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The article reveals peculiarities of legal regulation and practice in providing of simplifications during the customs control till the introduction of authorized economic operator in Ukraine.Simplifications that were granted to Ukrainian enterprises in order to facilitate foreign trade are analyzed. It was determined that providing of simplifications during customs control is carried out in circumstances when the companies meet the established criteria. Usually the main criteria are the duration and frequency of foreign economic activity, the number and volume of performed foreign trade operations, status of payments to the budget and with the foreign trade operations kind of economic activity, high level of legal compliance and so on.It is important to do the assessment of the number of companies that meet the criteria of customs simplifications. At the same time Ukrainian experience shows that about a third of the total number of enterprises that had the right for customs simplifications used their right.
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The reviews of: -“The Ultimate Weapon is No Weapon. Human Security and the New Rules of War and Peace” by Shannon D. Beebe and Mary Kaldor; New York: Public Affairs, 2010 ISBN: 978-158-64-8823-9 -“Human Security. Reflections on Globalization and Intervention” by Mary Kaldor; Cambridge: Polity, 2007; ISBN: 978-074-56-3853-9 -“Global Finance in Crisis: The Politics of International Regulatory Change” by Eric Helleiner, Stefano Pagliari and Hubert Zimmermann; Abington: Routledge/Warwick Studies in Globalisation, 2009, 216 pp. ISBN 978-041-55-6438-0
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Johann Gottlieb Fichte in his work The Closed Commercial State (1800) argued for economic autarky as the next reform of protectionism. German-American economist Friedrich List published The National System of Political Economy (1840) which is considered to be the “Bible of protectionism”. List was the opponent of Adam Smith’s theses on the importance of free trade and international market. The advocate in a shift from open to closed economy is actual in the globalized world, which is determined by growing inequality and other social and political anomalies. Protectionism is imposed as a possible response to the discontents of globalization. The paper attempts to answer if there is a link between global capitalism and economic nationalism, and how are left and right political parties related to that possible link. Recently, in the days of political dissatisfaction, the alternative between left and right positions is replaced by the opposition between system and anti-system or protest parties. While system parties are criticized for keeping a status quo of neoliberal agenda, protest parties slide into nationalism and populism.
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Приказ/Review: Лариса Коломејцева-Јовановић, Принципи одрживог развоја у решавању глобалних еколошких проблема, „Ecologica“, Београд, 2011., стр. 126
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World-system theory since 1970's have been warned that privileged position of the United States as the world hegemon carries many risks of abuse that privileges. Deregulation of the financial sector and the function of dollar as world money allowed global financial oligarchy and USA political class to abuse, in the second half of the 20th century, that privileged position indeed. At the present, the world economy entered the phase of B Kondratieff cycle. Some representatives of World-system theory held that, under those circumstances, there was an opportunity for individual countries of semiperiphery to attempt to carry out accelerated modernization and thus join the center. The author discusses the question of whether and under what conditions Serbia can do something like that.
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In terms of macro-economic policy, gross fixed capital formation, which is the major component of domestic investment, is seen as an important process that could accelerate economic growth. This study re-examines the controversial issue of causality between domestic investment, employment and economic growth using South African data. The traditional assumption of causality running from investment to economic growth has remained inconclusive while empirical findings on the investment and employment growth nexus are also largely unsettled. The study makes use of quarterly data from 1995Q1 to 2016Q4 within the framework of the Johansen cointegration and Vector Error Correction Models (VECM). The empirical findings suggest that a long run relationship exists between domestic investment, employment and economic growth, with causality running from economic growth to investment and not vice versa. The results also demonstrate that investment has a positive long-run impact on employment. The empirical evidence further suggests bi-directional causality between employment and economic growth, while evidence of uni-directional causality, from investment to employment, is also found. The major implication of the study is that although there is bi-directional causality between economic growth and employment, economic growth does not translate to increased employment in the long run confirming “jobless growth”. Investment is found to be a positive driver of employment in the South African economy in the long-run. The study concludes that, in order to stimulate employment, investment enhancing policies, such as low interest rates and a favourable economic environment should be put in place to accelerate growth. Measures to promote economic growth, such as improved infrastructural facilities and diversification of the economy, should be further engineered so as to encourage increased investment.
