Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Quarrel Over Bodies Found in Historic Georgian Church
Confrontation underlines the sometimes tetchy relations between Georgians and the sizeable Armenian minority.
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Confrontation underlines the sometimes tetchy relations between Georgians and the sizeable Armenian minority.
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An aim of the article is to discuss existing calls parish churches of the diocese of Pelplin in terms of quantity. Attention has been focused on the trinitarian names, that is relating to the Trinity as a communion of the Holy Persons and individual Holy Persons of God. Made quantitative analysis will allow for the realization scope of the cult of God the Father, Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit, and built their image in culture for example the church’s name. The article was first briefly presented the history of the formation of the Diocese of Pelplin. This was followed by compilation of quantitative data about the calls concerning the Holy Trinity and Its Persons. Sequentially specified amount trinitarian names for other calls parish churches of the diocese. In the last section we analyze the semantic and theological names. The whole article is crowned with a short summary.
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The paper presents data concerning Sallunto-Bersumno-Scodra Roman roads (Riječani-Podgorica-Skadar) and intermediate communities in the southeastern parts of the province of Dalmatia. While researching ancient roads in the southeastern part of the province of Dalmatia (Montenegro), we relied on recorded oral sources, epigraph statues, milestones, bridge and road remains in the area. We discussed also contemporary historiographers' various opinions about the location of stations. Using the data obtained after visiting the area itself and the data from Peutingeriane and the Antonine Itinerary, we believe that the road led to the east from the Sallunto station (Riječani) to Anderba (Nikšić) and then to the Varis station (Povija), Halata (Spuž), Bersumno (Podgorica), across the Cinna station (Vuksan-Lekić) into Scodru (Skadar). Archaeological remains (the Roman settlement and road remains and the fragments of milestones) found in Riječani, Nikšić, Podgorica, Tuzi, Vuksan-Lekić and Skadar (the southeastern parts of the province of Dalmatia) point out that this area was connected by the network of Roman roads. However, it is believed today that Publius Cornelius Dolabella started building the road network and that it was finished during the rule of Claudius, i.e., in 48 AD. All the other dates (the 3rd and 4th centuries) and inscriptions are related to the road repair or renovation. We, however, do not have enough records which would enable us to determine easily reliable and precise location of these stations today. Therefore, the systematic research of this area, left to be done, will enable us to do that.
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The paper aims at analyzing the evolution of the human habitat in the Carpathian-Dniestrean area, the manner adopted by the human communities for occupying the natural space, starting from the data existing in the specialized literature and from the new data regarding the evolutions of the natural environment in the Upper Pleistocene-Early Holocene. The paper raises the problem of the modification of the geographic landscape of the region, and implicitly of the human habitat, under the impact of the level fluctuations of the Black Sea. Certain results of statistic models of analysis of the human habitat in the region especially at the level of the Neolithic are also considered.
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The “stamp seals” were first discovered in sites belonging to the Anatolian Neolithic, and subsequently also identified throughout the Balkan-Carpathian space and acknowledged as finds specific to the early Neolithic civilizations of this territory. Widespread, the “stamp seals” were “fashionable” items all along the Neolithic and Eneolithic. Shapes, dimensions, and ornaments of such clay stamps vary from case to case, but not from site to site, suggesting certain uniformity, although several types of ornaments could be noticed on “stamp seals” found in the same settlement. The earliest researches on the “stamp seals” indicated their special role, and led to their understanding as special artifacts, archaeologists emphasizing in general the role and importance of this category of artifacts. In this paper, the author makes an attempt of synthesizing the information on the “stamp seals” specific to the Starčevo-Criș and Vinča Neolithic cultures, pointing out shapes and sizes, and inventorying types of symbols. By means of an integrated analysis, the author focuses on the significance hereof, from the perspective of the social hierarchies (body painting implements, amulets, dies, marks/seals of some personages enjoying a certain social status – community leaders, craftsmen, merchants).
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In the framework of older archaeological excavations (1978), carried out in the eneolithic site of Răucești (Neamț county, Romania), a potsherd from a kernos-type vessel was discovered. This type of ceramic vessels are rare in the settlements of Cucuteni culture, that is why we considered necessary to publish this artifact. The artifact of Răucești is the top of a kernos-type vessel, it is painted and has three cups arranged on the edge of the ceramic plate. Most likely, the whole item had six cups arranged circularly and probably one larger in the centre. The item was discovered in a dwelling and it belongs to phase A of the Cucuteni culture. The best analogies for this vessel can be found in the sites of Trușești, Cuconeștii Vechi I, Darabani I, Ruginoasa, Drăgușeni. If we take into account their rarity, we can admit the use of these vessels in a ritual setting, either as lighting equipment or as libation vessels, or as supports for various organic and inorganic substances (seeds, fats, honey, salt, ocher, plants). Clearly, the context in which they were discovered and possible archeometric investigations could provide some clues about the use of kernos vessels by eneolithic communities.
