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In the beginning of the 21th century we are regularly informed by media about different churches’ religious disputes that have led to tragic consequences. Researchers of law history, however, have the opportunity to find examples in history to follow and also to avoid in order to help nowadays’ legislators. Research roots go back to historical times when peoples of different nationalities and denominations lived together in space and time. The study seeks to find out whether the positive changes that occurred in Hungary in the second part of the nineteenth century have been catalyzed by the decentralized and religiously pragmatic legal policies of Turkish domination. A lawsuit from the Turkish Occupation, Nagyharsány, Hungary, later known as the “Dispute of Buda”, is a good example of the fact that centuries ago the Ottoman Empire had successfully implemented the Freedom of Religion as a human right in the areas they conquered and governed.
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Péter Ágnes: „…ezentúl egybeforr ég, föld s pokol…” William Blake illusztrációi Jób könyvéhez L’Harmattan, Bp., 2017. 322 old., 3300.- Ft Ferge Zsuzsa: Magyar társadalom- és szociálpolitika, 1990–2015 Osiris, Bp., 2017. 510 old., 4980 Ft Gábor György: Múltba zárt jelen, avagy a történelem hermeneutikája L’Harmattan, Bp., 2016. 200 old., 3490 Ft Az ellopott tragédia Rejtő Jenő emlékkötet. Szerk. Thuróczy Gergely. Petőfi Irodalmi Múzeum – Infopoly Alapítvány, Bp., 2015. 502 old., 3600 Ft A megtalált tragédia Rejtő Jenő emlékére Szerk. Thuróczy Gergely Petőfi Irodalmi Múzeum – Athenaeum, Bp., 2016. 381 old., 4990 Ft Hahner Péter:Államférfiak, Fouché ésTalleyrand párhuzamos életrajzai Osiris, Bp., 2015., 787 old., 3980 Ft Görföl Balázs: Hans-Georg Gadamer művészet- és költészetfelfogása Balassi, Bp., 2016. 198 old., 2500 Ft Lányi András: Oidipusz és a Természetes Ember Liget Műhely Alapítvány, Bp., 2015. 151 old., 2000 Ft Jakab András – Gajduschek György (szerk.): A magyar jogrendszer állapota MTA–TK Jogtudományi Intézet, Bp., 2016., 962 old., á. n. Kézikönyv az energiaszegénységről Szerk. Csiba Katalin, Bajomi Anna, Gosztonyi Ákos Előszó: Meszerics Tamás. Angolból ford. Across Continents Translations European Union – Az Európai Parlament Zöldek/ Európai Szabad Szövetség Képviselőcsoportja, Brüsszel – Bp., 2016., 200 old. Pléh Csaba –Unoka Zsolt (szerk.): Hány barátod is van? Oriold és Társai, Bp., 2016. 288 old., 3800 Ft Csabai Márta: Eset – történet A KLINIKAI MESÉTŐL AZ ESETBANKIG Oriold és Társai, Bp., 2017. 320 old., 4200 Ft Korondi Ágnes: Misztika a késő középkori magyar nyelvű kolostori kódexirodalomban MISZTIKARECEPCIÓ, AVAGY IRODALMI ÉS KEGYESSÉGI GYAKORLAT A KÉSŐ KÖZÉPKORI MAGYAR NYELVŰ KOLOSTORI KÓDEXEK DEVOCIONÁLIS SZÖVEGEIBEN Egyetemi Műhely Kiadó – Bolyai Társaság, Kolozsvár, 2016., 461 old. (Monográfiák 3.)
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The purpose of the article is to present the Iran Hostage Crisis from the perspective of the Polish authorities. On the basis of a rich array of literature on the subject, comparison of Polish and American archival materials and research into the Polish contemporary press, the study presents a little-known Polish-American-Iranian picture of events occurring in relation with the American Embassy in Tehran, called by the authorities in Iran the “nest of spies” or “espionage den”.
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–Ioan Broșu (1886–1943): A Laic Preacher of the Gospel and Diplomat of Romania – Following the destiny of one of the most beautiful sermons book in Romanian homiletic literature, the study based on documents discovered in multiple Romanian national and Church archives presents the destiny of his author, Ioan Broșu, a laic preacher of the Gospel, Romanian diplomat and journalist. Analyzing the reports and letters from the archives, the study tries to clarify the destiny of this outstanding scholar and comes to elucidate a little fragment of the Romanian homiletic and diplomatic history.
