Современное состояние русинского литературного языка в Словакии

Author(s): Anna Plišková / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2010

The Rusyn language was, in Slovakia, codified in 1995. Its form was based on the two most widely spread Rusyn dialects in Slovakia: Eastern-Zemplin and Western-Zemplin dialects. Considering the above fact, Rusyn is a considerably young Slavonic language. Its history, though, goes back hundreds of years and is known for many fights for the form of the standard language for Rusyns living not only in present-day Slovakia, but also in the region of the whole historic Carpathian Rus. The issue of the standard language for this ethnic group has always been connected with dealing with ethnic identification of Rusyns (whether they belong to (great-)Russian, Ukrainian, or are a Slavonic nationality on their own), which could only be solved after 1989, in the conditions of a pluralistic society. That is why codification of the language of Rusyns at the end of the 20th century was a natural consequence of a free solution to the ethnic-identification dilemma. It also became a fundamental condition for establishing the standard language in particular spheres (journalistic, confessional, theatrical, literary – partly functioning prior to this event), where, until 1995, various dialects had been used without unified rules. The codification was, at the same time, taken as the basis for including the spheres of education and social (official) matters, which especially needed a standard language.

Современные механизмы стандартизации для улучшения экологической обстановки в регионах

Author(s): Arina Yurievna Yanchenko,Natal’ya Vital’evna Androsenko,Galina Nikolaevna Ivanova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2018

The environmental problem concerns everyone. We cannot live in isolation, human activity affects the environment. The article describes the model of modern mechanisms of standardization for successful implementation of the state policy in the sphere of environmental protection in the Russian Federation. As a methodological basis, the authors considered the concept of sustainable development stimulating to implement the nature protection measures. We have analyzed the pollution level in the Russian regions by the man-made impact. The analysis is based on the Russian Meteorological Service data published in the state report. We have defined the most environmentally disadvantaged federal districts. The article considers the environmental problems at the level of the territorial subjects of the Russian Federation. We focus on the influence of demographic problems connected with environmental pollution on the growth rate of regional economy. The article reviews the Russian laws and regulations concerning standardization process, including the procedure for determining the best technology of manufacturing process and/or rendering services. This technology has to be based on the scientific and technological innovations and meet environmental objectives. We have described the international experience in this field, and defined the aspects of environmental regulation from the international practice, which can be applied in the Russian regulatory documents. We have considered the institutional structure as a part of Federal Agency on Technical Regulating and Metrology, which provides expert advice and opinions concerning the drafts of compendiums on the best available technologies. We classify compendiums, which are being currently developed. We have identified the fields of economic activity, which need the development of environmental standards and technology compendiums, which will take into account the volumes of the waste that are subject to neutralization and utilization. We have developed a universal model for the implementation of standardization mechanisms. This model may solve the environmental problems in any region within the developed technical regulation and the nature protection legislation. The universality of the presented model consists in the integrated use of the general system of measures for environment protection in any region. In summary, the results show the need to introduce the standards and the best technology compendiums. It is necessary for the successful implementation of ecologically friendly business practices including power and resource-saving.

Современные тенденции в изучении истории Мурманска

Author(s): Sergey Aleksandrovich Nikonov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 19/2017

The article discusses new trends in the study of the history of Murmansk and the development of Euro-Arctic region. Material for historiographic analysis were the results of the scientific conference “Murman and the Russian Arctic: past, present, future”, held from 26 to 28 September 2016 in the Murmansk Arctic State University. During the conference there was discussed a wide range of issues of history, ethnology, archeology of the Kola North. But the main focus of the conference was the history and development of Murmansk and the Euro-Arctic region in the XX century. Raised questions allow to speak about formation of new directions in the study of the history of the city. These include projects for the development of “socialist” Murmansk, “places of memory” of the city — the lost and surviving, the demographics and social structure, social infrastructure development, the contribution of engineers in the development of the town, and several others. Self-direction in work of the conference was the consideration of the provisions of the unequal groups premilitary Murmansk, and also the fate of Norwegians and Finns, who lived in the Murmansk region and subjected to repressions in the 1930s. Become relevant on the issues of development of transport communications in the Euro-Arctic region and the role of Murmansk in their organization. So, attention was drawn to the role of the Murmansk (Kirov) railroad in the development of a transport hub in the period before the great Patriotic war, the projects of the organization of the Northern sea route in the post-revolutionary period, the role of Russian-Norwegian trade in the economic development of Murman.

