We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Имя профессора Александра Петровича Калитинского, которому Чехословакия и Россия, Европа и Америка обязаны возникновением научного объединения мирового значения, незаслуженно забыто как на родине, так и в изгнании.
More...
The topic of this paper is the issue of a possible place of coining the cross denarii with the legend +UVALHVZE, associated with the town of Wallhausen on the Helme river. Chronology of the coin production is touched upon, as well as the direction of its inflow based on the spread of hoards containing that piece. In the early 1930’s a heated debate regarding those coins took place between two distinguished numismatist of that time – Julius Menadier and Marian Gumowski. The German scholar dated the coin to the beginning of the 11th century and connected it with Mathilde the Abbess of Quedlinburg. In the legend he saw the name of a small town – Wallhausen on the Helme, where the Emperors palace was located. Gumowski on the other hand linked the coins with the count palatine Sieciech and dated it close to the year 1080. The analysis of hoards and a single find from the Schulzenwerder island allowed for the narrowing of the coins chronology to the years 1060-1070. It was Menadier who was probably right in linking it with the town of Wallhausen as we lack other interpretations of the legend. It could have been minted by Eberhard the Bishop of Naumburg (1045-1079), or by the Archbishopric of Magdeburg which was the superior of Naumburg. The coins had been minted with one obverse die, which with the passage of time was repaired and two reverse dies.
More...
Urbanism, architecture and broadly defined visual culture of postwar-Szczecin take a unique place in the discussion on the shape of modern metropolis. Like in a lens, there were coincided the political problems connected to the change of the nationality of the agglomeration and to building of the so-called People’s Poland’s new political system, with the all-European problems of artistic reform. Piotr Zaremba (1910–1993) has fulfilled the crucial role in this process being as the first Polish president of the city not only the main local politician, but also due to his education and professional experience – the first local urban planner. Those were his decisions that directed the range and the character of the reconstruction of ruined old substance and the creation of new space structures. This paper makes an attempt to give an answer to the question of their formal and ideological origins dating back to the early 30s: the time of Zaremba’s study at the Lviv Technical College as well as the engineering practice in the modernizing and generating a new identity Post-Wilhelminist Poznań of interwar period. The journey, the lectures of the young designer and the intellectual atmosphere of national-democratic and partially revisionistrightist environment influenced the development of the new polish city after 1945.
More...
The purpose of this paper is to re-analyze Alexander I’s Holy Alliance, which has often been considered as either religious or reactionary. I use the term Holy Alliance as his ideas or plans for the European international system after the Napoleonic War, not as the treaty of the Holy Alliance on September 26, 1815, nor as the actual European system. The object of analysis here is Alexander’s attitude towards the project of the General Alliance, which Capodistrias, the Russian vice-minister of foreign af fairs, presented to the Emperor on July 6, 1818 as a subject for discussion in the Aachen Congress, and which Capodistrias regarded as having derived from the Emperor’s Holy Alliance.
More...
The purpose of this paper is through analyzing the content of the Hungarian jury system under the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy using a comparative method to consider the significance of it among the jury systems of the Continental European countries, and to show the orientation of further studies. At the end of the nineteenth century, the jury system was introduced into Hungary. Around this time, the other European Continental countries gradually abandoned this system or changed it into the form called “Lay Assessor’s Court” in which lay jurors and professional judges discussed the cases together. The defects or shortcomings of the jury system had become apparent despite the passion for this system as a guardian of human liberty and rights around 1848. At this time, the question arose as to why Hungary introduced the jury system and how was it? Looking for clues to understand the Hungarian jury system of this time, the author pays attention to the fact that this system was often introduced in Austrian and German legal journals at that time.
More...
This paper focuses on the characteristics and genesis of the Tatarstan political regime during the leadership of the republic’s President Mintimer Shaimiev and will question the popular view that his regime is a typical authoritarian dictatorship, although this conception appears to be justified by extraordinary electoral results in the republic. For example, Shaimiev was the only candidate for presidency in 1996 and gained 97.1% of the valid votes. An English version of this paper was distributed at a panel at the AAASS annual convention held in St.Louis on November 18-21, 1999.
More...
From the late 19th century to the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War, Japanese fishery in the Russian Far East waters had shown stable growth. At the same time, the Priamur Governor-Generalship had gradually imposed strict restrictions on these Japanese fisheries with an aim to fostering of the domestic fishery, that is, nationalization of regional fishery. This situation perhaps has the appearance of paradoxical process. Seemingly, the more the Russian authorities had tightened their control, the more the Japanese fishery had developed. According to several existing historical studies in Japan, this situation has been accounted for primarily by the Japanese fisherpersons' great ability and bravery. These studies have also regarded the Russian strict control over Japanese fisherpersons as an ungenerous anti-Japanese sentiment. We disagree with these views for several reasons. For instance, the Russian authorities had enforced these fishery regulations in a limited way. In consequence, the restrictions also had only a limited effect on the Japanese fishery and occasionally had brought about a negative effect for the Russians. This situation lacks the preconditions for a paradox. We require ample studies of the situation in order to conduct a proper evaluation of these regulations. The present research will offer a clarifying explanation for this complicated situation. For such occasions we will pay attention to the debates over fishery regulations in the Priamur Governor-Generalship. Based on some reports by the Governor-Generals, we will try to give a persuasive account of the situation. It serves for a deeper understanding of the Russo-Japanese historical relations.
More...
This article focuses on Fedor Ruppeldt’s arguments concerning the “capital city” of Slovakia, which he wrote and published in several articles during the inter-war period. Through analyses of them, the author describes Ruppeldt’s notion of Slovak national culture and the territory of Slovakia, and compares it with the opinions of other Slovak intellectuals. Before 1918, in the Kingdom of Hungary, Slovakia did not form an administrative unit, and it also lacked its own political-administrative center. This situation changed after the foundation of the Czechoslovak Republic and the incorporation of Slovakia into the new nation-state of Czechs and Slovaks. In February 1919, Bratislava, the westernmost and biggest city of Slovakia, was selected to be the seat of the minister for administration of Slovakia, and became the seat of the newly formed Slovak Provincial Office in 1928. Many Slovak leaders also considered Bratislava to be the political-administrative and national-cultural center, the “capital city” of Slovakia, although the majority of inhabitants in Bratislava had been Magyars and Germans throughout the inter-war period, and their cultural and economic influences in the city were still manifest. Fedor Ruppeldt, a Slovak evangelic intellectual and collaborator with R. W. Seton-Watson, was an ardent opponent of the consolidation of Bratislava as the “capital city” of Slovakia. In his articles, he argued for the town of Martin, the center of the Turiec region in central Slovakia and the recognized center of the Slovak national movement during the second half of the nineteenth century. Ruppeldt claimed that Martin was suitable as the “capital city” of Slovakia using two arguments: analysis of the “center of Slovakia” and the argument about the “concentration of Slovakia.”
More...