Hertha Karasek-Strzygowski – ein Leben im Spannungsfeld der Nationalismen

Author(s): Julia Manowska-Cebula / Language(s): German Issue: 22/2022

This article is an attempt to reconstruct the biography of the Austrian painter and writer Hertha Karasek-Strzygowski, born in 1896 in what is now Bielsko-Biała, in the area of the so-called linguistic island of Bielsko-Biala in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. This island existed from the Middle Ages until 1945. The article is also an endeavor to sketch the historical and multicultural background of the surrounding reality. This reconstruction is intended to give an insight into this ambiguous figure and her work. The article also draws attention to the fact that, although the author grew up in a multicultural environment, she almost completely ignores the existence of Polish and Jewish nationalities in her immediate surroundings, and mentions Polish people only vaguely and explicitly in a negative way. Surprisingly, she also does not mention the Second World War in connection with Poland, where her family had lived since 1914 and which she visited almost annually as an adult. The way she describes the reality of war gives the impression that it was exclusively a time of torment and fear, brought upon on the German people by the Soviet Union.

Зануляване, или как руско-украинският въпрос битува в България преди век

Author(s): Roman Hadzhikosev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

This article examines the discussion, which took place in Bulgaria shortly after the beginning of the First World War, between the Austrian deputy of Ukrainian origin Longin Tsechelski and Nikola Bobchev and Yaroslav Romanchuk. At the end of 1914, Tsechelsky arrived in Sofia to campaign for the support of the Ukrainian people in the struggle for independence publishing a pamphlet "How Russia "liberates" Ukraine?". It accuses Russia of having provoked the war by deceiving Serbia; of using pan-Slavic propaganda promulgating the idea of a single Slavic race; of denying Ukrainian nation the right to self-determination because it is conceived as being part and parcel of the Russian people; of not accepting Ukrainian language and Ukrainian literature as different from the Russian language and Russian literature but were instead considered to be their adjuncts, and some other similar arguments.Russophile circles in the country were immediately prompted to take action, which resulted in a response to Tsechelski with an article by Nikola Bobchev and a brochure by Romanchuk, a Ukrainian living and working in Bulgaria. Naturally, they try to refute the claims by using well-known arguments, talking about the liberating role that Russia played in fighting against Ottoman „slavery“, the Slav solidarity and the commercial interests of the West and more specifically of Austria during that historical moment. In the following year, a new answer followed in a book of more than a hundred pages by Tsechelski and another one by Romanchuk.

СРЕДСТВА ПАРАЈЕЗИЧКЕ ЕКСПРЕСИВНОСТИ У ПИСАНОМ ДИСКУРСУ: АНАЛИЗА ПРИМЕРА У "DEJAME QUE TE CUENTE…" ХОРХЕА БУКАЈА

Author(s): Gorana Zečević Krneta / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 79/2022

En este trabajo se analiza la presencia y modos de manifestación del paralenguaje en Déjame que te cuente... del escritor y psiquiatra argentino Jorge Bucay. Tres son las razones que nos llevaron a elegir este libro: el título del libro lleva puntos suspensivos que llegan a ser uno de los pilares de la expresividad artística; luego, es una obra llena de diálogos que refleja en papel la estructura típica del discurso oral; y la tercera razón, el autor, además de ser escritor, es un médico psiquiatra y psicoterapeuta, lo que implica una mayor capacidad de matizar la narración con medios no verbales. Bucay utiliza todos los recursos disponibles para diversificar su expresión y hacer reflexionar al lector. Esta intención del narrador se ve ejemplificada a través de muchos elementos paralingüísticos, comunicativamente relevantes. En nuestro análisis partimos de las clasificacones elaboradas por Poyatos (1998, 2002a, 2002б), Antúnez Pérez (2005, 2006) y Panić Cerovski (2017), pero hacemos notar que algunos parámet- ros del análisis deben ser reconsiderados de acuerdo con el canal comunicativo al que pertenecen. Establecida la diferencia entre el tipo visual y el auditivo de los medios de expresividad paralingüística, los resultados del análisis sacan a luz diferentes elementos de tipo visual, entre los cuales destacan los elementos tipográficos y la organización espacial del texto. Los signos de puntuación, interjecciones y vocalizaciones representan las transcripciones de los parámetros auditivos, conque se consideran como elementos paralingüísticos de tipo auditivo. El silencio como ausencia del sonido se manifiesta en la obra tanto al nivel paralingüístico (puntos suspensivos) como al nivel lingüístico (el sustantivo silencio). Se toman en consideración también las descripciones ver- bales que, pese a su realización verbal en la obra, tienen una función primariamente paralingüística gracias a la relación que se establece entre el signo y lo designado.