Современный подход к разработке и выбору стратегических альтернатив развития ресурсных регионов

Author(s): Valeriy Anatolievich Kryukov,Anastasiya Yegorovna Sevastyanova,Anatoliy Nikolaevich Tokarev,Vladimir Vitalyevich Shmat / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2017

The integration of companies is crucially important in the ongoing globalization processes. Companies must unify the material assets and optimize property. The integration of the company, incrementally, and competency development is also essential in order to expand the competitiveness of the company’s integrated structure. Identification and management of competencies are especially important for the enterprise structures, which carry out the integration processes. The level of competency development and the types of competencies may or may not be similar. The aim of this research is to specify and develop an organizational competency structure, which groups individual competencies of an organization into various segments based on their similarity. This research is relevant due to the need to systematize and streamline competencies in order to better identify them and develop a set of measures for their monitoring. The theoretical literature analysis allowed us to create a model that characterizes the assumed impact of the competencies on the successful integration of companies. Based on the data, we divided the organizational competencies into five major categories are. An empirical assessment of the impact of the competencies on the market success of the integration of enterprise structures is provided. This research indicates that the success of such integration is substantially determined by the formation and development of the competencies. The authors interviewed top managers of 225 medium and large-sized companies from all over the country were (the questionnaire was created by Rudenko M.N.) The time lag is 5 years. Thereby, the results can be used in the process of regional policy formation.For many countries and regions (both in Russia and abroad), natural resources are the crucial factor for socio-economic development. The role and significance of natural resources in the economy of different areas substantially depend on the institutional environment, including the resource regime. Today, we have a qualitative complication of conditions for mineral resources exploitation, we start to develop new, non-traditional types of resources, which haven’t been available (or demanded) earlier for the economic and technological reasons. The changes in the characteristics of natural objects, as well as the increasing of uncertainty in the resource sector, actualize the search for alternatives of the development of resource-type regions and for the elaboration of appropriate strategies. In new conditions of resource regions, it is necessary to place emphasis on the aspects of expanded specific understanding of inclusiveness. It implies the possibility of active participation of regional authorities in the management and regulation of the mineral complex, as well as their involvement in the development of the association of a wide range of communities. These communities consist of the organizations representing the interests of indigenous peoples as well as professional communities: industry associations, environmental organizations, representatives of the innovation industry. Modern approaches to the elaboration of strategic directions for the resource regions development (primarily based on the development of the mineral industry) should be based on sustainable development principles, the principles of inclusiveness and the need for innovations. As a result of the convergence of these characteristics, a new socio-economic concept is formed. This concept can be defined as the harmonious development that is extremely important for the Russian regions. The proposed approach can be used for the elaboration of strategic alternatives of the development of resource regions.

Соматизмите със значение ‘теме’ в българския и в румънския език: метафорични значения в полето на народната географска терминология

Author(s): Boryana Emiliyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2015

In this paper the metaphorical extentions of the body parts terms for the top of the head are examined in Bulgarian and Romanian geographical lexis. The body parts terms for the top of the head have the following metaphorical meanings as generic terms: Bulg. теме ‘the top of the head’, ‘a mountain summit without vegetation’, ‘a ridge (of a mountain) without vegetation’, ‘the upper part of a ridge (of a mountain)’, ‘the upper part of an eminence, especially when rounded or fl at’; Rom. creştet ‘the top of the head’, ‘peak, the sharp top of a mountain, of a rock or an eminence’, ‘the crest of a mountain or an eminence’. In both Romanian and Bulgarian languages the body parts terms for the top of the head express the conceptual metaphors THE MOUNTAIN IS A PERSON and THE EMINENCE IS A PERSON. The differences in the metaphorical meanings of the terms in these two languages could be explained by the differences in their general meaning as body parts terms.