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Aim: The Archive of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (hereinafter: NCU) collects, develops, stores and makes available ephemeral materials. In her article, the author tries to bring the readers closer to issues related to these ephemeral publications. We will find here answers to the questions of what ephemeral materials are, what are the legal grounds for their collection and development, and how they enrich our historical knowledge about people, institutions and the most important events of our common past. Research method: The analysis of the evolution of the growing significance of ephemeral materials and the interest of researchers in them. Then, a review of selected materials preserved in the Archives of NCU in order to show the potential hidden in this type of collections. Conclusions/Results: The author notices the importance of collected ephemeral materials and encourages readers who are in contact with contemporary ephemeral publications to collect them in order to make them available to future generations to bear witness to the time of contemporary and interesting events.
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Being little approached by specialized research papers in Romania, the subject of the role of the democratization of the museum in contemporary society, as wellas the close relationship between the museum institutionand the democratization of culture in its whole, is a topicthat requires more careful analysis both at the theoretical and case studies level. The democratization of cultureis a concept that, in European countries like France, hasentered in a wide-ranging debate in connection with thelarger opening of the museum to the different categoriesof public and its transformation into a place of culturalization, education, but also of leisure. In the spirit of democratization of culture, the contemporary museums havenot only rethought and rearranged the exhibition spacesaccording to the requirements of the visitor, but also organized, in the context of globalization, modern libraries,coffee houses, playgrounds for children, many of which offer free services to the visitors. Although some museumsstill retain their elitist profile, these have become in therecent years the spaces of promoting racial or social nondiscrimination, ways of knowledge transfer. The digitization of their collections, as well the endowment with thelatest technological equipment, have become a priority formuseum management
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The purpose of the article is to present the attitude of Americans towards the First World War, and the rituals and ways to commemorate the soldiers fallen in the Great War. An important role in the creation of collective memory about the Great War was played by soldiers and veterans, among others through the preservation of soldier’s story, rituals during the annual celebrations of the Memorial Day and Veterans Day, and also the ceremonies of reburials of thousands of soldiers’ bodies repatriated from Europe.
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The seizure of Vilnius Region by Gen. Lucjan Żeligowski, development of the structures of Central Lithuania, elections to the Vilnius Parliament and a resolution of Vilnius Region to join the Polish Republic created a new quality in the bilateral Polish-Lithuanian relations. The seizure of Vilnius Region was a success of Warsaw. The Lithuanian state consequently avoided the establishment of diplomatic relations with Poland, while the geopolitical position of the Second Polish Republic made it necessary for Poland to have Lithuania as an ally supporting Polish efforts to form a common front against threats in the region.
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Under article 256 of the Treaty of Versailles, the states to which German territory was ceded, acquired all property and possessions situated therein belonging to the German Empire or to the German States. The technical part of this resolution for the former Prussian partition was regulated mainly by the Polish-German Agreement ceding the civilian administration signed in Berlin on 25 November 1919. The taking over of the state customs properties, initiated in Poznań province in January 1920, was concluded by the end of January of the following year.
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Kazimierz Kietliński was one of the leading personages among the officers of Polish origins serving in the Imperial Russian Navy. He fought in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, and in the First World War (1914–1918), distinguishing himself both by courage, and by the high expertise in naval artillery and operations. During the First World War he reached the peak of his career with the appointment to the post of Deputy Chief of the Black Sea Fleet General Staff for Operations (1915–1916), responsible for planning all combat operations in the Black Sea. While serving under St. Andrew’s flag, he cooperated many times with other Poles, who – like himself – during the partitions went to Russian Naval Academies and decided to enlist in the Russian imperial navy, among others with Edward Szczęsnowicz (1852–1910), Henryk Cywiński (1855–1938), and Kazimierz Porębski (1872–1933). Kietliński did not live to see the regaining of independence by Poland and to serve under the Polish flag, for on 10 February 1918 he was killed by anarchised marines in Murmansk.