L’INTERROGATION DANS LE DISCOURS DE LA BANDE DESSINÉE : VALEURS LINGUISTIQUES ET ÉNONCIATIVES

Author(s): Lamiae Slaoui / Language(s): French Issue: XVI/2024

This article deals with the values of questioning in comics discourse. The term “value”, which has a linguistic character, manifests itself in the form of particular, linguistic and enunciative aspects, which gives to the said discourse a meaning and guides its interpretation. In many cases relating to this type of discourse, linguistic processes support its content. In this respect, we evoke linguistic functioning where questioning is both a linguistic process and a marker of a dynamic situation which governs the understanding of the reactions and emotions of the characters. Just as the notion of subjectivity and modality is essential since it stimulates more reflection on the field of pragmatics, and in no way exempts the urgency of analyzing the questions as speech acts. This is why it is supposed to study the functions of questioning, which have gone beyond linguistics to arrive at the field of didactics, hence the need to stop at the means which govern the functioning of this type of speech.

Stories of our Grandmothers: How Modern Ukrainian Women's Literature Deconstructs the Soviet Myth about the Great Patriotic War

Author(s): Snizhana Zhygun / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The article analyses how contemporary women’s literature deconstructs the Soviet myth of the Great Patriotic War under the influence of contemporary Russian aggression. This myth defined the narrative of World War II as a heroic sacrifice of the Soviet people. As a result, the diversity of experiences was suppressed and the memory of them was not formed. Since independence, Ukrainian culture has been restoring the gaps in history and memory, which has become especially important in the context of the ongoing war. Women’s literature participates in this process by focusing on women’s experiences, which are usually marginalized in the national-focused narrative. This study aims to identify the contribution of women’s literature to the process of decolonization. The object of the study is such women’s novels as The Museum of Abandoned Secrets by Oksana Zabuzhko (as a precursor to the modern treatment of the topic), Amadoka by Sofia Andruhovych, Because it Hurts by Yevgenia Senik, Eva’s Apples by Khrystyna Kotsira and Faride by Iren Rozdobudko. The study found that women’s literature most often addresses the topics of women combatants, deportations, and the Holocaust. In this way, the authors contribute to the process of returning to national history. At the same time, the study demonstrates the complex interaction of nationality and gender in contemporary women’s literature. As women’s literature also contradicts the traditional nationally oriented discourse, emphasizing female agency and appealing to multinational experience (except Ukrainian, Jewish, and Crimean Tatar). This understanding of the theme of the Second World War by contemporary Ukrainian women’s literature creates a context for the perception of the specifically female experience of the current war and resists attempts at ideological manipulation around women’s roles.

Николай Аретов на 70 години

Author(s): Nikoleta Patova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 48/2024

За фантастичното/вълшебното в приказния свят на Николай Райнов: издигане над човешкото и завръщане към него

Author(s): Tatyana Batuleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

The article examines the dual nature of the fantastic and the magical in the fairy-tale world of Nikolay Raynov. On the one hand, it thrives in a universe completely different from reality. But, on the other hand, it is not a refusal to accept the human situation but rather a way to enrich this situation. The human is situated on the horizon of an ethical imperative that predetermines the fate of the characters. It stands to reason that authorization is a step from magical to fantastical. Parallels have been sought both with Propp's morphology and with Bettelheim's psychoanalytic optics. The existential choice of the heroes turns them into warriors of light and bearers of light, which, as a manifestation of the divine in man, is a key concept in the philosophical, theosophical, and artistic works of the prominent Bulgarian classic.