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Les réalités roumaines que les voyageurs et les consuls français, qui traversèrent ou même siégèrent dans les Principautés Roumaines pour quelque temps, aperçurent à la fin du XVIIIème siècle et pendant la première moitié du siècle suivant, représentent des sources importantes pour reconstituer l’image de la société roumaine de cette époque-là. Ceux-ci saisirent les aspects organisationnels du domaine juridique, mais mentionnèrent aussi les abus commis au niveau local et central, ainsi que des exemples illustratifs. On retrouve, de plus, des informations sur la réouverture des procès, sur les sentences contradictoires données pour la même cause, sur l’imposition ou même la perte des fortunes litigieuses. Carra, Langeron, Recordon, Tancoigne, Hugot, Lagau, Huber, Chateaugiron, Vaillant, Colson ou Billecocq surprirent la corruption qui régnait en justice, ainsi que les abus et la pratique d’acheter les procès, même vers la fin de l’intervalle temporel pris en considération. Après l’adoption des Règlements Organiques, Lagau, Huber, Chateaugiron, Vaillant, Colson ou Billecocq aperçurent la différence existante entre la théorie et pratique juridique, le maintien du caractère vénal, abusif et biaisé de la justice dans les Principautés. On y remarque, aussi, la présence des sujets tels Gall ou Gallice qui contribuèrent à la réforme du domaine étudié.
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The paper provides a series of pieces of information and archive documents regarding the archaeological activity undertaken by prof. Ion Mitrea PhD. Most documentary sources refer to the researches of Davideni (Neamț), as it was there, in Davideni, that the largest 1st millennium site east of the Carpathians was investigated through archaeological excavations.
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Comparative traceological analysis makes it possible to discern between natural (pathological, invasive) and artificial modifications (sawing, cutting, drilling, abrasion) seen on the hard tissues of mammals and other organisms. The cuneiform defects not infrequently observed on the dentin and tooth enamel of cattle and produced by the action of rough particles contained in the plants eaten by animals, can look like traces of sawing. The traces left by parasites attaching themselves to the spines of sea hedgehogs also can be taken as a result of intentional working. The holes drilled by the Natica mollusks in some shells are almost indistinguishable from artificially made holes. Long-term studies of macro- and microtraces have made it possible to create a collection of reference specimens that can be used to differentiate between truly artificial and pseudo-artificial (natural) modifications.
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The article deals with bone and flint hunting projectile points of the Late Palaeolithic sites of Byki, situated in the Seym basin (Kursk oblast of Russia) and dated to between 18 000—14 000 uncal. years BP. The flint assemblages of Byki 1 and 7 (layers Ia & I) are charactrized by the presence of geometric microliths. The great similarity of the flint artifacts points to their industrial unity. The analysis of the osteological and paleogeographic evidence leads to the conclusion that the faunal assemblages of the sites belong to the boreal sub-group of the mammoth theriocomplex of Late Valdai. The basic game species were hare, Arctic fox, reindeer and horse. The authors pay particular attention to the question of the relationship between bone and stone hunting tools.
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The author provides a brief overview of the history of creation of the first chronological and periodizational schemes for the Palaeolithic of Siberia. The most influential works in this field of research were conducted by the archaeologist Z. A. Abramova and geologist S. M. Tseitlin in the 1960s and 1970s, and they greatly contributed to our current understanding of the Palaeolithic chronology and paleogeography in Siberia. Z. A. Abramova's chronological schemes were mainly based on the analysis of stone and osseous artifacts. S. M. Tseitlin worked out the geological periodization of the Palaeolithic of North Asia. Much attention in the paper is paid also to the formation and development of the radiocarbon chronology of prehistoric cultures of Siberia, and Palaeolithic in particular.
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The present article surveys the main directions that the historiography of the Romanian Greek Catholic Church took after the forceful unification with the Romanian Orthodox Church in 1948. There are several places where the history writing on the Romanian Greek Catholics survived. Several centers in exile took over for the national Greek Catholic school now imprisoned by the new regime. In Rome and Munich the research travails of the interwar researchers were continued engaging at times in a dialogue with the Orthodox Church historiographical narrative on the Romanian Church in Transylvania, disavowing the interpretative lines, research findings and church historians. Important production came from the Greek Catholic intellectuals in Romania. While not published except in Samizdat form or as articles in the newspapers of the Romanian diaspora these inroads into the history of the Greek Catholic served an important purpose: they needed to prove to a community that lived at the limits of legality in the totalitarian state that the Church was functioning and preserve the narrative lines from the Orthodox and national historiographical canon.