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The global competition challenge has become a call to action for both the private and the public sector to find innovative ways to foster entrepreneurship. In this context, the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) has become a metaphor used to Foster entrepreneurship as an economic development strategy. A functioning EE will be fueled by the synergy created by leadership, governance, and institutions aimed at mobilizing capital labor and resources. Emerging and functioning entrepreneurial ecosystems alike are the result of a rather lengthy process, not necessarily structured, in which entrepreneurs take the risks of launching their ideas and make sustained efforts to disrupt the long-standing accepted norms. They are the disrupters. The 21st century confirms Schumpeter’s prescient assessment that entrepreneurs are the key agents of creative destruction and provides examples showing that EEs are characterized by continued transformation and are informed by and have a direct effect on the places where they emerge. We acknowledge the substantive contribution to the still evolving understanding of entrepreneurial ecosystem development in Isenberg’s (2010, 2014) work; O’Connor et al. (2018) in their research of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Foundations of Place-based Renewal; and input on policy development from OECD and the European Commission.
More...A Conceptual Framework and A Case Study of Macao
A longitudinal study of entrepreneurial ecosystems (hereafter EE) and its evolvement is important. Extending organizational-based ecosystem as a relationship building phenomenon in which all stakeholders continuously negotiate power (Pfeffer, 1992), this paper proposes a new conceptual framework to study EE longitudinally through the lens of the balance of power between institutional and agency dominance. The new conceptual framework has a 2 (Institutional dominance: high, low) x 2 (Agency dominance: high, low) configuration resulting in four scenarios of EE that are labeled as inertia, top-down, bottom-up, and co-creation. To illustrate the conceptual framework, five decades of historical and political events of Macao, to include change of sovereignty, are highlighted to depict the evolution of its EE in stages that can be labeled as inertia, bottom-up, and top-down. The new conceptual framework and the case study of Macao have managerial implications for policy makers and researchers.
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This paper investigates the confluence of recent important political events and the current state of entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) in India. Prior work has mainly focused on the development of EE only in certain cities in India but not in India’s states. Filling this gap of knowledge, the current work uses data from multiple sources (GEM data, World Bank, Indian government) to show that the development and growth of EE has taken a firm foothold across India after Modi’s win in the 2014 national election. Further, this work strives to develop an understanding of how the ascend of Modi’s leadership and recent reforms in India might have led to the development of a healthy EE. This paper also addresses certain challenges faced by institutions and entrepreneurs in India.
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Research on entrepreneurial ecosystems (EE) needs to be more contextual; the change of political party dominance is one such contextual situation. Political party dominance impacts national policies that directly influence the actions of regional and local government. Using Abe’s win in Japan’s December 2012 election as the main political event, this paper investigates the relationship between local regulations and entrepreneurial activities and proposes that Abenomics is more favorable to EE. Specifically, startup rates for more than 1900 municipalities for two time periods, 2009 to 2012, and 2012 to 2014, were collected alongside with data from each municipality passing a promotional regulation for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Multiple regression results support the hypothesis that the Abenomics period (2012–2014) experienced better EE. The findings of this study shed light on the relationship between political party dominance and EE.
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Entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) research has been mainly focused on regional country performance and seems to have missed the historical and contextual background of each region (O’Connor, Stam, Sussan, and Audretsch, 2017). To fill this gap of knowledge, I include topical information on Romania’s eight macro-administrative regions to identify their longitudinal roads towards regional entrepreneurial ecosystems. I also analyze data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), the Entrepreneurship Barometer by Ernst & Young, the European Commission (EC) reports, and scholarly work. This investigation traces relevant historical events in Romania with a view to adding context to a broader understanding of the entrepreneurial agents’ spirit and of the institutions that enable or hinder entrepreneurship development. The paper analyzes regional data of entrepreneurial activities, regulations, financing, coordinated support, and culture. Research results have managerial implications, highlighting opportunities and challenges entrepreneurs face in Romania and informing policy makers at local, regional, and national level.
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A number of changes in International Relations paradigms occurred through the recent decades: the economy became post- industrial, culture became post-modern and society, post-national. Be it the global financial transactions, foreign direct investment or Internet/ mobile/satellite communications, Master Card or Visa payments, all are grouped under one corollary: globalization. In this framework, there is more and more talk about international management. Europe has developed a new type of international and intercultural management, specific to this area. Within the European model of management there are sub-regional and sub-national differences that exist in the form of various European sub-models: Anglo-Saxon, Germanic, Latin, Nordic. An important aspect of program management is the governance of the program. At the same time, project management has become a profession in itself, the market displaying a need for training programs in project management.