VESNA PARUN’S JOURNEY TO BULGARIA AS EXISTENTIAL NECESSITY AND CHALLENGE TO CREATIVITY

Author(s): Antoaneta Balcheva / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

The article examines Vesna Parun’s journey to Bulgaria as a mental construction, whose optical framework is the meeting ground of the dialogue about borders and identities, about surmounting time and space, about the physical and its metaphysical dimension, about escape and return. Immersed in the waters of the “inner self”, the author focuses on suggestion in order to invigorate intuition and unravel the essence of her own existence. The brainchild of her deep self-reflection and philosophical insights, her contact with Bulgarian topoi, artists, historical and cultural realities is presented as an ontological route that is a rationale for creative inspiration and a condition for spiritual resurrection.

VESNA PARUN’S TRAVELOGUES FROM BULGARIA

Author(s): Sanja Knežević / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

In Croatian literature, there is a long tradition of travelogues from South Slavic countries. In this work, three travelogues of Vesna Parun, the great Croatian poet of the 20th century, are interpreted. Vesna Parun lived in Bulgaria for several years in the 1960s. In her book of essays, travelogues and feuilletons, Nedovršeni mozaik (1990), three Bulgarian travelogues were published: “More bez sunčevih zalazaka”, “Djevojčica i vjetar” and “Probuđeni bakrorez”.

THE POETIC NOSTALGIAS OF VESNA PARUN IN THE POETRY COLLECTION THE WIND OF THRACE

Author(s): Liudmila Mindova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

During her stay in Bulgaria in the 1960s, Vesna Parun formed strong friendships with leading figures on the Bulgarian literary scene, and Bulgaria became a kind of second homeland for her. Here she wrote her poetry collection The Wind of Thrace, which not only testified to her enchantment with Bulgarian nature, culture, and history but also served as an important document for the development of her poetic views. Through the Thracian myth and Bogomilism, through the images of Sozopol, Nessebar, and the Hermit of Rila, as well as through the irony and anti-dogmatism in the Sofia poetic and philosophical circles, Vesna Parun began to infuse the image of Bulgaria in her poetry with strong nostalgic sentiments. In this way she traced mental bridges between her native home and language and her new Bulgarian homeland, which could not be completely destroyed even after the suppression of the Prague Spring in 1968 and her expulsion from Bulgaria. Vesna Parun is a known and valued poet in Bulgaria, and her work has not lost its impactful influence.

Хиперфункции на възрожденския текст. Към въпроса за началата на новобългарския книжовен език

Author(s): Vladislav Milanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2024

This article is dedicated to the specificity of messages in texts from the Bulgarian National Revival period. The aim is to trace the complex relationship between content and speech in Revival texts. The paper presents current reflections related to the beginnings of the modern Bulgarian literary language, supporting a scientific hypothesis that has gained popularity in recent years. This hypothesis posits that the periodization of the modern Bulgarian literary language cannot be understood through the simple relationship of „from - to“ but must be entirely aligned with the dynamics of linguistic processes in their complex competition. At this stage, the idea of unfolding the reality of Revival texts through the lens of the relationship between the center and the periphery is proposed, with the emphasis being that, in view of the linguistic picture of the world, the boundaries between the two are not as clearly defined and tend to blur.

Социализация и ресоциализация на „дивите“ деца (върху примери от фолклорни и литературни произведения)

Author(s): Daniel Polihronov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2024

The article interprets the problem of socialisation and resocialisation of “feral” children on the example of real-life stories, folklore and literary works. A pedagogical commentary is made on trends, causes and results, as well as on educational and methodical approaches to the inclusion of children raised by animals in the wild.

In memoriam Владимир Вавржинек

Author(s): Margarita Mladenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 49/2024

In memoriam Дан Замфиреску

Author(s): Vasilka Aleksova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 49/2024

Law, Language, and Anxiety in Shakespeare

Author(s): Nóra Pethő / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2024

Drawing on examples from Shakespearean drama, and by combining a linguistic focus with an inquiry into emotions and affect, the present writing identifies the ‘lack of control over meaning’ as one of the crucial points in forming early modern English popular fears of law.

