjects of economic management. It is about setting its goals, tasks, defining features, identifying the principles of implementation, establishing trends of development and priority tasks of management, including at the level of agrarian enterprises. The purpose of the work is to identify the essence of the category of socio-economic security and its practical identification; identification of features at the level of agrarian enterprises as an object of management in their management; establishment of principles and priority tasks of management. Methodological basis of the article became general scientific methods of cognition, generalization, method of comparative analysis and other methods of research. It was also a system-structural analysis and synthesis in establishing principles for the implementation of socio-economic security; problem-oriented approach in providing recommendations for further management of development and strengthening of socio-economic security of agrarian enterprises. Results of work. The main results of the paper are to clarify the categories of socio-economic security, to establish its features and identify features at the level of agrarian enterprises as an important element of their management and management of further development. The tasks of forming socio-economic security and the principles of implementation were identified. Identified development trends and priority management measures for strengthening at the level of agrarian enterprises. The field of application of the results is that the proposals on identification of the essence, features and features of socioeconomic security as a component of management in the management of enterprises are presented. The established principles of implementation and identified priority management measures can be used by managers and specialists of enterprises in order to increase their socioeconomic security in the future. In this case, special attention was paid to agricultural (agrarian) enterprises as a sphere of application of the received recommendations. Conclusions. In general terms, the study of socio-economic security at the level of agrarian enterprises needs further analysis in order to explore new options for finding existence on the market. The final choice regarding the use of any other approach or its separate components remains for each enterprise and depends on such factors as the size of the enterprise, its activities, the ambitions of the owners, etc. In order to achieve the highest possible level of socio-economic security, agrarian enterprises need to work to keep all their functional components in danger.

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