Publikacje za rok 2018
List of publications on Wadowice and the surrounding area, which appeared in 2018.
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List of publications on Wadowice and the surrounding area, which appeared in 2018.
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Alexandru Boldur is a representative personality of the Romanian people, who has actively participated in the academic environment of Romania. Turning to the subject proposed for research, we point out that Alexandru Boldur’s memoirs and the consulted archive documents give us the possibility to underline the aspects regarding the contribution of the historian and Bessarabian professor to the organization of the activity of the Institute of National History “A. D. Xenopol” from Iași between 1943-1948. According to the official sources and to the several assessments, regarding the time when Alexandru Boldur has held the position of a director, he showed organizational spirit, dedication, constant interest in scientific research, consistency in achieving the goals of the Institute of National History “A. D. Xenopol” from Iași, promoting it nationally and internationally. His personal and professional development allowed Alexandru Boldur to perfectly combine the scientific-didactic activity with the managerial one, a fact proved by the collaboration with his colleagues and other higher education institutions. The methodological support used in the investigation of the subject facilitated the obtaining of the expected results, which we will be further reported.
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Profesorul Viorel Căpitanu, care a fost şi unul dintre directorii muzeului nostru, a aniversat, la începutul lunii octombrie 2012, opt decenii de viaţă, prilej pentru noi de a-i aduce un omagiu sincer de respect şi preţuire.
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The topic, approached from a diachronic point of view, focuses on the pastorate of the diocese led by Gavriil Bãnulescu-Bodoni, Dimitrie Sulima and Irinarh Popov. In this period, both the policy of the tsarist authorities and the actions of the diocesan leaders tried to completely transform the institution of the Orthodox Church in Bessarabia into an instrument similar to the Russian Orthodox Church, which was primarily intended to fulfill the function of Russification. The black-and-white treatment of the role of the Orthodox Church in the history of Bessarabia did not allow highlighting all the nuances related to the role of this institution and its leaders for the spiritual-cultural life in the region. For these reasons, we propose an analysis of the behavior of the three leaders of the ecclesiastical-administrative unit established in 1813, and their vacillation between the local Orthodox tradition and the requirements and pressures coming from the leadership of the Russian Empire. These eventually led to the establishment of a hybrid “body”—a Romanian-Russian Church (we refer to the existence in the Orthodox Church in Bessarabia of a majority of Romanian believers and of a Russian imperial Church and administrative leadership). A meticulous analysis of the actions undertaken by either Bodoni or Popov is quite necessary, both in terms of their sympathies with the Romanian parishioners and in terms of personal interests and the fulfillment of instructions received from the Holy Synod of St. Petersburg, as an exponent of the autocratic regime.
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The importance of the Habsburg Monarchy for the European balance of power in the modern age and equally for the development of national identities in Eastern Europe justifies the interest for the medieval preliminaries of the House of Austria’s presence in this region. The translation of territorial base operated in 1278 by Rudolf I, Holy Roman emperor, was consolidated by his successors through political achievements and matrimonial alliances. The reign of Ferdinand I in the Austrian Lands and his election as king of Bohemia and Hungary mean the beginning of a mix of policies of building an institutional infrastructure which assured the dialogue between power and the legal society which preserved the local specificities in the former apostolical kingdoms.
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The centenary of the enactment of the March Constitution in Poland prompts questions about the constituent parts of the achievements of Polish constitutionalism of that period. The authors have found the issue of the sources of law worthy of attention, and among the latter, especially those acts that are situated between the classically conceived competences of the authorities, i.e., acts with the force of statute issued by the organs of executive authority. These acts, formally absent from the system of sources of law of the March Constitution until the enactment of the August amendment of 1926, appeared in the practice of the Second Republic at the time of the budgetary crisis in 1924, in the form of acts issued “by the President of the Republic on the basis of resolutions of the Council of Ministers”. These “special kinds of autonomous regulations” [Z. Cybichowski] provoked intensive discussions regarding both the admissibility of such delegation of legislative power, as well as the legal essence and constitutionality of aforementioned regulations. The authors would like to take a closer look at the institution of legal acts with the force of statutes as sources functioning in the era of democratic constitutional solutions establishing a parliamentary-cabinet system [i.e., in the years 1921–1926 and after 1989], without neglecting the historical and comparative context in which the examined institution evolved.
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In the Metropolitan Church of Nessebar, in the 16th-century wall paintings, Pope Sylvester is depicted in the south nave between St. Ignatius Theophoros and Sts. Constantine and Helena. The Roman bishop is represented with a triregnum, an insignia that links him to the so-called Donatio Constantini, whose text appears in the 8th century. The paper examines the development of possible image narrative structures, on the one hand, through the place where the bishop and the imperial couple are depicted, creating a compositional unity, and, on the other, in the derivation of historical connections through the symbol of the papal regalia between the Roman bishop and the emperor. Along with this, questions, concerning the transfer of the triregnum as an artistic element through possible patterns of transfers in the Balkan art of the 16th century, are also raised.
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The article discusses the demonstrations and rallies and the sometimes accompanying riots that took place in 1920–1939 in Toruń. The author presents why riots took place in Toruń, who participated in them and what consequences they brought about.
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The subject of this article is the picture of Poland’s place in Europe at the end of 1938 and beginning of 1939, presented in two brochures published at the time by Roman Knoll and Juliusz Łukasiewicz. Both authors belonged to the group of prominent diplomats of the Second Republic of Poland. Knoll presented Poland as a country threatened by the aggression of the Third Reich; he also saw the possibility of concluding an anti-Polish German-Soviet pact. Łukasiewicz’s pamphlet, on the other hand, inscribed into the series of propaganda literature of the National Unity Camp (Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego), which saw the then Republic of Poland at least as a European regional power.