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The article examines the characteristics of medieval Greek verse inscriptions found on the territory of present Bulgaria. They are dated from 9th to 14th century and belong to various types – building inscriptions, epitaphs, invocations, inscriptions on objects, etc. However, many of them have not been recognised as written in verse, and even the recently published corpus of Byzantine epigrams includes only part of the inscriptions from Bulgaria. This has hampered the study and evaluation of these texts and has lead to misunderstandings and wrong interpretations. The article analyses ten selected texts of different types and shows that verse inscriptions are easily identifiable by their common characteristics, which – besides their having been composed in Byzantine twelve-syllable verse – include presence of rare/poetical words, peculiar word order, use of interpunction to emphasise the verse division, etc.
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The author discusses the seals of Leo Sarakinopoulos (more than 46 specimens) related to the administration introduced in the East Bulgarian lands after Byzantium conquered them in 971. Leo Sarakinopoulos’ career and activity were closely tied to the Bulgarian lands for quite a long time. He is unknown in narrative sources, but at the same time he is richly acclaimed through his seals. They are divided into six groups according to the titles and offices written on them. 1. â’ ðñùôïóðáèÜñéïò êáp äïìÝóôéêïò ô™í sêáíÜôùí ф\т Äýóåùò (?–971) (Fig. 1). Evidenced by seven specimens printed with the same boulloterion; 2. в’рсщфпурбиЬсйпт кбp уфсбфзг{т Дпспуфьлпх (971–?) (Fig. 2). Evidenced by 2 specimens printed with the same boulloterion found in Preslav. 3. в’рсщфпурбиЬсйпт кбp уфсбфзг{т ’Éщбннпхрьлещт кбp Дпспуфьлпх (971–?) (Fig. 3). Evidenced by 21 specimens printed with two boulloterions or two different matrix pairs. 4. в’рсщфпурбиЬсйпт кбp уфсбфзг{т ИсKкзт кбp ’Éщбннпхрьлещт (975–?) (Fig. 4). Evidenced by 13 specimens, almost all of them come from Preslav and are printed with 5 different boulloterions. 5. ðáôñßêéïò êáp êüìçò ôï‡ óôáýëïõ (980s). According to a single specimen of the Dumberton Oaks Collection (DO 58 106 2657). Probably originating from Constantinople. 6. ðáôñßêéïò, êüìçò ôï‡ óôáýëïõ êáp ðñùôïóôñÜôùñ (980s – before 986) (Fig. 5). According to a single specimen found in archaeological excavations in Preslav. These seals, in addition to outlining the administrative reorganization of the Bulgarian lands occupied by the Byzantines, give us the names of the people who were part of its government.
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The article discusses examples of clothing terminology in Medieval Bulgarian literature. The purpose of this work is to trace the words in the literature and have been used by the Bulgarians in the Middle Ages. They are described in the table and examine their significance as a historical source. In addition to concepts of clothing in general, there are those associated with certain functions and social role. Tzars, monks, priests and military (in their case, protective armor) wear clothes and accessories, specific to them and they have own names. Some of the words are by Old Bulgarian language, other interpretations of translation from Greek or Latin. The language displays a wide variety of terminology, probably prompted by translation works, used synonyms and derivatives words. There are terms for clothing as a whole, for its individual elements or parts of clothing, other specific to certain social groups, shoes and more.
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With regard of mutual Project of Bogomil movement We concedere to do addition site investigation, particularly on the mountain Babuna which is related to the village Bogomila and particularly with priest Bogomil. Beside them We visited villages: Bistrica, Sogle and Nezilovo to notifies the lattes sight and trace, remain of Bogomilion of former and Bogomil believed.
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The author presents analyze some aspects of railroad history in terms of international relations, commences with a short presentation of the stages that marked the existence of this remarkable form of transport – the train, continues with a series of analyses on the currents of thought regarding this field through the 20th century, on the projections and policies of the European Union on rail transport, and, naturally, closes with a series of conclusions on their perspectives.
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Second circulation publishing, the broadly defined publishing and cultural movement, independent of the authorities of the PRL and not subject to state censorship, was initiated in the autumn of 1976 by the community which opposed communist party rule in Poland. The author of the article offers a synthesis defining the notion of second circulation, indicating its scope of influence and its reach, discussing its significance at the levels of community, cultural and political life, and its influence on the democratic changes in Poland and other Central and East European states in the late-1980s.
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Within the borders of the modern Lodz voivodship we can find traces of multi-religious society.Lodz, which is described as a multicultural city, is the best example of coexisting communitieswhich differ in their religious believes. Orthodox Christians began to arrive in the Lodz voivodshipterritory due to the Russian administrative system. The percentage of the Orthodox Christians wasnot as prominent as the Evangelicals or the Jewish population, however, certain remnants of theirpresence are still noticeable in the cultural landscape. Their cultural heritage is largely preservedin the form of tombstones but also buildings and history of settlement. The city of Uniejów playsa prominent part when it comes to the history of settlement. The history of the city is connected tothe Toll family because of their legacy which is an important testimony of the past.
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