Сообщество как данность и сообщество как процесс: стратегии изучения малых городов

Author(s): Greg Yudin,Ivan Pavlyutkin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2015

Community studies in social sciences tend to treat community as a given object with structural characteristics to be revealed. This approach is particularly adopted by researchers of local communities, including small towns. However, it is questionable whether all spatially localized social aggregates can be rightfully called communities.This paper argues that even though this approach has a long tradition in social sciences, it cannot deal adequately with the key issue of integration and disintegration of communities. The authors rely on classical sociological theory to suggest a strategy of analysis that pays attention to the dynamics of social cohesion and considers communities from the standpoint of unification processes. Building on empirical data gathered during ourstudies of Russian small towns, the authors indicate several mechanisms of consolidation that support the cohesion of communities.

Сотруенция и соткуренция в сфере туризма в регионах Cибири.

Author(s): Olga Pavlovna Kuznetsova,Arina Aleksandrovna Kuzmenko,Egor Aleksandrovich Yumaev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2017

The relevance of the topic is due to the need to use of such category as “co-opetition” by public and local government authorities when implementing their powers in the tourism sphere. We divide the term “co-opetition” into two categories: “coexisting competition” and “competitive coexistence”. The problem field of the study is that in the conditions of crisis development, it is difficult to choose and implement new measures and approaches aimed at improving the economic situation in Russia and its regions, diversify the economy. In modern conditions, it is important and effective to develop domestic tourism and incoming tourism in Russia as well as its effective functioning. Russia has considerable natural and ecological, cultural and historical resources. However, the imperfection of the authorities operation and a mechanism of combined implementation of projects by different territories prevent the transformation of tourism industry into the economic powerhouse. In this regard, on the example of Siberian regions, we offer to the authorities to use co-opetition (in both of its meanings) in the combined development of tourism and to establish on this basis the tourist mega-cluster “Fairy Siberia”. The study of foreign experience has allowed revealing the positions, in which Russia falls behind other countries-leaders in the tourism industry. The proposed approach is promising, and it is based on joint efforts of regions and saving money due to the economies of scale. At the same time, it allows the regions to develop their competitive advantages. The practical significance of the received results consists in the possibility of their use by the public and local authorities in the implementation of effective policy for the development of tourism industry.

София, каквато беше 1944-1989

Author(s): Svetlin Kiradjiev / Language(s): Bulgarian

This book presents the city of Sofia from the second half of the 20th century. This period is marked not only by the end of World War 2 but by the change of political power in Bulgaria. Through this book, the author intends to give more information about moments of the development of the capital, it's it's influence over material and spiritual culture and he relates all of this to the citizens of Sofia in the reviewed decades. Sofia is very old city, although it's citizens don't realize it, but its modernization and geographical growth begun after the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878. After 1944 Sofia has shown rapid development and population growth - for 300 000 to over 1 million citizens for a period lasting over 40 years. The houses have been replaced by modern buildings, the city districts have been expanded, the city has turned into a center of industry and slowly, but steady, Sofia has turned for average Balkan city to a capital with European influence.

Социальное благополучие регионов Российской Федерации.

