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The article is devoted to the relevant problem, i.e. the evaluation of the investment attractiveness of renewable natural resources in the underdeveloped Northern and Arctic territories. Economic interaction arising from the development of natural resource potential is the subject-matter of the study. The development of the methodological tools for the assessment of investment attractiveness for business and authorities is the purpose of the study. For the zoning of territories at the pre-investment project stage typical landscapes were selected and assessed by each type of renewable natural resources. On the basis of the analysis of the existing approaches to the zoning of natural resources, three types of landscapes were defined: the investment-attractive ones, the investment-attractive ones with some restrictions and the investment unattractive ones. During the study, the following hypothesis was confirmed: the selection of the most valuable natural resources increases the opportunities of their development. The investment attractiveness is determined by the advantages of geographical location, development of regional infrastructure, natural potential which is considered as a priority investment target. The need for the valuation of the natural resource potential of landscape areas within the boundaries of the assessed area is justified. The limitations are the low level of infrastructure development, insufficient resistance of landscapes to anthropogenic influence, the export of raw materials for recycling from the territories. The list of conditions that demand the introduction of correction factors to the cost parameters of the natural resource potential of landscape areas is justified. The main results of the research are presented in the form of the landscape zoning of the territory and as the developed methodological tools for assessing the investment attractiveness. The testing is conducted on the example of the Berezovsky municipal district of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra.
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The article is devoted to the study of ecological and socio-economic environment as well as the development of effectivemethodological tool for the assessment of its stability. This tool allows to ascertain the level of economic activity of the regionswithin the limits of the sustainability of biosphere. In the article, the regional system is considered as the total of industrialenterprises, social infrastructure and natural environment creating a specific territorial ecological and socio-economicenvironment, whose stability depends on the level of economic activity measured by the capacity of territorial ecosystem. Theuse of a technique for the comparative assessment of the energy indicators of economic activity creating a specific ecologicaland socio-economic environment of the region as well as of the indicator of the ecological capacity of the territory is proved.The ecological capacity of the territory enables to better estimate the level of the sustainability of the region within the limitsof sustainability of biosphere. This method allows to forecast the development of the studied territory by the measurement of 1038 Социально-экономические проблемы регионаЭКОНОМИКА РЕГИОНА Т.12, вып. 4 (2016) WWW.ECONOMYOFREGION.COMgeneral energy flow on the basis of closed material and energy flows. The research revealed an indicator of the sustainability ofecological and socio-economic environment of Ural Federal District. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District is the most stable, theChelyabinsk region is the least stable, which is associated with both natural conditions and the specificities of economic structure.The labour productivity indicator, expressed in energy units, has revealed regions with rich natural resources. It was found thatin these regions, there are significant material flows in the electricity industry that leads to a large proportion of greenhousegas emissions. The assessment of the demographic capacity fully correlates with the calculations of the stability indicator ofthe regional system and the analysis of labour productivity in the region. In the future, these methodological tools will allowto develop a model of the management of a sustainable ecological and socio-economic environment of the region, taking intoaccount the environmental capacity of biosphere.
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The article is devoted to the relevant problem of regional development that is the development of methodological tools to evaluate the life quality in the region. The article discusses the concept of “life quality”, as well as related terms and justifies the author’s position about its content. The existing Russian and foreign approaches to the assessment of life quality were analyzed, and it was argued that a comprehensive approach was the most relevant to conduct this research. The criteria to assess the life quality of the population were summoned. The authors proposed a methodological approach that not only includes the objective indicators of the life quality presented in the statistical reporting of Federal State Statistics Service, but also involves the subjective assessments of the local population, which allows to obtain an adequate assessment of the life quality of the population in the region. The methodological research tools include, firstly, mathematical methods of statistical data processing and, secondly, a sociological survey of the population of Sverdlovsk region about the level of satisfaction with various aspects of life. The authors concluded that stable growth objective indicators of life quality, on the one hand, characterize Sverdlovsk region. On the other hand, simultaneously it is accompanied with low satisfaction with population-specific aspects of life quality, which generally reduces the integral indicator of the life quality of the population, despite the positive dynamics of socio-economic development of the region and an active social policy of the regional authorities. The results of the study were used for the preparation of the regional target program “New life quality of Ural” (decree of the Governor of Sverdlovsk region from 29.01.2014 No. 45-UG “ON the Concept of improving the quality of life of the population of Sverdlovsk region for the period up to 2030 — “a new quality of life of Ural”).
