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In this text we will briefly discuss some examples of the influence of the chosen philosophy and epistemology leading in a natural way to a change in research paradigm and consequently to a change in methods of linguistic description. We will present two types of situations: • The situation where one arrives at the same types, basically, of descriptive methods in the same discipline starting from different philosophical and epistemological foundations, generally without being aware of it or without having specified them (see, e.g., Predicates-Arguments Structures vs Object-Oriented Approach vs Classes of Objects vs. SketchEngine). • The situation where one arrives at the same types, basically, of descriptive methods in different disciplines starting from different or similar philosophical and epistemological foundations (see e.g., Object-Oriented Approach, Classes of Objects vs Ecological Psychology / Incorporated Radical Cognition). In a “good method”, descriptive methods derive from the philosophical and epistemological foundations adopted consciously or unconsciously. Sometimes, if the choices are more operational and more practical applications oriented, in “normal science”, in T. Kuhn’s terminology, one must go backwards to discover these foundations from the chosen descriptive principles. At the same time, different philosophical foundations can lead to the same types, at least roughly, of descriptive methods of reality. The descriptions made in the framework of different paradigms, like these paradigms, are complementary and, in the last instance, “cumulative”, thus giving a more complete description of the reality, which, while submitted to different visions, does not, naturally, change.
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The forth issue of Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Digitalia focuses on digital classics and ancient history. The initiative was rooted in the Digital Ancient History and Archaeology workshop hosted by the Babeș-Bolyai University in June 2018. Some of the papers published herewith were presented there, while others are later additions, which we believed best-fitted to the thematic of the volume in order to help us render a more thorough image of what studia digitalia in these fields mean today.
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The article discusses some problems that arose while implementing two sets of annotation rules for treebanking Ancient Greek (the first set by Bamman and Crane, the second by Celano). Educational uses of treebanking are discussed, together with the most common problems that occurred while treebanking the Iudicium vocalium by 2nd-century writer Lucian of Samosata.
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The study of an abundant number of inscriptions leads to the conception of schemas and forms that can be organized into databases. This procedure allows us to arrange information with precision and to draw data and create connections between them in quickly and easily. For this reason, the relational database model has proved to be a valid support, as it makes possible to arrange data and information logically according to pre-established constraints and relationships, reducing errors and repetitions. The aim of this paper is to present an example of the use of a relational database created to catalogue inscriptions and highlight the positive aspects and difficulties found out during the process. The complexity of this method is mostly related to making choices about entities and identifying relationships between them; another obstacle is connected to the complexity of inscriptions as group of words and formulae. Nevertheless, the relational database allows the researcher to mix up data and information and create new relationships between them using SQL operators. The software used for the case study that will be presented in this paper is an open source administration and development platform pgAdmin (for PostgreSQL).
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The present paper has the goal to document the usage of the Romans 1by1, a database which records the people attested in the epigraphic sources coming from the Roman provinces; so far, we have registered Dacia, Moesia Inferior and Moesia Superior in full and are currently working on the epigraphy of Pannonia. The information started to be collected in 2015, and it is still in progress, the intention being to extend the geographical area as much as possible. The database represents an extremely useful resource in the study of ancient population, as well as a very user- friendly research tool, which allows primary browsing and selective, advanced searches alike.
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Digital tools have enhanced the possibilities of historical prosopographic researches, bringing to light facts and connections unnoticed before. Showcasing two very different databases – in structure, timeframe and employed sources – we will try to highlight how structured data can prove useful and revealing for the prosopography of the people living in all historical periods and areas. In order to make our point, we will first present the two databases from architectural and technical points of view, then we will focus on case studies extracted from each of them. The aim is to highlight the gain in historical knowledge brought forth by the employment of digital tools and technologies and how these means actually increase our insightfulness when facing the sources.
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The Pantheon 3D cultural programme is the most ambitious initiative in the field of new technologies applied to archaeological heritage carried out by the National Museum of Unification in Alba Iulia, one of the few at national level. In concept, the programme aims to render valuable the Roman artefacts belonging to the museum, using interdisciplinary methods. Via modern technologies and 3D documentation, Roman art works are digitized with the goal of accomplishing a virtual collection and a 3D interactive platform. The Pantheon 3D exhibitions and publications offer examples of three-dimensional models using specific techniques of non-textured rendering of surfaces, useful within studies of art history and as virtual models for artistic and iconographic interpretation.
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The present text is the first part of a broader study and it provides a new perspective to certain aspects of the issue of the Troglodytes in Thrace. The analysis and the reinterpretation of the available written evidence lead to reconsidering of the traditional view that Troglodytes inhabited the territories close to the Danube Delta, or lived in the caves along the Black Sea coast, giving arguments for a new localisation in the interior of the Getic lands.
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The study of Thracian toponymy with a view to chronology has different aspects. The history of each source gives a more precise picture of the chronology of the attesting of the data. Tracing the chronology of emergence is of greater significance both in linguistic and in historical plan. Owing to the areal positioning of toponymic isoglosses or isoglosses of toponymic elements, the conclusion reached in the study concerns the chronology of the emergence of groups of toponyms united by common characteristics. Tracing their propagation leads to the conclusion that the oldest layer of Thracian toponymy has lexical and word-forming parallels with the pre-Greek toponymy in the southern and western parts of the Balkan Peninsula and in Asia Minor. There is a newer layer that demonstrates lexical parallels only within the Thracian linguistic space. It comprises the settlement names with two roots and with second components recurring repeatedly, whose dissemination occurred successively throughout the first millennium BC. On the whole, the models for the formation of the Thracian toponymy were completed by the end of the first millennium BC.
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The reconstruction of the palaeo-environment of the lands inhabited by the Thracians in this study is based on comparative analysis of currently existing written, archaeobotanical, archaeozoological, palynological, archaeological and physico-geographic evidence. It presents the natural conditions, the resources and the registered palaeogeographic changes, while at the same time taking into account the specificity and the importance of the environment for the development of Thracian society and culture during the first millennium BC. Hence the territorial scope of the study comprises mainly the lands to the south of the Danube.
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