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The paper synoptically presents the formation and operation of the Central European economic area before the Second World War, in the case of the Habsburg Empire and its successors. The author ascertains that, after decades of integration processes, a uniform space developed within the empire which allowed a free flow of goods, capital and people. Inside the empire, a spontaneous distribution of economic activities took place, with the western parts becoming more advanced in industry than the eastern, which generated most of their income in agriculture. In spite of the disintegration of the empire and the prevalence of economic nationalisms in the successor states, the supplementary structure still determined the economic and commercial trends, although to a considerably lesser degree. A real turning point came with the Great Depression in the 1930s' when the Central European states shut themselves in and, each on its own, tried to find the way out of the crisis by strengthening protectionism. That was also the time when the economic trends were redirected. The Central European states effected the bulk of their foreign trade with Germany.
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The paper deals with the role of ports of the Adriatic Sea in the history of the Central European area. It singles out the importance of Trieste in various periods of time and the strategic geo-political and economic forces that changed significantly the role and character of the port of Trieste after the end of the first world war. The flows of goods were reoriented away from the Adriatic Sea, as the ports at the Atlantic coast in Germany and the Netherlands gained importance.
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The Labour Migration and Labour Mobility Act contain a number of restrictive measures regarding the access of third-country citizens(outside the EU) to the Bulgarian labour market, which aim to protect both our domestic labour market from the unregulated influx of cheap labour and the one in the other EU Member States. At the same time, the employment of third-country citizens may in some cases be useful and necessary, such as in the case of highly qualified or seasonal workers. That is why the legislator has regulated the matter flexibly and in detail. This article analyzes the conditions and procedures for permitting access of third-country citizens to the Bulgarian labour market.
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Objective: The aim of the article is to recognize the scientific identity of comparative international entrepreneurship (CIE) and to review the literature on this problem in the perspective of international entrepreneurship (IE). Research Design & Methods: The applied research method is the analysis of theoretical and empirical articles on comparative international entrepreneurship published in the years 1989-2018. On this basis, the Author formulates propositions of problems suitable for the scientific exploration in the future in the stream of comparative research. Findings: Comparative international entrepreneurship is one of three research domains of international entrepreneurship. We can identify here a few important problems for future research, which concern institutional and cultural conditionings of entrepreneurship, the operationalisation of entrepreneurship and the assessment of the effects of entrepreneurship for the economic growth and development. Implications & Recommendations: It is recommended to conduct theoretical and empirical in-depth research into international entrepreneurship in the comparative approach. It is of great cognitive importance for the development of the discipline and of utilitarian importance both for entrepreneurs – the micro level and economic decision-makers – the macro level. Contribution & Value Added: The article fills a research gap related to the conceptual embedment of comparative international entrepreneurship and is one of the first articles to review the literature concerning this problem.
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The paper presents a history of Romanian aeronautics. Going beyond the pioneering period of the famous designers of Romanian aircraft (Traian Vuia, Aurel Vlaicu and Henri Coandă), we subsequently enter into other areas - hydroplanes, helicopters. Not long after the end of the First World War, in Brasov, the production of the most well-known and performing aircraft at that time - IAR-80, an intense participant in the clashes during the Second World War, began. After the War, the production was halt and then resumed in 1968, but previously (1949-1968), the university research in this domain was significant. The new model, IAR-93 has received permanent support, being set up several new production units, but some decisions of forced assimilation of some benchmarks were not good. After 1990, the realization of this plane ceased, being physically destroyed a series of almost new devices. In the second part of the paper, the problem of pilot training and the development of training aircraft is addressed. The article ends with an overview of the aerodynamic tunnels made and used in the Romanian aeronautical research activity.
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Măsurile netarifare rămân un subiect de discuţie și negociere nu de puține ori controversate. Statele sunt stânjenite de impedimente mai mult sau mai puţin directe, cum ar fi politici interne şi reglementări, proceduri de administrare a comerţului, atitudinea şi comportamentul autorităţilor, corupţie, discriminare, sisteme publice (judiciare, legale) de slabă calitate, infrastructură, etc. Categoriile netarifare prolifice atât din punct de vedere a notificărilor, cât şi a disputelor sub egida OMC, și asupra cărora ne vom referi în acest articol, privesc măsurile sanitare şi fitosanitare (SPS), așa numitul "protecționismul verde" și ecoetichetarea.
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Today there are changes in the models of the world economy, the increased role of developing countries on global arena and within international organizations, power shifts to developing world. The recent growth of emerging economies, mainly represented by BRICS has established a new path for international economic relations, by creating a solid counterweight to the global economic players, such as US and EU. This article provides some clues how BRICS countries influence upon international trade and what role do they possess in the global distribution of trade flows.
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