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A key indicator of the System of National Accounts of Russia at a regional scale is Gross Regional Product characterizing the value of goods and services produced in all sectors of the economy in a country and intended for final consumption, capital formation and net exports (excluding imports). From a sustainability perspective, the most weakness of GRP is that it ignores depreciation of man-made assets, natural resource depletion, environmental pollution and degradation, and potential social costs such as poorer health due to exposure to occupational hazards. Several types of alternative approaches to measuring socio-economic progress are considering for six administrative units of the Ural Federal District for the period 2006–2014. Proposed alternatives to GRP as a measure of social progress are focused on natural resource depletion, environmental externalities and some human development aspects. The most promising is the use of corrected macroeconomic indicators similar to the “genuine savings” compiled by the World Bank. Genuine savings are defined in this paper as net savings (net gross savings minus consumption of fixed capital) minus the consumption of natural non-renewable resources and the monetary evaluations of damages resulting from air pollution, water pollution and waste disposal. Two main groups of non renewable resources are considered: energy resources (uranium ore, oil and natural gas) and mineral resources (iron ore, copper, and aluminum). In spite of various shortcomings, this indicator represents a considerable improvement over GRP information. For example, while GRP demonstrates steady growth between 2006 and 2014 for the main Russian oil- and gas-producing regions — Hanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs, genuine savings for these regions decreased over all period. It means that their resource-based economy could not be considered as being on a sustainable path even in the framework of “weak” sustainability, i.e. sustainability under the assumption that the accumulation of producible physical capital and of human capital can compensate for losses in natural non reproducible resources.
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During the twentieth century, the ethnic structure of the Serbia was not always statistical clear, primarily due to the strong influence of national policies; in the Kingdom of Serbs Croats and Slovenians/Yugoslavia through the idea of Yugoslav unitary; after II World War through in socialistic Yugoslavia with usage “the new methodological solutions”; and national politics from the end of the twentieth century, which is current today. Nationality structure study of population of Serbia according to the census must include the fact that only the number of national “declared” is available in statistical sources, which may not always coincide with ethnic origin. This indicates at the influence of various factors on the national determination, such as socio-cultural, political, integration, economic, and religious factors. The strictly usage of subjective criteria had the negative impact on the accuracy of census results, because it had enabled oscillations in the number of certain ethnic communities. Inconsistency of native language and nationality declared population in Serbia often occurs as a result unpredictable behavior of certain ethnic groups in census declaration, but also due the assimilation processes – in cases that some ethnic groups are accepted other language. Vital statistics at this period, as the censuses, was under the influence of methodological changes too, especially at the period 1965-1970; probably because of ideological reasons, it was stopped recording and publication of vital events by ethnicity, which makes more difficult all ethno-demographic researches. The main disadvantage of the current methodology for registration and publication of vital events by ethnicity is the fact that existing data is distributed only by the nationality of the mother.
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Many famous world cartographers deal with definition and significance of cartographic method. Cartographic method is the one of the most important method of researching and knowledge of geospace. Like that it is applying in researching of all spatial sciences. By its usage we got 2D, 3D and 4D models of reality. The most importance cartographic models are maps and atlases.
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At the present time, the document contents of strategic planning for subjects of the Russian Federation, their order of development and endorsement at the interregional and federal levels, requirements for content and coordination with other long-term and medium-term territorial programs are legislative authorized. In the article, the theoretical and methodical problems of specification and interrelation of forecast scenario versions of region socio-economic development with expected parameters of regional energy consumption on the basis of fuel and energy balance in the conditions of incomplete retrospective information are considered. Such situation is typical in the market conditions, and some restrictions on access to the statistical data can be removed. It reduces the application of the strict formal valuation methods and objectivity not only expected, but also current indicators. Methodical and practical relevance of coordination of the specified documents is caused by the relative isolation of their development, various specification level of expected scenarios, lack of necessary information. The authors use the estimation procedure of indicators of energy saving and energy efficiency based on structural comparison of real, current, and expected fuel and energy balances coordinated with the forecast of region socio-economic development and are interested in its development for the comparative analysis of regional energy consumption in the retrospective and expected periods. The calculations are carried out by the authors since 2007 within the state order of the Ministry of Energy and Housing and Utilities Infrastructure of the Sverdlovsk region. In the article, the methodical features of the author’s approaches to the option development of fuel and energy balance considering official scenarios of the forecast of region socio-economic development, fault and incompleteness of statistical data, standard requirements for the forecasts quality are reflected.
