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Jakub Karpiński (1945–2003) był znakomitym polskim metodologiem socjologii, prowadzącym badania z zakresu epistemologii nauk społecznych w ramach paradygmatu lwowsko-warszawskiej szkoły filozofii. Jednocześnie stał się jednym z pierwszych i najważniejszych historyków i socjologów systemu komunistycznego w Polsce. Jego socjologiczne opus magnum w badaniach nad komunizmem stanowi książka Ustrój komunistyczny w Polsce. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie projektu socjologii zrekonstruowanego na podstawie tego dzieła w wymiarze retoryki, epistemologii i ontologii. Ukazane zostają racje społeczne i kognitywne, które sprawiły, że program Karpińskiego nigdy nie stał się postępowy w sensie Imrego Lakatosa. Autor stawia pytanie o paradoks: dlaczego świetny metodolog nie stał się równie wybitnym empirykiem?Jakub Karpiński (1945–2003) was an outstanding Polish methodologist, conducting research in the field of epistemology of the social sciences within the paradigm of the lvov-warsaw school of philosophy. At the same time he became one of the first historians and sociologists of the communist system in Poland. His book Ustrój komunistyczny w Polsce (The Communist Regime in Poland) was his sociological opus magnum. The aim of this paper is to explore his sociology project which has been divided into three aspects: rhetoric, epistemology and ontology. It examines the social and cognitive reasons for the fact that Karpiński’s research programme never became progressive in accordance with Imre Lakatos’s seminal concept. The author raises the question: why didn’t brilliant methodologist become an equally bright empirical researcher?
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Defended PhD theses in Bulgaria in the field of linguistics, literature, history, folklore, ethnography and art studies
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The review of the book based on lectures presented at a scientific conference organized at the University of Bielsko-Biala on the subject “Reformation in terms of Bielsko and Biala”. The article presents texts of the authors, who in a distinctive way referred to the issues of the Reformation and life of the Protestants in Bielsko and Biala over five centuries. The author of the review emphasizes raised questions, the characters, and the history of the evangelicals in Bielsko-Biala, while at the same time leaves the reader the opportunity to make his own assessment. The reviewed book is a continuation of the research conducted by humanists from ATH in Bielsko-Biala, within one book has already been published “Reading the City. Bielsko-Biala as a cultural palimpsest”.
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The aim of this article is to demonstrate that memoirs, which are usually examined in terms of their connection to the past, are often oriented towards the future. Using immigrant memoirs from the early twentieth century United States, this essay shows that immigrant authors wrote their memoirs with a specific audience in mind, an audience they believed they can instruct. One the one hand, immigrants addressed American citizens, and wanting to gain their sympathy, they described the difficulties of the immigrant life. On the other hand, they wrote for their fellow immigrants to show them that determination pays off and one can have a comfortable, or even successful, life in a new country. Their aim was to envision and promote a better future for the American society, a future based on tolerance and equality.
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The work of John Skylitzes (Synopsis historion) embracing thehistory of Byzantium from the 9th till the 11th century, written in thetimes of Aleksy Komnen – when Rus’ had already been a christianizedcountry – allows to view the attitudes of Byzantines towardsthe process of christianization of Rus’. Namely, John Skylitzes providestwo descriptions of how Christian faith was adopted by Rus’(under the reign of Michael II and then Basil I) and mentions thechristening of Princess Olga, while completely neglecting the actualChristianization of Kievan Rus’ during the reign of Vladimir I theSaint. Thus, the narration rendered by John Skylitzes indicates thatRuthenia entered the Christian ecumene only once, that is, in the 9thcentury
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The article is a reflection on the need to preserve the social memory of the soldiersof the border formations of the Second Republic of Poland. In the Polishcampaign of 1939, they fought a heroic fight with the German and Soviet armies.Sub-units of the Border Protection Corps (BPC) and the Border Guardand units created on their basis haveshown outstanding combat qualities. Theyfought fierce battles against increasingly stronger opponents, including theareas of Wieluń, Hel, Węgierska Górka, Wizna, Shatsk and Wytyczno.After the war, the history of the September events and the memory of thesoldiers of the BPC and the Border Guard were secretly suppressed. Importantobjective facts about the struggles and battles of the soldiers of the PEC and theBorder Guard were deliberately omitted.In the new political reality after 1989, political changes influenced the evolutionof Poles’ historical consciousness, which led to increased public interestin the memory of the BPC and the Border Guard.The main purpose of the research was to determine the places of defensivebattles of border guard soldiers from September 1939, as well as to showthe activities of local government units, social organizations and Border Guardauthorities aimed at restoring and preserving the memory of their heroism inpresent times. The scientific deliberations in the article are concretised on thefollowing thesis: Preservation and commemoration in the Polish society ofplaces where soldiers of border formations struggled in September 1939 constitutepermanent values for the heritage of the nation and the Polish state, whichshould be popularized in the process of upbringing and education, particularlyof the young generation.