FROM PAGES TO SCREENS: HOW LITERATURE EXPLORES AND PREDICTS CYBERBULLYING

Author(s): Andrei-Lucian Marian / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 40/2025

Cyberbullying is a modern form of aggression, and contemporary, classical, and dystopian literature provides a relevant perspective on this phenomenon, illustrating its emotional and social impact. By exploring exclusion, public humiliation, and isolation, fiction, social realism, and psychological literature help in understanding the consequences of digital aggression on victims. Studies show that affected individuals develop anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem, and books that address bullying, marginalization, and power dynamics can contribute to fostering empathy. Additionally, literature can serve as an educational tool, used to stimulate debates on ethics, digital responsibility, and the emotional impact of aggression. Books that explore themes such as social ostracization, public shaming, or technological manipulation can help young people better understand the dangers of the online environment. Literature not only reflects the realities of cyberbullying but also offers models of resilience and strategies for overcoming trauma. By integrating it into educational programs, literature can contribute to promoting empathy and responsible online behavior.

ISSUES OF OTHERNESS IN CHINUA ACHEBE’S „ANTHILLS OF THE SAVANNAH” (1987)

Author(s): Adina Campu / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2025

This paper focuses on representations of Otherness in Chinua Achebe’s last and most modern novel – “Anthills of the Savannah”, first published in 1987. As opposed to previous literary works by the same author that mainly focused on the disastrous encounter between the African and the European cultures, the above-mentioned novel is chiefly concerned with African culture itself, the one that has developed in postcolonial times. I argue that “Anthills of the Savannah” relies on discourses of Otherness and Sameness in order to give an answer to the complex problem of identity construction and I focus on two of the most relevant representations of Otherness that I have identified in Achebe’s novel – on the one hand, the way in which Achebe uses the language in the novel not only as a class marker but also as a marker of the individuality of the Africans as opposed to Europeans and, on the other hand, the relevance of Western experience and how the novel questions the way in which the African elite, educated in Western countries can and should combine forces with the masses in order to create a just and fair society. The conclusion is not bleak but, Achebe makes it clear that, in order to bring about the eagerly awaited change the whole nation, not just the elite, needs to be adequately educated to that effect.

THE INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY IN GERMAN LITERATURE

Author(s): Simona Olaru-Poșiar / Language(s): German Issue: 40/2025

The article underlines the influence of psychology in world literature, with a close eye on German literature, from the middle ages until modern times, revealing how characters were built and taking into account psychological behavioural patterns. The work relies on the study of Matthew Bell (2005): The German Tradition of psychology in literature and thought 1700-1840, as well as on other studies that discuss the connection that lies between psychology, psychiatry, constructing, as well as deconstructing narrative in German literature. First of all, the article uses the interdisciplinary method. Secondly, the comparative method is also approached in order to compare the pathological symptoms of madness and schizophrenia in medicine with the symptoms depicted in literary texts. Ultimately, the paper appeals to the hermeneutic and text immanent methods in order to get as close as possible to literary texts.

ASPECTS OF THE COMIC SITUATIONS IN THE LITERATURE OF P.G. WODEHOUSE AND ION LUCA CARAGIALE

Author(s): George Costin Rusu / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2025

Our society repeats some models, some patterns, which literature has exemplified over the years in different forms. Two of the illustrious representatives are P.G. Wodehouse and Ion Luca Caragiale, writers who managed through their, sometimes sarcastic analyses, to render, with a lot of humour, human typologies and social concepts of nineteenth-century life, both of them writing masterpieces of national and universal literature. Our paper aims to analyze these typologies and situations from the point of view of the comic situations in which the characters are illustrated.

THE LIBRARY OF THE THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE IN BUCHAREST DURING COMMUNIST REGIME

Author(s): Ovidiu-Ionuț Avram / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 40/2025

This study aims to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the history of Romanian librarianship, with a particular focus on the evolution of libraries in higher theological education. By analyzing archival documents identified within the Faculty of Theology of the University of Bucharest, the research highlights relevant aspects concerning a library whose historical development reflects the transformations of the academic institution to which it belongs. The study focuses on the period 1948-1984, within the context of the communist regime, and emphasizes significant historical and functional aspects. In particular, the processes of reorganization and inventorying of the library between 1980 and 1984 are analyzed, along with the conclusions derived from these efforts. The library’s ability to sustain its activity under the communist regime, its status as a specialized library that applied principles of librarianship in its organization and functioning, as well as the size and quality of its documentary collection, attest to the fact that it became one of the most prestigious specialized libraries in the field of theology.