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Functions performed by Polish consular posts in 1945–1949 (apart from standard administrative and official ones) were conditioned by the post-war situation, staff shortage, and by goals of foreign policy set by the leaders of the communist party. In the analysed period they consisted in caring for Polish citizens, repatriation and re-emigration operations, registration of war damages, and actions aiming at gaining the Polonia (often with the use of propaganda against the Polish governments in London). It is worthy of notice that, despite obvious influence of the communist authorities on the structures and forms of work of Polish consular offices at that time, there were also some positive aspects of their operations, such as, undoubtedly, their help to thousands of Poles in coming back to Poland, in getting old-age or disability pensions, compensations, inheritances, or their actions on behalf of searching people who went missing during the war. The initial years of the analysed period of post-war operations of Polish consular offices were characterised also by a strong commitment to the problems of assistance for Polish citizens in socialist countries, but with the lapse of time this function of consulates was becoming less and less important. This, together with some limitations of economic and commercial functions of the consul, resulted from the introduction of Soviet models into the structure of Polish foreign services after the World War Second.
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The organisation of industrial health service in the years 1945–1955 may be characterised as dynamic. Various factors were at work, among which the most important ones are the following: historical and political conditions, changes taking place in the system of health service, and the socio-economic development. After 1945 the system was created in stages. The first one, initiated still in 1944, was preliminary, preparatory. It was then when the main guidelines for the subsequent years were set down. In addition, the appropriate laws were prepared, which influenced significantly the organisation of the health service, including its industrial branch. The second stage occurred at the beginning of the 1950s. Then the industrial health service was properly organised; and the full-scale development proceeded during the six-year plan, when the health service for workers acquired special significance. The system covered especially workers employed in strategic industrial sectors. The changes in the industrial health service was a background for presenting the organisation of the health service in Western Pomerania in the period in question.
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The article presents the names of several dozen of places in Western Pomerania, villages or towns, their parts, and land and water toponyms; they all indicate that the questions connected with characters and places described in the Bible are part of their everyday life for the former and present inhabitants of Western Pomerania. The fact that many toponyms are of biblical origin proves that faith and religious practice have set their stamp on other spheres of life, which intermingled mutually.
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The article attempts to discuss initial Polish reactions to the Bolshevik coup d’état. In late 1917 to early 1918, the majority of commentators were all convinced that Bolshevik rule would be short-lived. It was also generally agreed that Lenin and his party were a destructive force that was continuing the work of destroying the tsarist empire that had begun with the outbreak of the February Revolution. Though undoubtedly dominant, ideologically motivated criticism of Bolshevism was not universal in Poland. Some commentators – mainly leftists – stressed the importance of the Bolshevik anti-war slogans and what was believed to be their positive attitude towards the issue of the self-determination of nations.
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The article is an attempt to analyze the role that Hungary and the Hungarians played in the political thought and activity of Ukrainian integral nationalists in the period from the early 1920s to 1941. The text focuses on the political thought and activities of the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), but I also discuss the views of Yurii Lypa on the Hungarian issue. The analyzed material leads to the conclusion that the attitude of Ukrainian integral nationalists towards Hungary and Hungarians ranged from treating them as a minor ally to a minor enemy. One factor bringing the sides together was the attempt to revise peace treaties, while a point of contention was the territorial claims on Carpathian Ruthenia. At the tactical level, OUN activists gave relations with Prague primacy over relations with Budapest. There was only a change in this regard in 1933, when the OUN’s positions on the Vltava were somewhat shaken. After the occupation of Carpathian Ruthenia by the Hungarian army in March 1939, the Ukrainian nationalists’ attitude towards Hungary became unequivocally hostile.
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Discussion on the four maps in question, depicting the places of birth, education and death of two Polish romanticist authors of two subsequent generations.
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Planned structuring of Trogir’s main square in the period from the 13th-15th centuries can be traced based on the demolitions and constructions according to the concept of organized space and deliberate interventions. In this period, the most important secular and sacral buildings were situated there: the ecclesiastical ones traditionally and the communal ones to represent the new public functions of the main square. Thus, the square developed in accordance with the new “communal urbanity”: buildings that were seats of municipal institutions were now prominent points in urban structure and the city’s visual landmarks.
More...Október 23. mint állami ünnep
Reflections on the public ceremony celebrating the Revolution of 1956
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