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The article’s subject is the arrests and deportations to concentration camps in the Reich carried out by the Gestapo in April and May 1940 on Polish territory incorporated into the Reich. An attempt has been made to determine the overall size of the Intelligenzaktion based on data concerning the scale of arrests in individual Reich districts, provinces, and regions, confronted with the number of transports to concentration camps in Dachau, Ravensbrück, and Sachsenhausen.
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The article’s primary purpose is to present the circumstances of the murder of Władysław Mróz, an officer of the Department I of the Polish Ministry of the Interior, committed on 27 October 1960 in Paris. Captain Mróz, being an ‘illegal’, disclosed intelligence secrets to the French counterintelligence authorities. He was murdered without legal proceedings. Being a communist crime, this act is not time-barred.
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The subject of analysis is the Polish-Italian film cooperation in 1971–1980. The article aims at a synthetic presentation of its course in the context of political and historical conditions of interstate cultural relations. The analysis covers the literature on the subject, specialist press, and archival documents to reflect the various forms of film cooperation.
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The article is a comparative analysis of the ways of explaining the victory of the Party Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice) in the European elections in Poland in 2019, offered to the public in traditional and electronic media. The research hypotheses relating to the topic were verified through a critical assessment of the texts published in selected representative newspapers – dailies and weeklies, as well as their websites (so-called online press services).
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The text reviews Andrzej Zaćmiński’s latest book devoted to the elections to the Sejm of the Polish People’s Republic of the first term held on 26 October 1952 and the election campaign that preceded them. The review’s author generally has a high opinion of the monograph. However, he puts forward some polemical remarks concerning assessing the credibility of the official voting results, the description of the role played by the communist-controlled National Front and the assessment of the involvement of various persons and entities in the election campaign.
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Seventh-day adventist were convinced of the divine origin of human nature, and they saw it as a foundation for human rights in religion. Arriving on Romanian soil, the first Adventist missionaries were to come into contact with the native population. Initially, these missionaries preferred to seek out and address existing Baptist or Protestant believers in various localities, due to the doctrinal and religious practice that existed between their faiths and only in a second stage did Adventist missionaries they were directed to believers of other denominations, especially the Orthodox. In their attempt to make room for their faith to penetrate the local population, they clashed with the conservative spirit of the majority church.
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The inter-war time in Romanian society was the most effervescent period in terms of debates on religious issues in all our known history. In the newspapers of the times, in the Parliament’s rostrum or in usual meetings, religion was regular topic of discussion and stirred up very strong emotions. But beyond what we could glean from the extremely harsh words used, or even in persecutions’ accounts, we cannot fail to notice an amazing thirst for knowledge. A very good example of this desire for mutual knowledge is the “contradictory public discussion” proposed by Orthodox priest Petre Chiricuța of the“Hagiu” Church in Bucharest to Adventist pastor Stefan Demetrescu on the topic of the Second Coming of Christ, discussion that was to take place at the Fundația Universitară Carol I in March 1931. Even if the Patriarchy cancelled the meeting at the last moment, the preparation of the event and the reactions sparked by its cancellation help us to see how religious debate was present at all levels in Romanian society during that period.
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In the period 1969 – 1975 the relations between Bulgaria and Yugoslavia developed dynamically. In 1969 the relations exacerbated, as a result of the military intervention of the Warsaw Pact forces in Czechoslovakia. Bulgaria took the initiative to improve the relations by proposing that the Macedonian question should not be brought to the fore, but contacts in areas of mutual interest should be developed instead. However, Yugoslavia wanted the existence of a “Macedonian” national identity to be recognized first. In 1970, Bulgaria proposed to two countries to sign a document in which to declare that they had no territorial claims against each other. Yugoslavia’s request for this to happen only with the recognition of the existence of a “Macedonian minority” on the territory of Bulgaria doomed the negotiations to failure.
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The publication includes documents on the history of the public organization IMRO – UMS (Union of Macedonian Societies). The organization originated from the Union of Macedonian Cultural and Educational Societies in Bulgaria, restored in 1990, and lasted until the end of the 1990s, when the political party IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement was established on its basis. The documents show the official position of IMRO – UMS on the Macedonian issue and its efforts to defend the rights of the Bulgarians in the newly created after the break-up of communist Yugoslavia independent Republic of Macedonia (now Northern Republic of Macedonia).
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After a short terminological introduction, this article discusses the origin of schools as collective knowledge producers. European historiography had not seen such schools until Leopold von Ranke started his teaching, which included historical research through seminars. His school became paradigmatic. However, from the late 19th century, nationalist historians, who rallied around political ideas rather than around new historical knowledge, challenged the Rankean conception. Another challenge came from historians gathering around a French journal, the Annales. From Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre, these historians had different ideas about historical research, but there were links between the conceptions of history in the second and third generation of editors. Thereby, they also came to precede the present with its different directions of historiography based on ideas of fruitful areas for research.
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Production of locking systems dates back 4,000 years. Locking systems in today's dynamic world are widespread in all spheres of life. In a dynamic and digital environment, the need for more secure locking systems is constantly growing, and the response of manufacturers is in the constant improvement and development of innovative proposals with varying degrees of security. The purpose of this study is to present the relationship between the stages of civilization and the production of locking systems up to this moment. Various research methods and approaches have been used, including methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as systemic and complex approaches. As a result of the research are studied, summarized and analyzed: the stages through which the development of the production of locking systems passes, historically; the production of locking systems in Bulgaria and in the ACCA ABLOY group.
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