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According to archaeological data, the Albanian-Sarmatian period is characterized by a weak population of the territory of Dagestan. In the mountainous part of the region there is an almost complete population decline to the turn of the era, which began in the early Iron Age and is associated with a recorded cooling in the mountains in that period. In the 3rd century AD, there was an active growth in the number of settlements, the emergence of a hierarchy of settlements, including early urban centers, which reflected the cardinal socio-economic transformations in society. Since that time, the Iranian-speaking nomads began their mass migration to the Caspian Dagestan, which was due to the climatic factor and political events in the region. Population growth and density in the 3rd—5th centuries AD and the reverse settlement of the mountain zone, obviously, was a consequence of the socio-economic development of society against the background of climate improvement. The observed climatic changes were recorded according to the results of paleobotanical studies of the ancient peatland in Mountainous Dagestan, which showed the relationship of migration and demographic processes with the natural and climatic situation. The deterioration of the military and political situation in the Caspian plain in the 6th—8th centuries AD was the reason for the termination of the functioning of many settlements on the border of the plain and foothills and caused back migration to the mountains.
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This article is built around the analysis of a document, Conscriptio bonorum in comitatu Sathmari annis 1670, 71, 72, 73, 74 confiscatorum, which contains detailed information on the confiscated proprieties of various noble families from Satu-Mare County. It is an interesting and valuable historical sources that reflects the events that followed the signing of the peace treaty of Vasvár in 1664, between the Habsburgs and the Ottomans. The rebellion of the Hungarian nobility, supported to a certain extent by the ruling prince of Transylvania, led to a series of repressive measures taken by Habsburg authorities, including confiscation of land proprieties. This document shows the extent of this repressive measures in the particular case of Satu-Mare County, bringing thus valuable information on the economic, social and political history of Transylvania and Royal Hungary in the second half of the 17th century.
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The article dwells on the works of Benkő Jószef (1740-1814) – Transsilvania. Sive Magnus Transsilvaniae Principatus olim Dacia Mediterranea dictus (Vienna, 1778) and Johann Georg Kleinkauf – “Beschreibung einiger Berge und Höhlen in Burzenland und Zekelland” and “Chorographie von Burzenland”, both published in Siebenbürgische Quartalschrift, in 1793 and 1795, respectively. Comparatively with Benkő’s Transsilvania, a descriptive complete work on whole Transylvania, Kleinkauf’s geographic work is limited to areas located in Țara Bârsei and Secuime/ Szeklerland. Benkő’s Transsilvania was written in Latin and so it is more accessible to the specialized researchers, whiles Kleinkauf’s articles were written in German, more for the Saxon milieu. The two geographers mixed their theoretical, practical and technical knowledge, their works and researches passing the frontier between denominations and specific fields. Both the authors were teachers during their life. Their descriptions show the readers practical knowledge on lively and inanimate treasures of Transylvania, according to practical needs and contemporary techniques of commerce, mining, farming, and administration. This research’s perception in the natural history gives birth to a debate belonging to political history, with regard to record all the trading utilizations of the natural products.