Author(s): Marina Yuryevna Malkina / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2017

The paper aims at analyzing the differences in the level of Russian regions social well-being in 2004–2014. The objectives of the research are the assessment of the regional social well-being; evaluation of the interregional inequality and the degree of regions convergence/divergence in social well-being; estimation of the factors contributed to it. The social well-being is presented as a four-factor multiplicative model, based on the A. Sen extended function, which includes GDP per capita, share of personal incomes in GRP, cost of living index in the region and intra-regional income inequality. We evaluate the degree of interregional inequality in social well-being on the basis of generalized entropy indices (Theil index and Theil-Bernoulli index). The authors determined a contribution of factors to the interregional inequality according to the Duro-Esteban inequality decomposition technique. According to our hypothesis, the interregional differences decrease as we go from GRP per capita towards nominal and real income and social well-being of regions due to three compensation effects: distributive one, cost of living and intraregional inequality. The dynamics of these effects defines the character and extent of convergence. As a result of the research, we constructed the map of Russian Federation regions by social well-being, and discovered interregional differences in dynamics. Weighted entropy indices allowed to reveal the turning point in the tendency of the accelerated convergence of the Russian regions in 2009, and according to the unweighted entropy indices, there is a smooth turn to divergence in 2011. We determined the contribution of four factors and three crossings of the model in the formation of interregional differences by social well-being in statics. In dynamics, we revealed the positive impact on the convergence by production and distribution factors and the negative impact on it by the factors of cost of life and intraregional inequality. The obtained results are applicable to the assessment of the effectiveness of the regional policy and interbudgetary equalization and to the development of the measures to improve it.

СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ САМОЧУВСТВИЕ ЖЕНЩИН В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ 2015 Г. (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ВОЛОГОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)

Author(s): Irina Nikolaevna Dementyeva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2017

The article attempts to estimate economic and social situation of Vologda region in the conditions of 2015 economic crisis as well as closely connected with these issues mood of the region’s women. It is shown that women are one of the least protected categories. They are most vulnerable to negative changes of the social and economic situation. The conclusion is drawn that in the conditions of crisis the dynamics of women’s estimation of the economic situation in the country and the region as well as of their own financial position tends to be mainly negative. At the same time, their social well-being depends first of all on social and psychological climate within a family, on how the relations with children, close relatives, friends. The research is conducted on the basis of the public opinion monitoring data carried out by the Institute of the Socio-Economic Development of Territories of Russian Academy of Sciences in the Vologda region.

Социально-культурные факторы дожития лиц мужского и женского пола в экономически активном возрасте: региональный анализ

Author(s): Yevgeniya Khasanovna Tukhtarova,Aleksandr Ivanovich Kuzmin,Natalya Pavlovna Neklyudova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2018

The period, when a person starts and completes his or her professional carrier and labour participation, in general, coincides with the age when the self-preservation behaviour develops. It is a time when a person aims for a healthy and safe lifestyle. During this period, an individual assumes the main standards, values of the self-preservation behaviour inherent in an ethnic, social and cultural macro-environment. To research the sociocultural factors of survival, we applied econometric modelling to demographic processes using the discrete and probabilistic indicators of the mortality tables of male and female in economically active age. The econometric model included the elements of spatiotemporal characteristics of territories. These characteristics are interrelated with the indicators of survival probability and the indicator of average life expectancy in the regions of Russia. We choose the major sociocultural factors by the correlation ratio of indicators and their sensitivity. The econometric analysis has revealed a high degree of sensitivity of a territorial variation of demographic and sociocultural factors in the regions of Russia, including a gender aspect. The most significant socio-economic factors, which determine the self-preservation behaviour of males, are the following: 1) the size of Gross Regional Product per capita; 2) quality of health infrastructure; 3) fixed investments; 4) population with monetary income under the subsistence minimum (share coefficient of income differentials). The female have the same hierarchy of socio-economic factors, except for the sensitivity of variables to the regional differentiation of signs. The household poverty factor has little significance for the women and it is the main difference between male and female. The built model has shown the predictive importance in the assessment of the above-mentioned factors in short and medium-term prospects.