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Key problems of the regional electric power supply systems are examined. These problems result from a lack of regulated interaction mechanisms for uniting the different entities’ resources aimed at the realization of investment activities. One of the main problems of the power supply industry is physical and moral aging of both generating and networking equipment. In the article, the necessity of management system formation to control the development of power sector has been proved. The deficiencies of the modern investment procedure in power companies are described. The absence of continuity between the regional and local strategic planning documents and investment planning of a power company has been found out. The possibility to develop a new mechanism for attracting investment has been proposed. The regulation of joint activities to implement the development program for the regional power supply industry has been proposed. The management system to develop the Russian power industry has been proposed. The comparative analysis of generating capacity development mechanisms has been carried out, such as capacity supply agreement (CSA), investment support mechanism (ISM), and long-term power market (LPM). The interaction procedure of the planning of the power supply infrastructure development has been described. The mechanism connecting the state sectoral and regional planning and corporate planning of power supply infrastructure development has been proposed. The regional aspects of industrial policy and its legislative support have been considered. To successfully implement the public-private-partnership (PPP) projects, it is necessary to create the effective PPP model within the federal and regional legislation framework; to develop the financial model providing the recoverability of investments; to provide a mutually beneficial cooperation between executive bodies and private investors. The possibility to apply the PPP mechanism for regional power supply infrastructure development have been validated. The PPP mechanism application can help to solve the problem of regional and interregional power supply infrastructure development, as it is of vital importance for the regions of Siberia and the Far East.
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The settlements of Sićevačka gorge has been inhabited by Serbian population for many centuries. During that period geographic-historical and socio-economical conditions influenced the intensive migration of population. In this paper migrations and origin of the population will be presented based on examination of population originally inhabiting the area, population of unknown migrational origin and population group of immigrants, as well as redistribution and emigration of the inhabitants of Sićevačka gorge.
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Bačka, as well as the other parts of Vojvodina, is the place of constant migrations. These migrations had different causes in the past. The main causes were of economic, social, religious, ethnic and political nature. They are forced movements or volontary ones, massive or individual, random or planned. All above mentioned causes of migrations were present in Bačka in the past. During and after the Second World War a certain number of Germens moved out, and afterwar migrants came instead of them, mainly from Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, and south Serbia. In 1961–1991 period migrations were usually caused by economic reasons, mostly being those towards towns causing depopulation of villages. However, bigger regional centres are more attractive than other towns.At the end of 20th century massive migrations occurred in ex-Yugoslavia. In those migrations somewhat more than 125,000 inhabitants moved to Bačka.
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The paper discusses the migrational characteristics of the population of Vojvodina according to the results of the 2002 census. It analyzes the data about the immigrated population of Vojvodina according to the region from which the population came and according to the time of settlement. The results are compared with the data from other regions of The Republic of Serbia in order to achieve a qualitative evaluation of the process, specially at the time of intensive migrations. The paper analyzes the causes leading to specific migrational tendencies in the area of Vojvodina and points out to the economic and social implications of the realized migrational trends in the preceding period, as well as to the tendencies for their changes in the following period.
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Data Linked to the demographic situation in Bulgaria are examinated. Differences between the regions are outlined. Possible measures and initiatives aimed at overcoming the negative trends are pointed out.
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Microcystins are hepatotoxic cyclic heptapeptide toxins produced by cyanobacteria. One of the most dangerous is the microcystin-LR. The European Commission has issued a proposal for a Directive on the Quality of Water Intended for Human Consumption. The proposal is a recast of Directive 98/83/EC, which was amended in 2003, 2009 and 2015.Microcystin-LR is included in the proposal as a “Chemical Parameter”, with a parametric value of 1 μg/l.
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Works of O. A. W. Dilke, A. Diller, P. Schnabel, J. Fischer and others enable the author to conclude that the handmade maps are descendents of Ptolemy's maps. An alternative hypothesis (i. e. that the maps were a later product by the Byzantine scholars who used Ptolemy's text) seems to be not very well grounded.
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The identification of the monastery, founded by St Theodosius of Turnovo in the 14th century with the present day Kilifarevski monastery is wrong due to inaccuracy in the text of the saint’s vita made in the late 18th century by the monk Spyridon in the Rila Monastery. He relayed the name of the monastery as ΚиλΪɸɑƿстЂи monastery, while in the Rila Panegyric (1479) it is written that the monastery was founded in the ΚѥɸɑλɑƿЕвО area. This incorrect transcription puts the base of a legend that St Theodosius founded Kilifarevski monastery, which was endorsed by the bringing of Spyridon’s copy of Life of Theodosius in the Kilifarevski monastery on March 1, 1817 by the mendicant friar of the Rila Monastery in the region, monk Gabriel. This is the date from which begins the veneration of St Theodosius of Turnovo in Kilifarevski monastery, and the legend is further sustained in 1842 with the construction of the new catholicon where, as a tribute to the work of Spyridon and the Rila Monastery, a chapel was dedicated to both St John of Rila and St Theodosius. Consequently, all the early images from before 1817, which are thought to be images of St Theodosius of Turnovo should actually be interpreted as images of St Theodosius the Cenobiarch (c. 423–529), and in support of this comes the fact that not a single image of St Theodosius prior to 1842 was explicitly inscribed as Theodosius of Turnovo.