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Cornel Corneanu lived between 1884 and 1960; he was an important and illustrative personality of the Romanian Orthodox intellectuality in the Banat by the end of the 19th century and during the first half of the 20th century. With a very intellectual grounding at the Faculty of Theology, Chernivtsi University, he was the president of the Student Society Junimea, actually the most important association of the Romanian students in the capital of Bukovina. He came back in the Banat once graduating and began his career within the administrative section of Caransebeș diocese. Corneanu had been involved yet as a student in cultural and social works, including lots of charitable initiatives. The distinguished schoolar took also part in the Great Union Assembly, in Alba-Julia on the 1st of December 1918. As a member of the National Liberal Party he was directly involved in interwar period in the political life. Member of the Romanian Parliament, Cornel Corneanu was also a sustainer of the Romanian Orthodox Brotherhood, the Romanian intellectuals’ organization in Transylvania and the Banat.
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This study deals with the fate of the only three Czech royal towns, which during the protracted conflict over the Czech throne (1468–1479) declared themselves under the auspices of the Hungarian ruler Mathias Corvinus (České Budějovice, Pilsen), or had his authority under the title of King of Bohemia (from May 1469) successfully applied over them (Cheb). It reveals the motives for their leaning to the side of Mattias Corvinus and analyses their positions as military powers and, to a lesser extent, intelligence centres, deals with the changes in the holdings of real estate property in the towns in the course of Corvinus’s reign, and shows the compositions of the town councils, their efforts to maintain independent political approaches (especially in the case of Cheb) and the development of their relations with the military command of the city. Attention is also paid to the ecclesiastical administration and cultural level of these municipalities during Matthias’s reign.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the process of the organization of centralized water supply systems in small Russian towns at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. The causes and the process of pipeline building in three small cities, each of which became significant transport hubs by 1914 and had populations of less than 50,000 people, are described in the research. The research interest in these towns is led by understanding how the transport position of small cities promoted the improvement of water supplies in them. It was essential due to the growth of the urban populations and increasing cases of cholera epidemics in transport-hub cities.
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Regional headlines: EU vs. Lukashenka; Navalny to return to Russia; historical buildings in Samarkand; makeover for Melania Trump statue; Bosnian Serb war criminal dies of coronavirus.
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This article shows the importance of a ritual towel, its ornamentation, types, application, symbolism, creation motifs and the place it occupies in the lives of Belarusians living in the region of eastern Poland. The towel accompanies Belarusians from birth, engagement, through marriage, wedding, to death. There are two types of Belorussian towels in the Podlasie Region: casual and ceremonial towels. They perform practical, aesthetic, religious, symbolic, cleansing, protective and mystical functions. The content of the article was obtained by an analysis of literature directly related to the subject of research, formal analysis of documents and products of research, observations and in-depth ethnographic interviews. By using these research techniques, the author interpreted the symbolism of the Belarusian ceremonial towel. The presented research also helped to determine its place and manner of use by Belarusians in specific rituals and customs.
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This paper provides a comparative analysis of Polish and Russian carolling activity, which may be considered as a symbolic celebration of “tricksteriada”. Descriptions of carolling customs cultivated in the 19th- and at the beginning of the 20th century, primarily in ethnographic studies, were used as the source material. The issue mentioned above, to date, has not been studied, except quite limited comments concerning the “trickster” nature of masqueraders and their plays. Folk culture, i.e. a syncretic creation, was formed by pagan and Christian elements. In the context of the subject of this paper, rituals such as Christmas and New Year’s carolling prove its Slavic origin. The “supernatural visitors”, dressed as animals and anthropomorphic characters, violate cultural taboos. During carnival the order is reversed and provocative behaviour is acceptable. The carollers, in their role as traveling actors, seem to impersonate jesters in plays.
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Regional headlines: Kazakh charged with embezzling billions; Russian hypersonic missile launch; coronavirus in Ukraine; Kosovo in digital limbo; and a trip behind the Iron Curtain.
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