Социально-культурный потенциал города в оценках его жителей (на примере города Махачкалы)

Author(s): Èlʹdar Magomedovich Èlʹdarov,Zoja Alekseevna Trifonova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 10/2013

The sociocultural potential of the capital of the Republic of Dagestan (Russia) - the city of Makhachkala is estimated. The evaluation was based on revealing the degree of satisfaction of Makhachkala residents with the level of development of the institutes of the sociocultural sphere of their city and analysis of statistical indicators of the functioning of its institutions of culture, education, media and religion. A number of experts were interviewed and the questionnaire was polled by 500 Makhachkala residents in 2008 and 2010. It is concluded that the use of cultural institutions in this city is not effective and requires adjustments, taking into account the development trends of modern urban communities.

Социально-экономические приоритеты устойчивого развития Арктического макрорегиона России

Author(s): Vladimir Nikolayevich Leksin,Boris Nikolayevich Porfiryev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2017

To properly justify the priorities for the Russian Arctic Zone sustainable development is methodologically challenging for two reasons. Firstly, this challenge is due to fast changes of external and internal conditions for the development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). Secondly, the interpretation of the concept of “sustainability” is too wide inconsistent. As the concepts of “sustainability” as well as the concept of “sustainable growth” in this wide sense are frequently used to characterize economic, social and other processes and systems, these key categories are difficult to apply as development’ targets and evaluation criteria practice of public administration in Russia. Using the case of Arctic macro-region, the paper substantiates the concept of spatial systems’ sustainability as their ability to maintain functionality under destabilizing impact of exogenous and endogenous factors. Such an ability is particularly important because of variations in structure and intensity of these negative impacts including from climate change. Within this methodological framework, we have specified the indicators of sustainability relating to the practice of public management in the AZRF development. The paper has discussed the existing and emerging exogenous and endogenous impacts on the AZRF development sustainability. We set two priorities among the goals and objectives for ensuring the AZRF sustainable functioning under the conditions of climate. In social (socio-economic) sphere, it is necessary to maintain and improve the public health. In economic sphere, the most needed are strengthening of coherency and reliability of the transportation system, energy supplies to distant consumers, and stimulating of investment and industrial activities of the large industrial corporations.

СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ УКРУПНЕНИЯ ЗЕМЛЕПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ УКРАИНЫ

Author(s): Ihor Yatsiv / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2016

The social consequences of the increase in the size of land use at agricultural enterprises of Ukraine have been analyzed. Threats related to the loss of jobs and degradation of cattle farming due to the development of particularly large agricultural enterprises have been considered. The necessity of antitrust activities on the market of land shares rent that will enable the system to save the agricultural production of small-sized farms has been grounded.

СОЦИАЛЬНЫЙ КОНСТРУКТИВИЗМ И ЗНАЧЕНИЕ МАТЕРИАЛЬНОГО В ЭКСПЛИКАЦИИ ПОНЯТИЯ «РЕГИОН»

Author(s): Elena Valentinova Golovneva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2015

This paper considers the main approaches to the definition of the concept “region”. The scientific research of this term is supposed to reveal the tendency to sophistication of the concept “region” due to the emphasizing the subjective elements in it`s structure. The author concludes about the importance of the ideas of constructivism in the ontological status of region as well as the relevancy of the material factor in the conceptualization of the region.

СОЦИЈАЛНЕ ИМПЛИКАЦИЈЕ ДЕМОГРАФСКИХ ПРОМЕНА У ЗЕМЉАМА ЕВРОПСКЕ УНИЈЕ

Author(s): Drenka Vuković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 121/2006