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The article reveals the agriculture development potential of the Volgograd region enabling to move to the stable type of reproduction as well as its factors: the natural conditions, location, technological types of production, agrarian structure, horizontal and vertical integration, state support. Methodological approach of the differentiation of green box subsidies is approved, the mechanism of its realization is proposed. The evidence base is substantiated by the long-term research of the soil intensification and soil quality factors influencing the soil productivity in the region. Within the boundaries of the existing natural areas, the following zones of territorial and economic development are allocated: the zones of competitive and efficient grain production; the zone of commercial sunflower production; the zones of territory and priority development. The criterion signs of their development are formulated. Alongside with the natural factor, the following factors were accepted as a criterion: the level of production adaptability and development of rural areas, displacement of population, customary lifestyle, arrangement of production infrastructure, resources, the structure of the agrarian economy. The evolutionary entrance of small agribusiness into the innovative economy have been reasoned as well as the creating on this basis of a special sector of agrarian economy — organic agriculture, which is reasonable to develop in the field of dairy cattlebreeding and vegetable-growing. A strategic analysis of the technological types of production existing in the regional agriculture in the context of organizational units and activities is presented. These are: industrial with innovative elements, extensive and intensive with innovative elements, extensive and intensive, extensive. They provide modernization as a factor of evolutionary formation of the innovative economy in the agrarian sector. Considering the global tendencies, the priorities of increasing the availability of agricultural mass producer in the market realized within a cluster, agricultural holding, cooperative are grounded.
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The article investigates Dobrudzha (in the political boundaries of Bulgaria and Romania) – a zone of interpenetration of identities and cultural practices among the population as a result of its long co-habitation within the Ottoman Empire on the Black sea shores and on the banks of the lower Danube River. The author uses a syncretic approach, including observation in situ allowing both for the pointing out of the “internal” multiplicity of practices connected to one or more denominations, as well as for the outlining of ‘trans-confessional’ and the ‘trans-ethnic’ similarities – healing practices, contacts with trees, stones and springs as the intermediaries of the divine. The aim is to investigate some details, as well as to reveal common places and diversity.
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The territory of Čačak region is a part of Zapadno Pomoravlje and is situated with geomorphological aspect between Šumadija and Unutrašnji Dinaridi. Čačak commune covers area 636 km2 with 58 settfements and 117.072 inhabitants (2002). It is hard to say rnuch of the Čačak commune in the ancient times because poor archeological data. Insufficient data on the Čačak commune makes it difficult to forrn a clearer picture of its social organization, life and working activities of the population. Varous cultures and ethnic groups were interwoven here such as: old Balkan, Roman-Bvzantine, old Slavic, Serbian and oriental. Intensive imigration started in XVII century and continued to the end of XX century. Postwar economic development of Čačak commune spured great imigration of the population. Out of ali kinds of migrations by their continuity, intensity and influence on settlements and spatial-functional structure making and in comune organization, rural to urban migration sand migrations frorn the living place to the working place were the most important. In the period 1948–1991. the population of the Čačak commune growth. It is the resultat of industrialization, rural to urban migration and natural increase. Decline in agriculture and rapid industrialization caused the change of rural population into urban population. The analysis of population age structure in the Čačak villages shows that the population is at the threshold of being old. Only the growth of birth rate and reduction of migration may slow down this process.
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Geography is a science that follows modern trends in the development of contemporary science. One of the crucial things that gives teaching process a high quality in the application of modern techniques and methods. Modern organization of the teaching process in primary and secondary schools is unimaginable without innovations. This would mean changes and new elements in all segments of the teaching process. Good organization, innovation and new tendencies in the development of the science can raise the quality of the teaching process, thus enabling the student to study fully and rationally. Innovations should help students develop a dialectic way of thinking when explaining objects, phenomena and processes in nature and society, as well as enable them to notice cause and effect relationships. The application of new methods should provide maximum activity of the students in terms of their research and independent work. Computers are used in many different ways therefore they can be used very rationally in different segments of the teaching process.
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