The process of demographic changes in European countries is characterized by greater and greater ageing of the population, as a result of the decline in the rate of natural increase and the rise in life expectancy. Europeans have less and less children, they live longer and face the problems how to ensure a safe old age. Noticed trends of change will be intensified till the middle of the new millennium (2050), when the following situation is expected: the decline in the number of children (0-14 years) for almost 20% and the active-working population (15-64), while there will be more „old persons“ (65-79) for more than 44%, and „the oldest“ persons (80 or more) for even 180%. Ageing of the population characterizes all regions, but is specially pronounced in the countries in the south and countries in transition. Faced with the challenges of the disturbances in the demographic structure, the members of the European Union (25) developed an entire spectrum of measures and activities to prevent the negative social-economic consequences. Creation of „the policy of ageing“ at the Union level develops within the co-ordination (OMC) of the process of modernization of the social security system (old-age pension insurance, health insurance, social and child protection); it also implies the creation of conditions for „the active old age“ (increase in employment and staying as long as possible on the job market), the development of „the new forms of solidarity“ between generations (as a consequence of the increase of the coefficient of dependency between active working and supported population), preventing poverty and social exclusion, etc. Strategic documents, directions and national action-plans determined the concrete measures needed to face the demographic challenges.

СОЦИОЛОШКИ ПРИЛОЗИ БАЛКАНИСТИЦИ: УСПЕШНА ОПЕРАЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИЈА ТЕОРИЈА ДРУШТВЕНОГ РАЗВОЈА

Author(s): Božo Milošević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 120/2006

Review of: 1. Ljubiša R. Mitrović (2005) (a) "Ka kulturi mira na Balkanu"; Niš: Centar za balkanske studije i SVEN, 5; 2. Ljubiša R. Mitrović (2006) (b) "Balkanska raskršća i alternative", same publisher; by: Božo Milošević

Спилловер-эффекты в российской экономике: региональная специфика

Author(s): Elena Anatolyevna Fedorova,Bella Kemalovna Korkmazova,Maxim Aleksandrovich Muratov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2016

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the strength and direction of the distribution of the foreign direct investments (FDI)in regional economy. The subject matter of the research is FDI to the regions of Russia. The subject of the study is relevant as itmakes possible to estimate the long-term consequences from the restrictions of the West countries (in connection with sanctions)against the inflow of the foreign capital to the regions of the Russian Federation. The study is based on the following hypotheses:1. Russian regional economy has horizontal (distribution of effects from FDI within an industry) and vertical spillovereffects (distribution according to a technological chain, from product suppliers to product consumers). Vertical effects are moreimportant and have greater amplitude than horizontal effects. An industry competition is one of the causes of negative horizontalspillover effect, and the scale of the company is the reason of positive horizontal spillover effect.2. FDI generates the positive regional spillover effects on the productivity of domestic firms in the Russian economy.3. Regional industry specificity influences the sign and magnitude of spillovers from FDI.4. Time sensitivity is revealed for horizontal spillovers, so the regional effects may change the direction.As an empirical basis of the study, the statements of 23567 Russian companies with FDI and 25354 Russian enterpriseswithout FDI for the 5 years were used. The methodology of the research is the calculation of spillover effects, Cobb-Douglasproduction function and panel data regression. The study has found, that the direct vertical spillover effects are almost absent.That means that industrial consumers do not notice the effect of inward FDI. At the same time, the converse effect related tothe product suppliers is positive, but as the direct effect, it is not more important in any group of regions then the horizontaleffect. The Russian economy has a positive regional spillover effect of FDI. The positive effect of FDI for a region of investmentattractiveness, first of all, extends to regions with similar investment climate, and after that residually extends to less successfulregions. The regional spillover effect is unstable and has high volatility. Therefore, regional administration has to develop theanti-crisis policy and try to improve the investment climate. The findings of the study may be useful for the regional authoritiesto formulate the investment policy.

Списание „Епохи“ и географските науки

Author(s): Rumen Yankov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

The article traces out the participation of geographers and the geographic themes in the issues of the“Epohi” historical journal. The main ideas of the geographic publications are presented. Common or similar scientific directions are outlined. The traditions in the organizational and research interaction between the two sciences are underlined. The journal is examined as a bridge, connecting the work of historians and geographers in the scientific researches.

Список сокращений

Author(s): Mikhail M. Choref,Ch.Sh. Choref,Mikhail Ya. Choref / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2(supp)/2016